يعرض 1 - 10 نتائج من 23 نتيجة بحث عن '"Sandra M. Yoder"', وقت الاستعلام: 1.55s تنقيح النتائج
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    دورية أكاديمية
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    المصدر: Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 426, p 426 (2021)
    Vaccines
    Volume 9
    Issue 5

    الوصف: The role of T cell immunity has been acknowledged in recent vaccine development and evaluation. We tested the humoral and cellular immune responses to Flucelvax®, a quadrivalent inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine containing two influenza A (H1N1 Singapore/GP1908/2015 IVR-180 and H3N2 North Carolina/04/2016) and two influenza B (Iowa/06/2017 and Singapore/INFTT-16-0610/2016) virus strains, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by pools of peptides overlapping all the individual influenza viral protein components. Baseline reactivity was detected against all four strains both at the level of CD4 and CD8 responses and targeting different proteins. CD4 T cell reactivity was mostly directed to HA/NA proteins in influenza B strains, and NP/M1/M2/NS1/NEP proteins in the case of the Influenza A strains. CD8 responses to both influenza A and B viruses preferentially targeted the more conserved core viral proteins. Following vaccination, both CD4 and CD8 responses against the various influenza antigens were increased in day 15 to day 91 post vaccination period and maintained a Th1 polarized profile. Importantly, no vaccine interference was detected, with the increased responses balanced across all 4 included viral strains for both CD4 and CD8 T cells, and targeting HA and multiple additional viral antigens.

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

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    المصدر: iScience
    iScience, Vol 24, Iss 2, Pp 102052-(2021)

    الوصف: Summary A detailed understanding of the adaptive host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans is urgently needed. We developed a sensitive, high-throughput, and efficient assay using liquid bead array technology. We observed advantages over traditional ELISA for the detection and quantification of binding IgG against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. To determine whether COVID-19 symptom severity correlates with SARS-CoV-2 IgG, we measured anti-RBD IgG levels from 67 subjects recovered from PCR-confirmed COVID-19. We found that COVID-19 symptom severity strongly correlated with RBD IgG level (p < 0.001). These findings have substantial implications for public policy surrounding assessments of antibody responses and possible immunity, as not all cases of COVID-19 can be assumed to generate a protective antibody response, and mild disease in particular is capable of generating very low-level anti-RBD IgG levels. These findings also have important implications for the selection of donors for convalescent plasma to be used therapeutically.
    Graphical abstract
    Highlights • We developed a sensitive, high-throughput assay for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 IgG • The assay uses liquid bead array technology for efficient and reproducible results • COVID-19 symptom severity was strongly correlated with SARS-CoV-2 SRBD IgG levels
    Biological Sciences; Microbiology; Virology; Viral Microbiology

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    المصدر: Journal of Clinical Investigation. 126:1482-1494

    الوصف: Avian H7N9 influenza viruses are group 2 influenza A viruses that have been identified as the etiologic agent for a current major outbreak that began in China in 2013 and may pose a pandemic threat. Here, we examined the human H7-reactive antibody response in 75 recipients of a monovalent inactivated A/Shanghai/02/2013 H7N9 vaccine. After 2 doses of vaccine, the majority of donors had memory B cells that secreted IgGs specific for H7 HA, with dominant responses against single HA subtypes, although frequencies of H7-reactive B cells ranged widely between donors. We isolated 12 naturally occurring mAbs with low half-maximal effective concentrations for binding, 5 of which possessed neutralizing and HA-inhibiting activities. The 5 neutralizing mAbs exhibited narrow breadth of reactivity with influenza H7 strains. Epitope-mapping studies using neutralization escape mutant analysis, deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and x-ray crystallography revealed that these neutralizing mAbs bind near the receptor-binding pocket on HA. All 5 neutralizing mAbs possessed low numbers of somatic mutations, suggesting the clones arose from naive B cells. The most potent mAb, H7.167, was tested as a prophylactic treatment in a mouse intranasal virus challenge study, and systemic administration of the mAb markedly reduced viral lung titers.

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    المصدر: Haematologica. 101:e204-e208

    الوصف: Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is an unpredictable immunological complication that affects the skin, gut, or liver following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Donor Th1 cells can initiate aGvHD after recognition of recipient alloantigens and migration to target tissues via homing receptors.1 Paradoxically, experiments in animal models of transplantation suggest that deficiency of the inflammatory Th1 cytokine IFN-γ can exacerbate aGvHD severity and mortality.2,3 Investigators have interpreted these results to mean that other cell types are capable of generating aGvHD or that loss of a protective function related to IFN-γ was responsible for the intensified alloreactivity observed in these animal models.

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    المصدر: Vaccine. 35(2)

    الوصف: Background Influenza related morbidity and mortality disproportionately impacts older adults. The serologic response to vaccine is diminished in older adults; however, high dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD IIV) has shown improved rates of seroconversion compared to standard dose (SD IIV). We hypothesize this may be due to the superior ability of high dose vaccine to activate T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and provide B cell dependent T cell help. Methods We measured peripheral Tfh (pTfh) activation in 50 community dwelling adults 65 years or older who were randomly assigned to receive either the HD IIV or SD IIV. Results The HD vaccination elicited significantly higher levels of ICOS expression on pTfh cells, at day 7 compared to SD vaccination (p = 0.02). The magnitude of the increase in ICOS+ pTfh cells from baseline to day 7 was predictive of seroconversion for both influenza A and B vaccination. Conclusion Strong Tfh activation in response to influenza vaccination forecasts successful seroconversion in older adults, and HD IIV elicits greater Tfh activation than SD IIV. Future vaccine studies should focus on ways to further optimize the Tfh response.

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    المصدر: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 18:954-962

    الوصف: Despite more than 50 years of vaccination, disease caused by the bacteriumBordetella pertussispersists, with rates increasing in industrialized countries over the past decade. This rise may be attributed to several factors, including increased surveillance, emergence of vaccine escape variants, waning immunity in adults, and the introduction of acellular subunit vaccines, which include chemically detoxified pertussis toxin (PTd). Two potently protective epitopes on pertussis toxin (PTx) are recognized by the monoclonal antibodies 1B7 and 11E6, which inhibit catalytic and cell-binding activities, respectively. In order to determine whether the PTx exposure route affects antibody responses to these epitopes, we analyzed sera from 30 adults with confirmed pertussis exposure and from 30 recently vaccinated adults for specific anti-PTx antibody responses andin vitroCHO cell neutralization titers. While overall titers against PTx and the genetically detoxified variant, PTg, containing the R9K and E129G substitutions, were similar in the two groups, titers against specific epitopes depended on the exposure route. Natural infection resulted in significantly higher titers of anti-PTx-subunit 1, 1B7-like, and 11E6-like antibodies, while acellular vaccination resulted in significantly higher titers of antibodies recognizing PTd. We also observed a correlation betweenin vitroprotection and the presence of 1B7-like and 11E6-like antibodies. Notably, chemical detoxification, as opposed to genetic inactivation, alters the PTx tertiary and quaternary structure, thereby affecting conformational epitopes and recognition of PTx by 1B7 and 11E6. The lower levels of serum antibodies recognizing clinically relevant epitopes after vaccination with PTd support inclusion of PTg in future vaccines.

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    المصدر: Transplant Infectious Disease. 20:e12874

    الوصف: Background Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk for reactivation of herpes zoster, or shingles, and have a higher frequency of serious complications including post-herpetic neuralgia. A live, attenuated shingles vaccine is effective and approved for individuals 50 years and older. The vaccine is contraindicated following transplantation, but may be used in patients with renal failure. Utilization of the vaccine has been poor in patients with end-stage renal disease, including those awaiting transplant, owing to concerns for safety, efficacy, and potential sensitization prior to transplant. Methods We conducted a phase I, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of live, attenuated Oka strain shingles vaccine in subjects prior to or awaiting renal transplant at 3 US centers. Subjects received vaccine a minimum of 4 weeks prior to transplant. Results The vaccine was safe and well-tolerated. There were no cases of herpes zoster or rash illness. There was no change in donor-specific antibody or calculated panel reactive antibody after vaccination during the follow-up period. There were no rejection episodes. There was a significant 2.1-fold rise in geometric mean titer of anti-VZV antibody at 5 weeks post-vaccine. Conclusions The data suggest that the shingles vaccine is safe in subjects with ESRD awaiting transplant. Antibody responses were similar to those seen previously in adults >50 years of age and are consistent with a protective response.

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