-
1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Sinda Ben Mariem, Angie L. Gámez, Luis Larraya, Teresa Fuertes-Mendizabal, Nuria Cañameras, José L. Araus, Steve P. McGrath, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Carmen Gonzalez Murua, Myriam Gaudeul, Leopoldo Medina, Alan Paton, Luigi Cattivelli, Andreas Fangmeier, James Bunce, Sabine Tausz-Posch, Andy J. Macdonald, Iker Aranjuelo
المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2020)
الوصف: Abstract The current study focuses on yield and nutritional quality changes of wheat grain over the last 166 years. It is based on wheat grain quality analyses carried out on samples collected between 1850 and 2016. Samples were obtained from the Broadbalk Continuous Wheat Experiment (UK) and from herbaria from 16 different countries around the world. Our study showed that, together with an increase in carbohydrate content, an impoverishment of mineral composition and protein content occurred. The imbalance in carbohydrate/protein content was specially marked after the 1960’s, coinciding with strong increases in ambient [CO2] and temperature and the introduction of progressively shorter straw varieties. The implications of altered crop physiology are discussed.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test
-
2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Maryse Bourgault, Sabine Tausz-Posch, Mark Greenwood, Markus Löw, Samuel Henty, Roger D. Armstrong, Garry L. O’Leary, Glenn J. Fitzgerald, Michael Tausz
المصدر: Plants, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 612 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Lens culinaris, climate change adaptation, root development, root depth distribution, Botany, QK1-989
الوصف: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2] are increasing steadily. Some reports have shown that root growth in grain crops is mostly stimulated in the topsoil rather than evenly throughout the soil profile by e[CO2], which is not optimal for crops grown in semi-arid environments with strong reliance on stored water. An experiment was conducted during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons with two lentil (Lens culinaris) genotypes grown under Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) in which root growth was observed non-destructively with mini-rhizotrons approximately every 2–3 weeks. Root growth was not always statistically increased by e[CO2] and not consistently between depths and genotypes. In 2014, root growth in the top 15 cm of the soil profile (topsoil) was indeed increased by e[CO2], but increases at lower depths (30–45 cm) later in the season were greater than in the topsoil. In 2015, e[CO2] only increased root length in the topsoil for one genotype, potentially reflecting the lack of plant available soil water between 30–60 cm until recharged by irrigation during grain filling. Our limited data to compare responses to e[CO2] showed that root length increases in the topsoil were correlated with a lower yield response to e[CO2]. The increase in yield response was rather correlated with increases in root growth below 30 cm depth.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Shihab Uddin, Markus Löw, Shahnaj Parvin, Glenn J Fitzgerald, Sabine Tausz-Posch, Roger Armstrong, Garry O'Leary, Michael Tausz
المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 6, p e0198928 (2018)
الوصف: Through stimulation of root growth, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) may facilitate access of crops to sub-soil water, which could potentially prolong physiological activity in dryland environments, particularly because crops are more water use efficient under elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]). This study investigated the effect of drought in shallow soil versus sub-soil on agronomic and physiological responses of wheat to e[CO2] in a glasshouse experiment. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yitpi) was grown in split-columns with the top (0-30 cm) and bottom (31-60 cm; 'sub-soil') soil layer hydraulically separated by a wax-coated, root-penetrable layer under ambient [CO2] (a[CO2], ∼400 μmol mol-1) or e[CO2] (∼700 μmol mol-1) [CO2]. Drought was imposed from stem-elongation in either the top or bottom soil layer or both by withholding 33% of the irrigation, resulting in four water treatments (WW, WD, DW, DD; D = drought, W = well-watered, letters denote water treatment in top and bottom soil layer, respectively). Leaf gas exchange was measured weekly from stem-elongation until anthesis. Above-and belowground biomass, grain yield and yield components were evaluated at three developmental stages (stem-elongation, anthesis and maturity). Compared with a[CO2], net assimilation rate was higher and stomatal conductance was lower under e[CO2], resulting in greater intrinsic water use efficiency. Elevated [CO2] stimulated both above- and belowground biomass as well as grain yield, however, this stimulation was greater under well-watered (WW) than drought (DD) throughout the whole soil profile. Imposition of drought in either or both soil layers decreased aboveground biomass and grain yield under both [CO2] compared to the well-watered treatment. However, the greatest 'CO2 fertilisation effect' was observed when drought was imposed in the top soil layer only (DW), and this was associated with e[CO2]-stimulation of root growth especially in the well-watered bottom layer. We suggest that stimulation of belowground biomass under e[CO2] will allow better access to sub-soil water during grain filling period, when additional water is converted into additional yield with high efficiency in Mediterranean-type dryland agro-ecosystems. If sufficient water is available in the sub-soil, e[CO2] may help mitigating the effect of drying surface soil.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6002051?pdf=renderTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test
-
4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Shihab Uddin, Markus Löw, Shahnaj Parvin, Glenn J Fitzgerald, Sabine Tausz-Posch, Roger Armstrong, Garry O’Leary, Michael Tausz
مصطلحات موضوعية: Uncategorized, Carbon Dioxide, Droughts, Plant Roots, Soil, Water
الوصف: Through stimulation of root growth, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) may facilitate access of crops to sub-soil water, which could potentially prolong physiological activity in dryland environments, particularly because crops are more water use efficient under elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]). This study investigated the effect of drought in shallow soil versus sub-soil on agronomic and physiological responses of wheat to e[CO2] in a glasshouse experiment. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yitpi) was grown in split-columns with the top (0–30 cm) and bottom (31–60 cm; ‘sub-soil’) soil layer hydraulically separated by a wax-coated, root-penetrable layer under ambient [CO2] (a[CO2], *400 μmol mol-1) or e [CO2] (*700 μmol mol-1) [CO2]. Drought was imposed from stem-elongation in either the top or bottom soil layer or both by withholding 33% of the irrigation, resulting in four water treatments (WW, WD, DW, DD; D = drought, W = well-watered, letters denote water treatment in top and bottom soil layer, respectively). Leaf gas exchange was measured weekly from stem-elongation until anthesis. Above-and belowground biomass, grain yield and yield components were evaluated at three developmental stages (stem-elongation, anthesis and maturity). Compared with a[CO2], net assimilation rate was higher and stomatal conductance was lower under e[CO2], resulting in greater intrinsic water use efficiency. Elevated [CO2] stimulated both above- and belowground biomass as well as grain yield, however, this stimulation was greater under well-watered (WW) than drought (DD) throughout the whole soil profile. Imposition of drought in either or both soil layers decreased aboveground biomass and grain yield under both [CO2] compared to the well-watered treatment. However, the greatest ‘CO2 fertilisation effect’ was observed when drought was imposed in the top soil layer only (DW), and this was associated with e[CO2]-stimulation of root growth especially in the well-watered bottom layer. We suggest that stimulation of belowground ...
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.26181/22800476.v1Test
https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Elevated_CO2_mitigates_the_effect_of_surface_drought_by_stimulating_root_growth_to_access_sub-soil_water/22800476Test -
5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: B Christy, Sabine Tausz-Posch, Michael Tausz, R Richards, G Rebetzke, A Condon, T McLean, G Fitzgerald, M Bourgault, G O'Leary
مصطلحات موضوعية: Crop and pasture improvement (incl. selection and breeding), Climate change, Vapor pressure deficit, Water use efficiency, Crop and Pasture Improvement (Selection and Breeding)
الوصف: Higher transpiration efficiency (TE) has been proposed as a mechanism to increase crop yields in dry environments where water availability usually limits yield. The application of a coupled radiation and TE simulation model shows wheat yield advantage of a high-TE cultivar (cv. Drysdale) over its almost identical low-TE parent line (Hartog), from about −7 to 558 kg/ha (mean 187 kg/ha) over the rainfed cropping region in Australia (221–1,351 mm annual rainfall), under the present-day climate. The smallest absolute yield response occurred in the more extreme drier and wetter areas of the wheat belt. However, under elevated CO2 conditions, the response of Drysdale was much greater overall, ranging from 51 to 886 kg/ha (mean 284 kg/ha) with the greatest response in the higher rainfall areas. Changes in simulated TE under elevated CO2 conditions are seen across Australia with notable increased areas of higher TE under a drier climate in Western Australia, Queensland and parts of New South Wales and Victoria. This improved efficiency is subtly deceptive, with highest yields not necessarily directly correlated with highest TE. Nevertheless, the advantage of Drysdale over Hartog is clear with the benefit of the trait advantage attributed to TE ranging from 102% to 118% (mean 109%). The potential annual cost-benefits of this increased genetic TE trait across the wheat growing areas of Australia (5 year average of area planted to wheat) totaled AUD 631 MIL (5-year average wheat price of AUD/260 t) with an average of 187 kg/ha under the present climate. The benefit to an individual farmer will depend on location but elevated CO2 raises this nation-wide benefit to AUD 796 MIL in a 2°C warmer climate, slightly lower (AUD 715 MIL) if rainfall is also reduced by 20%. © 2018 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
-
6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: S Uddin, M Löw, S Parvin, GJ Fitzgerald, Sabine Tausz-Posch, R Armstrong, G O'Leary, Michael Tausz
مصطلحات موضوعية: Crop and pasture improvement (incl. selection and breeding), Stimulation of root growth, CO2, Sub-soil water, Surface drought, Wheat, Dryland farming, Crop and Pasture Improvement (Selection and Breeding)
الوصف: Through stimulation of root growth, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) may facilitate access of crops to sub-soil water, which could potentially prolong physiological activity in dryland environments, particularly because crops are more water use efficient under elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]). This study investigated the effect of drought in shallow soil versus sub-soil on agronomic and physiological responses of wheat to e[CO2] in a glasshouse experiment. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yitpi) was grown in split-columns with the top (0-30 cm) and bottom (31-60 cm; 'sub-soil') soil layer hydraulically separated by a wax-coated, root-penetrable layer under ambient [CO2] (a[CO2], ∼400 μmol mol-1) or e[CO2] (∼700 μmol mol-1) [CO2]. Drought was imposed from stem-elongation in either the top or bottom soil layer or both by withholding 33% of the irrigation, resulting in four water treatments (WW, WD, DW, DD; D = drought, W = well-watered, letters denote water treatment in top and bottom soil layer, respectively). Leaf gas exchange was measured weekly from stem-elongation until anthesis. Above-and belowground biomass, grain yield and yield components were evaluated at three developmental stages (stem-elongation, anthesis and maturity). Compared with a[CO2], net assimilation rate was higher and stomatal conductance was lower under e[CO2], resulting in greater intrinsic water use efficiency. Elevated [CO2] stimulated both above- and belowground biomass as well as grain yield, however, this stimulation was greater under well-watered (WW) than drought (DD) throughout the whole soil profile. Imposition of drought in either or both soil layers decreased aboveground biomass and grain yield under both [CO2] compared to the well-watered treatment. However, the greatest 'CO2 fertilisation effect' was observed when drought was imposed in the top soil layer only (DW), and this was associated with e[CO2]-stimulation of root growth especially in the well-watered bottom layer. We suggest that stimulation of belowground ...
-
7
المؤلفون: Glenn J. Fitzgerald, Michael Tausz, Roger Armstrong, Joe Panozzo, Piotr Trębicki, Mahabubur Mollah, Sabine Tausz-Posch, Cassandra Walker, James G. Nuttall, Maryse Bourgault, Markus Löw, Debra Partington, Clayton R. Butterly, Shu Kee Lam, Robert M. Norton, Garry J. O'Leary
المصدر: Advances in Agronomy ISBN: 9780323988414
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::bb986c4759eb1c32473e4652de6a32d2Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2021.08.001Test -
8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: GJ Fitzgerald, Michael Tausz, G O'Leary, MR Mollah, Sabine Tausz-Posch, S Seneweera, I Mock, M Löw, DL Partington, D McNeil
مصطلحات موضوعية: Agronomy, Australian grains free air CO2 enrichment, Dryland, Elevated CO2, Free air CO2 enrichment, Heat wave, Wheat, Yield
الوصف: Wheat production will be impacted by increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 [CO2], which is expected to rise from about 400 μmol mol-1 in 2015 to 550 μmol mol-1 by 2050. Changes to plant physiology and crop responses from elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) are well documented for some environments, but field-level responses in dryland Mediterranean environments with terminal drought and heat waves are scarce. The Australian Grains Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility was established to compare wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and yield under ambient (~370 μmol-1 in 2007) and e[CO2] (550 μmol-1) in semi-arid environments. Experiments were undertaken at two dryland sites (Horsham and Walpeup) across three years with two cultivars, two sowing times and two irrigation treatments. Mean yield stimulation due to e[CO2] was 24% at Horsham and 53% at Walpeup, with some treatment responses greater than 70%, depending on environment. Under supplemental irrigation, e[CO2] stimulated yields at Horsham by 37% compared to 13% under rainfed conditions, showing that water limited growth and yield response to e[CO2]. Heat wave effects were ameliorated under e[CO2] as shown by reductions of 31% and 54% in screenings and 10% and 12% larger kernels (Horsham and Walpeup). Greatest yield stimulations occurred in the e[CO2] late sowing and heat stressed treatments, when supplied with more water. There were no clear differences in cultivar response due to e[CO2]. Multiple regression showed that yield response to e[CO2] depended on temperatures and water availability before and after anthesis. Thus, timing of temperature and water and the crop's ability to translocate carbohydrates to the grain postanthesis were all important in determining the e[CO2] response. The large responses to e[CO2] under dryland conditions have not been previously reported and underscore the need for field level research to provide mechanistic understanding for adapting crops to a changing climate. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
-
9
المؤلفون: Sabine Tausz-Posch, Shahnaj Parvin, Michael Tausz, Roger Armstrong, Shihab Uddin
المصدر: New Phytologist. 227:132-145
مصطلحات موضوعية: geography, Root nodule, geography.geographical_feature_category, Physiology, Chemistry, fungi, food and beverages, Carbon sink, Plant Science, Photosynthesis, Sink (geography), Vicia faba, N2 Fixation, Horticulture, Photosynthetic acclimation, human activities, Legume
الوصف: Photosynthetic stimulation by elevated [CO2 ] (e[CO2 ]) may be limited by the capacity of sink organs to use photosynthates. In many legumes, N2 -fixing symbionts in root nodules provide an additional sink, so that legumes may be better able to profit from e[CO2 ]. However, drought not only constrains photosynthesis but also the size and activity of sinks, and little is known about the interaction of e[CO2 ] and drought on carbon sink strength of nodules and other organs. To compare carbon sink strength, faba bean was grown under ambient (400 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) atmospheric [CO2 ] and subjected to well-watered or drought treatments, and then exposed to 13 C pulse-labelling using custom-built chambers to track the fate of new photosynthates. Drought decreased 13 C uptake and nodule sink strength, and this effect was even greater under e[CO2 ], and was associated with an accumulation of amino acids in nodules. This resulted in decreased N2 fixation, and increased accumulation of new photosynthates (13 C/sugars) in leaves, which in turn can feed back on photosynthesis. Our study suggests that nodule C sink activity is key to avoid sink limitation in legumes under e[CO2 ], and legumes may only be able to achieve greater C gain if nodule activity is maintained.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::18931721883610485c10a9a08defec54Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16520Test -
10
المؤلفون: Shahnaj Parvin, Michael Tausz, Glenn J. Fitzgerald, Shihab Uddin, Roger Armstrong, Sabine Tausz-Posch
المصدر: Environmental and Experimental Botany. 165:161-173
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mediterranean climate, fungi, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, Biomass, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Vicia faba, Field capacity, Crop, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Agronomy, Soil water, Water-use efficiency, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
الوصف: Legumes grown in Mediterranean environments frequently experience terminal drought which reduces yield and N2 fixation processes. Decreased N2 fixation during reproductive phases may constrain seed nitrogen concentrations ([N]), reducing protein concentration of grain legumes. Plants grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) have greater water use efficiency. This may result in reduced use of conserved/stored soil water, potentially helping to reduce soil water deficits later during grain filling. The extent that this process applies to drought sensitive grain legumes, which are extensively cultivated in Mediterranean environments is unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate yield, N2 fixation and seed N response of faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. ‘Fiesta’) grown in a dryland Mediterranean-type environment under elevated [CO2]. Plants were grown in soil columns under ambient [CO2] (˜400 ppm) or elevated [CO2] (e[CO2], ˜550 ppm) in a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility in the field. One sub-group was continuously well-watered (80% field capacity, FC), whereas a second sub-group was exposed to a drought treatment (water was withheld until 30% FC was reached, which was then maintained during the reproductive phases). Biomass, gas exchange, 13C isotopic discrimination, N2 fixation by the natural abundance 15N method, nodulation and soil water content were assessed throughout the crop developmental stages. Initially, plants grown under elevated [CO2] depleted soil water more slowly in the drought treatment than those under ambient [CO2], but as plants grown under elevated [CO2] produced more biomass they used soil water more rapidly, especially towards the critical pod-filling phase. Water savings during the first phase of the drought treatment, through flowering up to the start of pod-filling, were associated with increased yield (+25%) and N2 fixation (+15%) under drought. Elevated [CO2]-induced stimulation of nodulation and nodule density helped maintain N2 fixation under drought, even though nodule activity decreased under the combined effect of e[CO2] and drought from pod-filling onwards. This later stage decrease was associated with decreased carbohydrate and increased amino acid concentrations in nodules, indicating a down-regulation of N2 fixation. Associated with the decrease of N2 fixation during pod-filling, seed N concentration was lower under the combination of e[CO2] and drought. We propose a conceptual model to explain the importance of N2 fixation during the grain filling stage to maintain seed N concentration under e[CO2]. These findings suggest that e[CO2]-induced savings in soil water may mitigate negative effects of drought on yield and N2 fixation of faba bean, without fully compensating the effect of prolonged drought on seed N concentration.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::b4c0eb43ef4f4e2d7204e58c5d4c3e29Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.06.003Test
النص الكامل