المؤلفون: Somé, Anyirékun, Yerbanga, Rakiswendé, Conrad, Melissa, Wallender, Erika, Legac, Jennifer, Aweeka, Francesca, Ouédraogo, Jean-Bosco, Rosenthal, Philip, Zongo, Issaka, Haro, Alassane, Huang, Liusheng, Roh, Michelle

المصدر: The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 228(7)

مصطلحات موضوعية: amodiaquine, antimalarial resistance, malaria, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Humans, Child, Infant, Child, Preschool, Burkina Faso, Case-Control Studies, Seasons, Malaria, Antimalarials, Sulfadoxine, Amodiaquine, Chemoprevention, Drug Combinations, Drug Resistance

الوصف: BACKGROUND: Despite scale-up of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine (SP-AQ) in children 3-59 months of age in Burkina Faso, malaria incidence remains high, raising concerns regarding SMC effectiveness and selection of drug resistance. Using a case-control design, we determined associations between SMC drug levels, drug resistance markers, and presentation with malaria. METHODS: We enrolled 310 children presenting at health facilities in Bobo-Dioulasso. Cases were SMC-eligible children 6-59 months of age diagnosed with malaria. Two controls were enrolled per case: SMC-eligible children without malaria; and older (5-10 years old), SMC-ineligible children with malaria. We measured SP-AQ drug levels among SMC-eligible children and SP-AQ resistance markers among parasitemic children. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (ORs) comparing drug levels between cases and controls. RESULTS: Compared to SMC-eligible controls, children with malaria were less likely to have any detectable SP or AQ (OR, 0.33 [95% confidence interval, .16-.67]; P = .002) and have lower drug levels (P < .05). Prevalences of mutations mediating high-level SP resistance were rare (0%-1%) and similar between cases and SMC-ineligible controls (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Incident malaria among SMC-eligible children was likely due to suboptimal levels of SP-AQ, resulting from missed cycles rather than increased antimalarial resistance to SP-AQ.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cr3c55rTest

المؤلفون: Newby, Gretchen, Cotter, Chris, Roh, Michelle, Harvard, Kelly, Bennett, Adam, Hwang, Jimee, Chitnis, Nakul, Fine, Sydney, Stresman, Gillian, Chen, Ingrid, Gosling, Roly, Hsiang, Michelle

المصدر: Malaria Journal. 22(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Active case detection, Malaria, Malaria elimination, Plasmodium falciparum, Proactive, Reactive, Screen and treat, Test and treat

الوصف: BACKGROUND: Global interest in malaria elimination has prompted research on active test and treat (TaT) strategies. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effectiveness of TaT strategies to reduce malaria transmission. RESULTS: A total of 72 empirical research and 24 modelling studies were identified, mainly focused on proactive mass TaT (MTaT) and reactive case detection (RACD) in higher and lower transmission settings, respectively. Ten intervention studies compared MTaT to no MTaT and the evidence for impact on malaria incidence was weak. No intervention studies compared RACD to no RACD. Compared to passive case detection (PCD) alone, PCD + RACD using standard diagnostics increased infection detection 52.7% and 11.3% in low and very low transmission settings, respectively. Using molecular methods increased this detection of infections by 1.4- and 1.1-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results suggest MTaT is not effective for reducing transmission. By increasing case detection, surveillance data provided by RACD may indirectly reduce transmission by informing coordinated responses of intervention targeting.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0377d525Test

المؤلفون: Gebreegziabher, Elisabeth, Dah, Clarisse, Coulibaly, Boubacar, Sie, Ali, Bountogo, Mamadou, Ouattara, Mamadou, Compaoré, Adama, Nikiema, Moustapha, Tiansi, Jérôme, Dembélé, Nestor, Lebas, Elodie, Roh, Michelle, Glidden, David V, Arnold, Benjamin F, Lietman, Thomas M, Oldenburg, Catherine E

المصدر: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 108(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Rare Diseases, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Malaria, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Zero Hunger, Female, Child, Humans, Infant, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Burkina Faso, Longitudinal Studies, Malnutrition, Body Weight, Medical and Health Sciences, Tropical Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences

الوصف: The relationship between malaria infection and malnutrition is complex. Using data from a randomized controlled trial of 450 children 0-5 years of age in Burkina Faso, we examined the effect of malaria infection on short-term changes in anthropometric measures, the effect of malnutrition on malaria infection, and whether age modified the effect of baseline anthropometric measures on malaria infection. Malaria infection, assessed by blood smear microscopy and weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, height-for-age z-score, weight-for-age z-score, and weight-for-height z-score were measured at three time points: baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 months. We used generalized estimating equations adjusted for sex, age, breastfeeding, maternal education, and study treatment (azithromycin versus placebo) for all analyses. Interaction terms were used to assess effect modification by age. Among the 366 children with no malaria infection at baseline, 43 (11.6%) had malaria infection within 6 months. There were no important differences in anthropometric measures at 2 weeks and 6 months between those with and without malaria infection at baseline. There were no significant differences in prevalence of malaria infection by baseline anthropometric measures. Age (0-30 months versus 30-60 months) modified the effect of baseline weight and height on malaria infection. Among those aged 0-30 months, for each kilogram increase in weight, malaria infection increased by 27% (95% CI: 6-53%), and for each centimeter increase in height, it increased by 9% (95% CI: 1-17%), but there were no differences for those aged 30-60 months.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qn1x17xTest

المؤلفون: Roh, Michelle E, Oundo, Brenda, Dorsey, Grant, Shiboski, Stephen, Gosling, Roly, Glymour, M Maria, Staedke, Sarah G, Bennett, Adam, Sturrock, Hugh, Mpimbaza, Arthur

المصدر: Malaria Journal. 21(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Women's Health, Prevention, Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, Pregnancy, Pediatric, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Rare Diseases, Maternal Health, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Female, Humans, Insecticide-Treated Bednets, Insecticides, Interrupted Time Series Analysis, Malaria, Mosquito Vectors, Piperonyl Butoxide, Pregnancy Outcome, Retrospective Studies, Uganda, Young Adult, Plasmodium falciparum, Malaria in pregnancy, Long-lasting insecticidal net, Low birthweight, Stillbirth, Difference-in-differences, Interrupted time series, Piperonyl butoxide, Pyrethroid resistance, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Tropical Medicine, Medical microbiology, Public health

الوصف: BackgroundLong-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the main vector control tool for pregnant women, but their efficacy may be compromised, in part, due to pyrethroid resistance. In 2017, the Ugandan Ministry of Health embedded a cluster randomized controlled trial into the national LLIN campaign, where a random subset of health subdistricts (HSDs) received LLINs treated with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a chemical synergist known to partially restore pyrethroid sensitivity. Using data from a small, non-randomly selected subset of HSDs, this secondary analysis used quasi-experimental methods to quantify the overall impact of the LLIN campaign on pregnancy outcomes. In an exploratory analysis, differences between PBO and conventional (non-PBO) LLINs on pregnancy outcomes were assessed.MethodsBirth registry data (n = 39,085) were retrospectively collected from 21 health facilities across 12 HSDs, 29 months before and 9 months after the LLIN campaign (from 2015 to 2018). Of the 12 HSDs, six received conventional LLINs, five received PBO LLINs, and one received a mix of conventional and PBO LLINs. Interrupted time-series analyses (ITSAs) were used to estimate changes in monthly incidence of stillbirth and low birthweight (LBW;

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kg4j3q7Test
https://escholarship.org/content/qt4kg4j3q7/qt4kg4j3q7.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Roh, Michelle E, Mpimbaza, Arthur, Oundo, Brenda, Irish, Amanda, Murphy, Maxwell, Wu, Sean L, White, Justin S, Shiboski, Stephen, Glymour, M Maria, Gosling, Roly, Dorsey, Grant, Sturrock, Hugh

المصدر: International Journal of Epidemiology. 51(5)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Statistics, Mathematical Sciences, Rare Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Malaria, Prevention, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Insecticides, Mosquito Control, Pregnancy, Stillbirth, Uganda, Malaria in pregnancy, indoor residual spraying, low birthweight, stillbirth, adverse pregnancy outcomes, Plasmodium falciparum, difference-in-differences, matrix completion method, Public Health and Health Services, Public health

الوصف: BackgroundMalaria is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Indoor residual spraying with insecticide (IRS) reduces malaria infections, yet the effects of IRS on pregnancy outcomes are not well established. We evaluated the impact of a large-scale IRS campaign on pregnancy outcomes in Eastern Uganda.MethodsBirth records (n = 59 992) were obtained from routine surveillance data at 25 health facilities from five districts that were part of the IRS campaign and six neighbouring control districts ∼27 months before and ∼24 months after the start of the campaign (January 2013-May 2017). Campaign effects on low birthweight (LBW) and stillbirth incidence were estimated using the matrix completion method (MC-NNM), a machine-learning approach to estimating potential outcomes, and compared with the difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator. Subgroup analyses were conducted by HIV and gravidity.ResultsMC-NNM estimates indicated that the campaign was associated with a 33% reduction in LBW incidence: incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49-0.93)]. DiD estimates were similar to MC-NNM [IRR = 0.69 (0.47-1.01)], despite a parallel trends violation during the pre-IRS period. The campaign was not associated with substantial reductions in stillbirth incidence [IRRMC-NNM = 0.94 (0.50-1.77)]. HIV status modified the effects of the IRS campaign on LBW [βIRSxHIV = 0.42 (0.05-0.78)], whereby HIV-negative women appeared to benefit from the campaign [IRR = 0.70 (0.61-0.81)], but not HIV-positive women [IRR = 1.12 (0.59-2.12)].ConclusionsOur results support the effectiveness of the campaign in Eastern Uganda based on its benefit to LBW prevention, though HIV-positive women may require additional interventions. The IRS campaign was not associated with a substantively lower stillbirth incidence, warranting further research.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/515298x4Test

المؤلفون: Lee, Jordan John, Kakuru, Abel, Jacobson, Karen B, Kamya, Moses R, Kajubi, Richard, Ranjit, Anju, Gaw, Stephanie L, Parsonnet, Julie, Benjamin-Chung, Jade, Dorsey, Grant, Jagannathan, Prasanna, Roh, Michelle E

المساهمون: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, March of Dimes Foundation, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, ASTMH

المصدر: Open Forum Infectious Diseases ; volume 11, issue 4 ; ISSN 2328-8957

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious Diseases, Oncology

الوصف: Background Trials evaluating antimalarials for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) have shown that dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a more efficacious antimalarial than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP); however, SP is associated with higher birthweight, suggesting that SP demonstrates “nonmalarial” effects. Chemoprevention of nonmalarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) was explored as a possible mechanism. Methods In this secondary analysis, we leveraged data from 654 pregnant Ugandan women without HIV infection who participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing monthly IPTp-SP with IPTp-DP. Women were enrolled between 12 and 20 gestational weeks and followed through delivery. NMFIs were measured by active and passive surveillance and defined by the absence of malaria parasitemia. We quantified associations among IPTp regimens, incident NMFIs, antibiotic prescriptions, and birthweight. Results Mean “birthweight for gestational age” Z scores were 0.189 points (95% CI, .045–.333) higher in women randomized to IPTp-SP vs IPTp-DP. Women randomized to IPTp-SP had fewer incident NMFIs (incidence rate ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, .58–.95), mainly respiratory NMFIs (incidence rate ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, .48–1.00), vs IPTp-DP. Counterintuitively, respiratory NMFI incidence was positively correlated with birthweight in multigravidae. In total 75% of respiratory NMFIs were treated with antibiotics. Although overall antibiotic prescriptions were similar between arms, for each antibiotic prescribed, “birthweight for gestational age” Z scores increased by 0.038 points (95% CI, .001–.074). Conclusions Monthly IPTp-SP was associated with reduced respiratory NMFI incidence, revealing a potential nonmalarial mechanism of SP and supporting current World Health Organization recommendations for IPTp-SP, even in areas with high-grade SP resistance. While maternal respiratory NMFIs are known risk factors of lower birthweight, most women in our study were presumptively treated with antibiotics, masking the ...

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae143Test

المؤلفون: Sok, Vong, Marzan, Florence, Roh, Michelle, Guo, Kevin, Legac, Jenny, Mwebaza, Norah, Dorsey, Grant, Rosenthal, Philip J, Aweeka, Francesca T., Huang, Liusheng

المساهمون: National Institutes of Health

المصدر: Journal of Chromatography B ; volume 1234, page 124030 ; ISSN 1570-0232

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cell Biology, Clinical Biochemistry, Biochemistry, General Medicine, Analytical Chemistry

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124030Test
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1570023224000382?httpAccept=text/xmlTest
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1570023224000382?httpAccept=text/plainTest

المؤلفون: Roh, Michelle E, Lausatianragit, Kanyarat, Chaitaveep, Nithinart, Jongsakul, Krisada, Sudathip, Prayuth, Raseebut, Chatree, Tabprasit, Sutchana, Nonkaew, Prasert, Spring, Michele, Arsanok, Montri, Boonyarangka, Parat, Sriwichai, Sabaithip, Sai-ngam, Piyaporn, Chaisatit, Chaiyaporn, Pokpong, Peerapol, Prempree, Preecha, Rossi, Sara, Feldman, Mitra, Wojnarski, Mariusz, Bennett, Adam, Gosling, Roly, Jearakul, Danai, Lausatianragit, Wanchai, Smith, Philip L, Martin, Nicholas J, Lover, Andrew A, Fukuda, Mark M

المصدر: Malaria Journal. 20(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Prevention, Vector-Borne Diseases, Biodefense, Malaria, Aetiology, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Disease Eradication, Disease Outbreaks, Malaria, Falciparum, Malaria, Vivax, Military Personnel, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Stakeholder Participation, Thailand, Military, Civilian, Malaria outbreak investigation, Malaria elimination, Civilian-military cooperation, Southeast Asia, Greater Mekong Subregion, Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Tropical Medicine

الوصف: BackgroundIn April 2017, the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) was alerted to a potential malaria outbreak among civilians and military personnel in Sisaket Province, a highly forested area bordering Cambodia. The objective of this study was to present findings from the joint civilian-military outbreak response.MethodsA mixed-methods approach was used to assess risk factors among cases reported during the 2017 Sisaket malaria outbreak. Routine malaria surveillance data from January 2013 to March 2018 obtained from public and military medical reporting systems and key informant interviews (KIIs) (n = 72) were used to develop hypotheses about potential factors contributing to the outbreak. Joint civilian-military response activities included entomological surveys, mass screen and treat (MSAT) and vector control campaigns, and scale-up of the "1-3-7" reactive case detection approach among civilians alongside a pilot "1-3-7" study conducted by the Royal Thai Army (RTA).ResultsBetween May-July 2017, the monthly number of MoPH-reported cases surpassed the epidemic threshold. Outbreak cases detected through the MoPH mainly consisted of Thai males (87%), working as rubber tappers (62%) or military/border police (15%), and Plasmodium vivax infections (73%). Compared to cases from the previous year (May-July 2016), outbreak cases were more likely to be rubber tappers (OR = 14.89 [95% CI: 5.79-38.29]; p

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0nr9r99pTest

المؤلفون: Krezanoski, Paul J, Roh, Michelle E, Rek, John, Nankabirwa, Joaniter I, Arinaitwe, Emmanuel, Staedke, Sarah G, Nayiga, Susan, Hsiang, Michelle S, Smith, David, Kamya, Moses, Dorsey, Grant

المصدر: BMC Medicine. 19(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Rare Diseases, Malaria, Prevention, Clinical Research, Vector-Borne Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 3.2 Interventions to alter physical and biological environmental risks, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Humans, Insecticides, Mosquito Control, Uganda, Malaria control, Pediatric infectious diseases, Antibiotic prescriptions, Antibiotic usage, Pediatrics, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences

الوصف: BackgroundIntensive malaria control may have additional benefits beyond reducing the incidence of symptomatic malaria. We compared antibiotic treatment of children before and after the implementation of highly effective malaria control interventions in Tororo, a historically high transmission area of Uganda.MethodsTwo successive cohorts of children, aged 0.5 to 10 years, were followed from September 2011 to October 2019 in a dedicated study clinic. Universal distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets was conducted in 2013 and 2017. Sustained indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) was initiated in December 2014. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to compare the incidence of antimalarial and antibiotic treatments before and after vector control measures were implemented.ResultsComparing the period prior to the implementation of IRS to the period after IRS had been sustained for 4-5 years, the adjusted incidence of malaria treatments decreased from 2.68 to 0.05 per person-year (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.03, p < 0.001), and the adjusted incidence of antibiotic treatments decreased from 4.14 to 1.26 per person-year (IRR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.27-0.34, p < 0.001). The reduction in antibiotic usage was primarily associated with fewer episodes of symptomatic malaria and fewer episodes of fever with sub-microscopic parasitemia, both of which were frequently treated with antibiotics.ConclusionsIn a historically high transmission setting, the implementation of highly effective vector control interventions was followed by a marked reduction in antibiotic treatment of children. This added benefit of malaria control could have important implications for antibiotic prescribing practices, efforts to curtail antimicrobial resistance, and health system costs.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1fd442cqTest

المؤلفون: Kakuru, Abel, Roh, Michelle E, Kajubi, Richard, Ochieng, Teddy, Ategeka, John, Ochokoru, Harriet, Nakalembe, Miriam, Clark, Tamara D, Ruel, Theodore, Staedke, Sarah G, Chandramohan, Daniel, Havlir, Diane V, Kamya, Moses R, Dorsey, Grant, Jagannathan, Prasanna

المصدر: Malaria journal. 19(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infants, Placental malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Pregnancy, Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Tropical Medicine

الوصف: BackgroundPlacental malaria (PM) has been associated with a higher risk of malaria during infancy. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal, and is modified by infant sex, and whether intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) can reduce infant malaria by preventing PM.MethodsData from a birth cohort of 656 infants born to HIV-uninfected mothers randomised to IPTp with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) or Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) was analysed. PM was categorized as no PM, active PM (presence of parasites), mild-moderate past PM (> 0-20% high powered fields [HPFs] with pigment), or severe past PM (> 20% HPFs with pigment). The association between PM and incidence of malaria in infants stratified by infant sex was examined. Causal mediation analysis was used to test whether IPTp can impact infant malaria incidence via preventing PM.ResultsThere were 1088 malaria episodes diagnosed among infants during 596.6 person years of follow-up. Compared to infants born to mothers with no PM, the incidence of malaria was higher among infants born to mothers with active PM (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 1.30, 95% CI 1.00-1.71, p = 0.05) and those born to mothers with severe past PM (aIRR 1.28, 95% CI 0.89-1.83, p = 0.18), but the differences were not statistically significant. However, when stratifying by infant sex, compared to no PM, severe past PM was associated a higher malaria incidence in male (aIRR 2.17, 95% CI 1.45-3.25, p

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/76d6z3n2Test