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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Gianmarco Ferrara, Consiglia Longobardi, Maria Francesca Sgadari, Brunella Restucci, Giuseppe Iovane, Roberto Ciarcia, Ugo Pagnini, Serena Montagnaro
المصدر: Virology Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Apoptosis, Feline herpesvirus, Caspases, Intrinsic pathway, Autophagy, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
الوصف: Abstract Background Although FeHV-1 is a primary feline pathogen, little is known about its interactions with host cells. Its relationship with several cellular pathways has recently been described, whereas its interplay with the apoptotic process, unlike other herpesviruses, has not yet been clarified. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether FeHV-1 induces apoptosis in its permissive cells, as well as the pathway involved and the effects of induction and inhibition of apoptosis on viral replication. Methods Monolayers of CRFK cells were infected at different times with different viral doses. A cytofluorimetric approach allowed the quantification of cells in early and late apoptosis. All infections and related controls were also subjected to Western blot analysis to assess the expression of apoptotic markers (caspase 3-8-9, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, NF-κB). An inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) and an inducer (ionomycin) were used to evaluate the role of apoptosis in viral replication. Finally, the expression of autophagy markers during the apoptosis inhibition/induction and the expression of apoptosis markers during autophagy inhibition/induction were evaluated to highlight any crosstalk between the two pathways. Results FeHV-1 triggered apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Caspase 3 cleavage was evident 48 h after infection, indicating the completeness of the process at this stage. While caspase 8 was not involved, caspase 9 cleavage started 24 h post-infection. The expression of other mitochondrial damage markers also changed, suggesting that apoptosis was induced via the intrinsic pathway. NF- κB was up-regulated at 12 h, followed by a gradual decrease in levels up to 72 h. The effects of apoptosis inhibitors and inducers on viral replication and autophagy were also investigated. Inhibition of caspases resulted in an increase in viral glycoprotein expression, higher titers, and enhanced autophagy, whereas induction of apoptosis resulted in a decrease in viral protein expression, lower viral titer, and attenuated autophagy. On the other hand, the induction of autophagy reduced the cleavage of caspase 3. Conclusions In this study, we established how FeHV-1 induces the apoptotic process, contributing to the understanding of the relationship between FeHV-1 and this pathway.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1743-422XTest
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Consiglia Longobardi, Sara Damiano, Simona Fabroni, Serena Montagnaro, Valeria Russo, Emanuela Vaccaro, Antonio Giordano, Salvatore Florio, Roberto Ciarcia
المصدر: Toxins, Vol 16, Iss 3, p 151 (2024)
الوصف: Background: The presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in food and feed is a public health concern. OTA intoxication is caused by several mechanisms, one of which consists of the alteration of the antioxidant activity of the cell due to the oxidative stress (OS). In this context, the use of natural antioxidant substances could be a potential biological decontamination method of mitigating the negative outcomes induced by OTA. Methods: we aimed to investigate how a red orange and lemon extract (RLE), rich in anthocyanins, would affect OTA-treated rats. The current work sought to clarify the renal protective efficacy of RLE in an OTA-treated rat model (RLE (90 mg/kg b.w.); OTA (0.5 mg/kg b.w.)) by investigating, thorough Western blot analysis, the involvement of the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. The OS parameters and inflammatory status were evaluated by spectrophotometry. The inflammatory infiltrates in the kidney were evaluated by immunohistochemical assays. Results and Conclusion: Our findings showed a significant increase in oxidative and inflammatory parameters after OTA exposure, while the OTA + RLE co-treatment counteracted both the inflammatory and OS damage through the modulation of the Nrf2 pathway.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Consiglia Longobardi, Sara Damiano, Emanuela Vaccaro, Gabriele Ballistreri, Brunella Restucci, Orlando Paciello, Salvatore Florio, Roberto Ciarcia
المصدر: Antioxidants, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 289 (2024)
مصطلحات موضوعية: anthocyanins, ochratoxin A, oxidative stress, liver, red orange and lemon extract, hepatotoxicity, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
الوصف: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a highly potent mycotoxin that contaminates many kinds of food and feed sources. Its significant impact on human health and animal productivity makes it a topic of particular concern. The role of specific bioactive compounds used as dietary antioxidants is believed to be substantial due to their capacity to act as free radical scavengers. Because of the well-known oxidative stress induced by OTA, the primary objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of a standardized powder extract recovered from citrus processing waste, red orange and lemon extract (RLE), on liver damage induced by OTA in a rat model. This study aimed to examine the impact of oral administration of RLE (90 mg/kg b.w.) on hepatic function and oxidative balance in Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 6/group) treated with OTA (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) over a period of 14 days. The administration of OTA alone resulted in both biochemical changes and an imbalance in redox status in the liver. However, the use of RLE alleviated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and dramatically decreased the serum levels of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALP (alkaline phosphatase), providing evidence of its protective benefits. Based on the findings from liver histology tests, the administration of RLE resulted in mitigation of lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, steatosis, and necrosis in the OTA group. These results indicate that the novel phytoextract RLE holds potential for application in the field of nutraceuticals.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Sara Damiano, Consiglia Longobardi, Angela Salzano, Livia D’Angelo, Margherita Amenta, Aristide Maggiolino, Pasquale De Palo, Salvatore Claps, Domenico Rufrano, Francesco Iannaccone, Roberta Matera, Roberto Ciarcia
المصدر: Italian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 934-942 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: red orange and lemon extract, flavonoids, oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory status, lambs, Animal culture, SF1-1100
الوصف: Oxidative stress causes several pathological conditions in farm animals by inducing a reduction in animal welfare and production with major economic losses for livestock. The standardised phytoextract obtained by red orange and lemon processing has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study we have investigated whether treating lambs for 40 days with red orange and lemon extract (RLE) was able to prevent the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, typically in newborn period. For this purpose, at the end of treatment, redox status was assessed in plasma using oxidative stress markers: malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities. Moreover, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in urine was measured as a biomarker of DNA damage and finally, the markers of inflammatory status, interleukin (IL) 1β and 6, were measured in plasma by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that RLE-treated lambs improved antioxidant mechanisms as demonstrated by the increase in SOD, CAT and GPx activities and, furthermore, a significant reduction in oxidative stress-induced damage was demonstrated through MDA and 8-OHdG measurements. Moreover, RLE was also able to prevent the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration, such as IL- 1 β and IL 6. Results showed in the present paper demonstrate the potential beneficial effects of the RLE in lambs.HIGHLIGHTS Oxidative stress causes economic loss and welfare impairment in livestock. Several oxidative markers can be used to assess the redox status in plasma. The activity of some antioxidant enzymes increased in RLE treated lambs. A reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines was recorded in RLE treated lambs.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Gianmarco Ferrara, Consiglia Longobardi, Sara Damiano, Roberto Ciarcia, Ugo Pagnini, Serena Montagnaro
المصدر: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol 10 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: FeHV-1, autophagy, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, autophagy inhibitors, autophagy modulation, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
الوصف: FeHV-1 is the causative agent of infectious rhinotracheitis in cats. The relationship between viral infection and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, as well as its function in crucial physiological processes like as autophagy, apoptosis or the IFN induction cascade is known for other varicelloviruses. However, there is no information on whether autophagy is activated during FeHV-1 infection nor on how this infection modifies PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In this work, we aim to elucidate the involvement of this pathway during cytolytic infection by FeHV-1 in permissive cell lines. Using a phenotypic approach, the expression of proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was examined by Western blot analysis. The findings demonstrated the lack of modifications in relation to viral dose (except for phospho-mTOR), whereas there were changes in the expression of several markers in relation to time as well as a mismatch in the time of activation of this axis. These results suggest that FeHV-1 may interact independently with different autophagic signaling pathways. In addition, we found an early phosphorylation of Akt, approximately 3 h after infection, without a concomitant decrease in constitutive Akt. This result suggests a possible role for this axis in viral entry. In a second phase, the use of early autophagy inhibitors was examined for viral yield, cytotoxic effects, viral glycoprotein expression, and autophagy markers and resulted in inefficient inhibition of viral replication (12 h post-infection for LY294002 and 48 h post-infection for 3-methyladenine). The same markers were examined during Akt knockdown, and we observed no differences in viral replication. This result could be explained by the presence of a protein kinase in the FeHV-1 genome (encoded by the Us3 gene) that can phosphorylate various Akt substrates as an Akt surrogate, as has already been demonstrated in genetically related viruses (HSV-1, PRV, etc.). For the same reasons, the use of LY294002 at the beginning of infection did not affect FeHV-1-mediated Akt phosphorylation. Our findings highlight changes in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway during FeHV-1 infection, although further research is needed to understand the importance of these changes and how they affect cellular processes and viral propagation.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1157350/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2297-1769Test
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6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Teresa Silvestri, Lucia Grumetto, Ilaria Neri, Maria De Falco, Sossio Fabio Graziano, Sara Damiano, Daniela Giaquinto, Lucianna Maruccio, Paolo de Girolamo, Fabrizio Villapiano, Roberto Ciarcia, Laura Mayol, Marco Biondi
المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 19, p 14523 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: nanoparticles (NPs), in vivo, biodistribution, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), poloxamers, polymeric blend, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
الوصف: This study aimed to examine the impact of different surface properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (P NPs) and PLGA-Poloxamer nanoparticles (PP NPs) on their in vivo biodistribution. For this purpose, NPs were formulated via nanoprecipitation and loaded with diphenylhexatriene (DPH), a fluorescent dye. The obtained NPs underwent comprehensive characterization, encompassing their morphology, technological attributes, DPH release rate, and thermodynamic properties. The produced NPs were then administered to wild-type mice via intraperitoneal injection, and, at scheduled time intervals, the animals were euthanized. Blood samples, as well as the liver, lungs, and kidneys, were extracted for histological examination and biodistribution analysis. The findings of this investigation revealed that the presence of poloxamers led to smaller NP sizes and induced partial crystallinity in the NPs. The biodistribution and histological results from in vivo experiments evidenced that both, P and PP NPs, exhibited comparable concentrations in the bloodstream, while P NPs could not be detected in the other organs examined. Conversely, PP NPs were primarily sequestered by the lungs and, to a lesser extent, by the kidneys. Future research endeavors will focus on investigating the behavior of drug-loaded NPs in pathological animal models.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14523Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test
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7دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Sara Damiano, Consiglia Longobardi, Gianmarco Ferrara, Nadia Piscopo, Lorenzo Riccio, Valeria Russo, Valentina Meucci, Lucia De Marchi, Luigi Esposito, Salvatore Florio, Roberto Ciarcia
المصدر: Antioxidants, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 1748 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Zearalenone, wild boar, oxidative stress, liver, kidney, muscle, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
الوصف: Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi belonging to the genera Fusarium spp. and commonly found in feed and food. It is frequently related to reproductive disorders in farm animals and, occasionally, to hyperestrogenic syndromes in humans. Nowadays, knowledge about ZEN effects on wild boars (Sus scrofa) is extremely scarce, despite the fact that they represent one of the most hunted game species in Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate how ZEN affects the liver, kidney, and muscle oxidative status and morphology of wild boars hunted in various locations throughout the province of Avellino, Campania Region, Southern Italy, during the 2021–2022 hunting season. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were assessed by colorimetric assays; tissue morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s stains. Our data showed that ZEN contamination might result in oxidative stress (OS) and some histopathological alterations in wild boars’ livers and kidneys rather than in muscles, emphasizing the importance of developing a wildlife monitoring and management strategy for dealing not only with the problem of ZEN but the surveillance of mycotoxins in general.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Valentina Longobardi, Giovanni della Valle, Francesco Iannaccone, Alfonso Calabria, Gabriele Di Vuolo, Sara Damiano, Roberto Ciarcia, Bianca Gasparrini
المصدر: Italian Journal of Animal Science, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 2095-2101 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: buffalo, sperm, crocin, oxidative stress, Animal culture, SF1-1100
الوصف: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of crocin on frozen-thawed sperm quality in buffalo. Spermatozoa were incubated in Tyrode’s Albumin Lactate Pyruvate medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM crocin for 2 h. Sperm motility was evaluated by phase-contrast microscopy, viability and acrosome integrity by Trypan blue Giemsa staining, and membrane functional integrity by the hypoosmotic swelling test. The DNA fragmentation was evaluated by Tunel and ROS levels by spectrofluorometric analysis. The treatment with 2 mM of crocin increased (P
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Consiglia Longobardi, Sara Damiano, Gianmarco Ferrara, Serena Montagnaro, Valentina Meucci, Luigi Intorre, Samanta Bacci, Luigi Esposito, Nadia Piscopo, Antonio Rubino, Antonio Raffaele, Salvatore Florio, Roberto Ciarcia
المصدر: Toxins, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 56 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Zearalenone, α-Zearalenol, β-Zearalenol, wild boar, HPLC-FLD, Medicine
الوصف: Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by the fungi of the Fusarium genera, and is a contaminant of cereals and plant products. ZEN and its metabolites are considered endocrine disruptors, and could have various toxic effects on animals and humans. In recent years, there has been a significant demographic increase in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in many mountainous and hilly areas of Italy, including the Campania region, mainly due to global climate change. The wild boar can be defined as a generalist and omnivorous species capable of varying its diet; therefore, it can play a role as an environmental bioindicator towards contaminants such as mycotoxins. This study was conducted to evaluate, for the first time, the concentrations of ZEN and its metabolites in the liver, kidney, and muscle of 82 wild boars shot in their habitat by hunters with hunting permits in different localities of Avellino province (Campania region, Southern Italy) from 2021 to 2022. The samples were collected and analyzed with an SPE clean-up and high-pressure liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection. The results indicated that ZEN and α-Zearalenol were present in most of the samples, suggesting that a plan to monitor these mycoestrogens is essential to achieve the goals of “One Health”.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Roberto Ciarcia, Consiglia Longobardi, Gianmarco Ferrara, Serena Montagnaro, Emanuela Andretta, Francesco Pagnini, Salvatore Florio, Lucianna Maruccio, Chiara Lauritano, Sara Damiano
المصدر: Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 23, p 8270 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Skeletonema marinoi, leukemia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
الوصف: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease that activates multiple signaling pathways, causing cells to produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major generator of ROS in leukemia, and marine natural products have shown promising activities for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the marine microalga Skeletonema marinoi (S.M.), a ubiquitous diatom that forms massive blooms in the oceans, on the human leukemia cell line K562. The effects of S.M. extract on cell viability, production of ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and apoptosis were examined. In this preliminary work, S.M. was able to decrease cell viability (p < 0.05) and increase apoptosis levels (p < 0.05) in K562 cells after 48 h of treatment. In addition, the levels of NOX, NO, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced in K562-treated cells (p < 0.05), whereas the levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx increased during treatment (p < 0.05). Finally, analyzing Bax and Bcl-2 expression, we found a significant increase in the proapoptotic protein Bax and a sustained decrease in the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 (p < 0.05) in the K562-treated cells.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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