المصدر: Chemistry & Industry. Jun2024, Vol. 88 Issue 6, p30-33. 4p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: RECOLLECTION (Psychology), MEMORY, EPISODIC memory

مستخلص: This article discusses the formation of memories and challenges the traditional belief that memories are formed through strengthening synaptic connections between neurons. It highlights the case of Henry Gustav Molaison, who lost the ability to form new memories after brain surgery, leading to the discovery of the role of the hippocampus in memory formation. The article also presents studies suggesting that memories can persist even after synaptic connections are erased, indicating the involvement of other mechanisms in memory storage. Recent research on zebrafish suggests that the number of synapses increases during the learning process, challenging the idea that synaptic strength is the primary mechanism for memory formation. Additionally, studies on non-neural organisms suggest that memory may be encoded by molecules rather than synaptic connections. However, the exact mechanisms of memory storage and retrieval remain unknown. [Extracted from the article]

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المؤلفون: Colonnelli, Emanuele¹ (AUTHOR) emanuele.colonnelli@chicagobooth.edu, Gormsen, Niels Joachim¹ (AUTHOR), McQuade, Tim² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Review of Economic Studies. May2024, Vol. 91 Issue 3, p1498-1536. 39p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SOCIAL responsibility of business, *BIG business, *CORPORATE communications, *CORPORATIONS, *FINANCIAL bailouts, RECOLLECTION (Psychology)

مستخلص: We study how perceptions of corporate responsibility influence policy preferences and the effectiveness of corporate communication when agents have imperfect memory recall. Using a new large-scale survey of U.S. citizens on their support for corporate bailouts, we first establish that the public demands corporations to behave better within society, a sentiment we label "big business discontent." Using random variation in the order of survey sections and in the exposure to animated videos, we then show that priming respondents to think about corporate responsibility lowers the support for bailouts. This finding suggests that big business discontent influences policy preferences. Furthermore, we find that messages which paint a positive picture of corporate responsibility can "backfire," as doing so brings attention to an aspect on which the public has negative views. In contrast, reframing corporate bailouts in terms of economic tradeoffs increases support for the policy. We develop a memory-based model of decision-making and communication to rationalize these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Bauer, Brittney C.¹ (AUTHOR), Johnson, Clark D.² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Advertising. Apr/May2023, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p300-309. 10p. 1 Chart.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *FLOW theory (Psychology), *CONSUMER attitudes, *CONSUMERS, RECOLLECTION (Psychology), PLAGIARISM

مستخلص: Cryptomnesia (i.e., inadvertent plagiarism) occurs when an individual believes that an idea from an external source is their own unique creation, and this can negatively impact marketers involved with creative activities. While several factors can influence whether an individual attends to the source of an idea during encoding and memory retrieval, cryptomnesia has been surprisingly overlooked within an advertising context. The purpose of this research note is to introduce the concept of cryptomnesia to advertising, explore cultural distance as a previously untested antecedent, and examine the effect of cryptomnesia on consumer evaluations. We conduct three experiments that provide evidence for how greater cultural distance is associated with increased cryptomnesia in advertising—although being in a flow state can attenuate this effect—resulting in decreased consumer attitudes, cognitions, and behavioral intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Anthony, Kristine¹ (AUTHOR), Wong, Hoo Keat¹ (AUTHOR), Lim, Alfred^1,2 (AUTHOR), Sow, Farrah¹ (AUTHOR), Janssen, Steve MJ¹ (AUTHOR) steve.janssen@nottingham.edu.my

المصدر: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. Mar2024, Vol. 77 Issue 3, p447-460. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: VISUAL memory, RECOLLECTION (Psychology), AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL memory, DUAL-task paradigm, MENTAL representation, SHORT-term memory

مستخلص: The retrieval of autobiographical memories involves the construction of mental representations of past personal events. Many researchers examining the processes underlying memory retrieval argue that visual imagery plays a fundamental role. Other researchers, however, have argued that working memory is an integral component involved in memory retrieval. The goal of this study was to resolve these conflicting arguments by comparing the relative contributions of visual imagery and working memory during the retrieval of autobiographical memories in a dual-task paradigm. While following a moving dot, viewing a dynamic visual noise (DVN), or viewing a blank screen, 95 participants recalled their memories and subsequently rated them on different memory characteristics. The results suggest that inhibiting visual imagery by having participants view DVN merely delayed memory retrieval but did not affect the phenomenological quality of the memories retrieved. Taxations to the working memory by having participants follow a moving dot, on the contrary, resulted in only longer retrieval latencies and no reductions in the specificity, vividness, or the emotional intensity of the memories retrieved. Whereas the role of visual imagery during retrieval is clear, future studies could further examine the role of working memory during retrieval by administering a task that is less difficult or by recruiting a larger sample than this study. The results of this study seem to suggest that both visual imagery and working memory play a role during the retrieval of autobiographical memory, but more research needs to be conducted to determine their exact roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Mickan, Anne^1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Slesareva, Ekaterina³ (AUTHOR), McQueen, James M^1,3 (AUTHOR), Lemhöfer, Kristin³ (AUTHOR) kristin.lemhofer@donders.ru.nl

المصدر: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. Mar2024, Vol. 77 Issue 3, p530-550. 21p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: LANGUAGE & languages, RECOLLECTION (Psychology), NATIVE language, TRADITIONAL knowledge, LANGUAGE attrition, ENGLISH language

مستخلص: Anecdotal evidence suggests that learning a new foreign language (FL) makes you forget previously learned FLs. To seek empirical evidence for this claim, we tested whether learning words in a previously unknown L3 hampers subsequent retrieval of their L2 translation equivalents. In two experiments, Dutch native speakers with knowledge of English (L2), but not Spanish (L3), first completed an English vocabulary test, based on which 46 participant-specific, known English words were chosen. Half of those were then learned in Spanish. Finally, participants' memory for all 46 English words was probed again in a picture naming task. In Experiment 1, all tests took place within one session. In Experiment 2, we separated the English pre-test from Spanish learning by a day and manipulated the timing of the English post-test (immediately after learning vs. 1 day later). By separating the post-test from Spanish learning, we asked whether consolidation of the new Spanish words would increase their interference strength. We found significant main effects of interference in naming latencies and accuracy: Participants speeded up less and were less accurate to recall words in English for which they had learned Spanish translations, compared with words for which they had not. Consolidation time did not significantly affect these interference effects. Thus, learning a new language indeed comes at the cost of subsequent retrieval ability in other FLs. Such interference effects set in immediately after learning and do not need time to emerge, even when the other FL has been known for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Guitard, Dominic¹ (AUTHOR), Miller, Leonie M² (AUTHOR), Neath, Ian³ (AUTHOR), Roodenrys, Steven² (AUTHOR) steven@uow.edu.au

المصدر: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. Feb2024, Vol. 77 Issue 2, p298-307. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: NEIGHBORHOODS, RECOLLECTION (Psychology)

مستخلص: A growing number of studies have shown that on serial recall tests, words with more orthographic/phonological neighbours are better recalled than otherwise comparable words with fewer neighbours, the so-called neighbourhood size effect. Greeno et al. replicated this result when using a large stimulus pool but found a reverse neighbourhood size effect—better recall of words with fewer rather than more neighbours—when using a small stimulus pool. We report three registered experiments that further examine the role of set size in the neighbourhood size effect. Experiment 1 used the large pool from Greeno et al. and replicated their finding of a large-neighbourhood advantage. Experiment 2 used the small pool from Greeno et al. but found no difference in recall between the large and small neighbourhood conditions. Experiment 3 also used a small pool but the small pool was randomly generated for each subject from the large pool used in Experiment 1. This resulted in a typical large neighbourhood advantage. We suggest that set size is not critical to the direction of the neighbourhood size effect, with a large neighbourhood advantage appearing with both small and large pools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Lee, Seungjin¹ (AUTHOR) sjmagiclife@gmail.com

المصدر: Current Psychology. Apr2024, Vol. 43 Issue 13, p11952-11960. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: TEMPERAMENT, RECOLLECTION (Psychology), CONTROL (Psychology), AGE groups, AGE

مصطلحات جغرافية: SEOUL (Korea), SOUTH Korea

مستخلص: This study explored the relationship between rapport-building and child temperament, and the effect of rapport-building style on children's free recall and suggestibility. In total, 80 (4–9 years old) living in the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea were randomly assigned to two groups based on age and rapport-building style. Children's free recall accuracy was more pronounced in the open-ended than in the direct rapport-building condition, regardless of age. In terms of suggestibility, children were more vulnerable to suggestive questions in the direct condition compared to the open-ended condition. The impact of rapport-building type on suggestibility also varied with child temperament and age. Younger children with higher negative emotionality were more susceptible to suggestive questions in the direct condition than in the open-ended condition, and younger children with lower effortful control were more vulnerable to suggestive questions in the direct condition. The importance of considering children's personal characteristics and age during investigative interviews was emphasized based on these findings, as the role of rapport-building appears to differ with child temperament and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Lee, Seungjin¹ (AUTHOR) sjmagiclife@gmail.com

المصدر: Current Psychology. Mar2024, Vol. 43 Issue 12, p11243-11253. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: CHILDHOOD attitudes, RECOLLECTION (Psychology), CAREGIVERS, ANXIETY, INTERVIEWERS

مستخلص: This study investigated the effects of parental support and interviewer attitude on children's free recall of and resistance to suggestive information based on their anxiety level. Ninety children aged 5–8 years were randomly assigned to conditions with or without parental and interviewer support. The results showed that the group with interviewer and parental support exhibited greater free recall and fewer false responses than the group without such support. The impact of parental support depended on the presence or absence of interviewer support and the child's anxiety level. Specifically, for children with lower anxiety levels, free recall was higher when interviewer support was provided (with or without parental support). For children with higher anxiety, parental support was beneficial only when interviewer support was provided. These findings indicated that interviewer and parental support may be particularly important during investigative interviews with children who display high levels of anxiety. The findings offer a foundation for experts in the field who oversee investigative interviews with children, appearing to increase in number annually, and can also provide useful insights for legal experts and field practitioners who review children's statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Rossi-Arnaud, Clelia¹ (AUTHOR) clelia.rossi-arnaud@uniroma1.it, Spataro, Pietro² (AUTHOR), Santirocchi, Alessandro¹ (AUTHOR), Pesola, Maria Chiara¹ (AUTHOR), Costantini, Laura¹ (AUTHOR), Cestari, Vincenzo¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Current Psychology. Feb2024, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p5703-5715. 13p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: RECOLLECTION (Psychology), FALSE memory syndrome, TELEMATICS

مستخلص: Previous studies demonstrated the positive and negative effects of collaboration on memory (both veridical and false recall) and suggestibility in face-to-face contexts. However, it remains unclear whether the same results can be observed in a virtual context. To clarify this issue, the present study examined the performance of 10 nominal triads and 10 collaborative triads in a fully online setting. Participants interacted live, in videoconference and were tested with the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS) and the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task. For the GSS, the results replicated the in-person pattern of results, with collaborative triads showing the standard inhibition effect in the immediate and delayed (after 24 h) recall tasks; in addition, collaborative triads were less suggestible than nominal triads. For the DRM, we likewise found that collaboration decreased the recall and recognition of both studied items (the standard inhibitory effect) and critical lures (the error-pruning effect). We therefore conclude that remembering in a virtual context exhibits the same general properties as its in-person counterpart, at least when using a videoconference setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Reeck, Crystal¹ (AUTHOR) crystal.reeck@temple.edu, LaBar, Kevin S.^2,3 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Cognition & Emotion. Feb2024, Vol. 38 Issue 1, p131-147. 17p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: RECOLLECTION (Psychology), LONG-term memory, RETRIEVAL practice, PROCESS capability, MEMORY testing, MEMORY

مستخلص: Long-term memory manages its contents to facilitate adaptive behaviour, amplifying representations of information relevant to current goals and expediting forgetting of information that competes with relevant memory traces. Both mnemonic selection and inhibition maintain congruence between the contents of long-term memory and an organism's priorities. However, the capacity of these processes to modulate affective mnemonic representations remains ambiguous. Three empirical experiments investigated the consequences of mnemonic selection and inhibition on affectively charged and neutral mnemonic representations using an adapted retrieval practice paradigm. Participants encoded neutral cue words and affectively negative or neutral associates and then selectively retrieved a subset of these associates multiple times. The consequences of selection and inhibitory processes engaged during selective retrieval were evaluated on a final memory test in which recall for all studied associates was probed. Analyses of memory recall indicated that both affectively neutral and negative mnemonic representations experienced similar levels of enhancement and impairment following selective retrieval, demonstrating the susceptibility of affectively salient memories to these mnemonic processes. These findings indicate that although affective memories may be more strongly encoded in memory, they remain amenable to inhibition and flexibly adaptable to the evolving needs of the organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Cognition & Emotion is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)