المؤلفون: Kerstin Thol, Piotr Pawlik, Nicholas McGranahan

المصدر: Genome Medicine, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Tumour evolution, Immunotherapy, Immune evasion, Anti-cancer treatment, Medicine, Genetics, QH426-470

الوصف: Abstract Cancer development is an evolutionary process. A key selection pressure is exerted by therapy, one of the few players in cancer evolution that can be controlled. As such, an understanding of how treatment acts to sculpt the tumour and its microenvironment and how this influences a tumour’s subsequent evolutionary trajectory is critical. In this review, we examine cancer evolution and intra-tumour heterogeneity in the context of therapy. We focus on how radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy shape both tumour development and the environment in which tumours evolve and how resistance can develop or be selected for during treatment.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1756-994XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/2b0afa506c4d46b3a376ebc5cbd3d3e4Test

المؤلفون: Piotr Józef Olbromski, Anna Bogacz, Marta Bukowska, Adam Kamiński, Rafał Moszyński, Piotr Pawlik, Anna Szeliga, Katarzyna Kotrych, Bogusław Czerny

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 22, p 16309 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: ovarian cancer, gene expression, biomarkers, protein expression, single-nucleotide polymorphism, individualized therapy, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the biggest problems in gynecological oncology and is one of the most lethal cancers in women worldwide. Most patients with OC are diagnosed at an advanced stage; therefore, there is an urgent need to find new biomarkers for this disease. Gene expression profiling is proving to be a very effective tool for exploring new molecular markers for OC patients, although the relationship between such markers and patient survival and clinical outcomes is still elusive. Moreover, polymorphisms in genes encoding both apoptosis-associated proteins and oncoproteins may serve as key markers of cancer susceptibility. The aim of our study was to analyze the polymorphisms and expressions of the BCL2, BAX and c-MYC genes in a group of 198 women, including 98 with OC. The polymorphisms and mRNA expressions of the BCL2, BAX and c-MYC genes were analyzed using real-time PCR. The analysis of the BAX (rs4645878; G>A) and c-MYC (rs4645943; C>T) polymorphisms showed no association with ovarian cancer risk. The BCL2 polymorphism (rs2279115; C>A) showed a significant difference in the frequency of genotypes between the studied groups (CC: 23.47% vs. 16.00%, AA: 25.51% vs. 37.00%; p = 0.046; OR = 1.61). Furthermore, the expression levels of the BCL2 and c-MYC genes showed a decrease at the transcript level for OC patients compared to the control group (BCL2: 17.46% ± 3.26 vs. 100% ± 8.32; p < 0.05; c-MYC: 37.56% ± 8.16 vs. 100% ± 9.12; p < 0.05). No significant changes in the mRNA level were observed for the BAX gene (104.36% ± 9.26 vs. 100% ± 9.44; p > 0.05). A similar relationship was demonstrated in the case of the protein expressions of the studied genes. These findings suggest that the CC genotype and C allele of the BCL2 polymorphism could be genetic risk factors for OC development. A gene expression analysis indicated that BCL2 and c-MYC are associated with OC risk.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16309Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/550ad4333176407aa202877842548e02Test

المؤلفون: Piotr Pawlik, Barbara Błasiak, Marcin Pruba, Arkadiusz Miaskowski, Oskar Moraczyński, Justyna Miszczyk, Boguslaw Tomanek, Joanna Depciuch

المصدر: Materials, Vol 16, Iss 19, p 6483 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: aerosol-based synthesis technique, TEM microstructure, Mössbauer spectroscopy, MTS assay, holotomography, MRI studies, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85

الوصف: This work is aimed at presenting a novel aerosol-based technique for the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and to assess the potential medical application of their dispersions after being coated with TEA-oleate. Refinement of the processing conditions led to the formation of monodispersed NPs with average sizes of ∼5–6 nm and narrow size distribution (FWHM of ∼3 nm). The NPs were coated with Triethanolammonium oleate (TEA-oleate) to stabilize them in water dispersion. This allowed obtaining the dispersion, which does not sediment for months, although TEM and DLS studies have shown the formation of small agglomerates of NPs. The different behaviors of cancer and normal cell lines in contact with NPs indicated the diverse mechanisms of their interactions with Fe3O4 NPs. Furthermore, the studies allowed assessment of the prospective theranostic application of magnetite NPs obtained using the aerosol-based technique, particularly magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/19/6483Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a41904fca67e4d8dad9d23ef7b6558aeTest

المؤلفون: Piotr Pawlik, Grażyna Kurzawińska, Marcin Ożarowski, Hubert Wolski, Krzysztof Piątek, Radosław Słopień, Stefan Sajdak, Piotr Olbromski, Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 16, p 12574 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: polymorphism, MTHFR, MTR, MTHFD, gynecologic cancers, depression, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: We investigated the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (gene MTHFR 677C>T, rs1801133), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR 2756A>G, rs1805087), and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 (gene MTHFD1 1958G>A, rs2236225)—well-studied functional variants involved in one-carbon metabolism—and gynecologic cancer risk, and the interaction between these polymorphisms and depression. A total of 200 gynecologic cancer cases and 240 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study. Three single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) (rs1801133, rs1805087, rs2236225) were genotyped using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Depression was assessed in all patients using the Hamilton Depression Scale. Depression was statistically significantly more frequent in women with gynecologic cancers (69.5% vs. 34.2% in controls, p < 0.001). MTHFD1 rs2236225 was associated with an increased risk of gynecologic cancers (in dominant OR = 1.53, p = 0.033, and in log-additive models OR = 1.37, p = 0.024). Moreover, an association was found between depression risk and MTHFR rs1801133 genotypes in the controls but not in women with gynecologic cancers (in codominant model CC vs. TT: OR = 3.39, 95%: 1.49–7.74, p = 0.011). Cancers of the female reproductive system are associated with the occurrence of depression, and ovarian cancer may be associated with the rs2236225 variant of the MTHFD1 gene. In addition, in healthy aging women in the Polish population, the rs1801133 variant of the MTHFR gene is associated with depression.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/16/12574Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6514ab62b82c46a3aaa50b80b11b2979Test

المؤلفون: Sanja Bojic, Alex Murray, Barry L. Bentley, Ralf Spindler, Piotr Pawlik, José L. Cordeiro, Roman Bauer, João Pedro de Magalhães

المصدر: BMC Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cryobiology, Organ banking, Freezing, Vitrification, Biostasis, Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Abstract The preservative effects of low temperature on biological materials have been long recognised, and cryopreservation is now widely used in biomedicine, including in organ transplantation, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. The lack of organs for transplantation constitutes a major medical challenge, stemming largely from the inability to preserve donated organs until a suitable recipient is found. Here, we review the latest cryopreservation methods and applications. We describe the main challenges—scaling up to large volumes and complex tissues, preventing ice formation and mitigating cryoprotectant toxicity—discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods and outline prospects for the future of the field.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1741-7007Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/78a2f91676ee400b84d1e532c0a3781cTest

المؤلفون: Piotr Józef Olbromski, Piotr Pawlik, Anna Bogacz, Stefan Sajdak

المصدر: Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 13, p 3888 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: ovarian cancer, gene expression, biomarkers, protein expression, Medicine

الوصف: Ovarian cancer is a common cause of death among women worldwide. The current diagnostic and prognostic procedures available for the treatment of ovarian cancer are either not specific or are very expensive. Gene expression profiling has proved to be a very effective tool in the exploration of new molecular markers in patients with ovarian cancer, although the link between such markers and patient survival and clinical outcomes is still elusive. We are looking for genes that may function in the development and progression of ovarian cancer. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of selected suppressor genes (ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2), proto-oncogenes (KRAS, c-JUN, c-FOS), pro-apoptotic genes (NOXA, PUMA), genes related to chromatin remodeling (MEN1), and genes related to carcinogenesis (NOD2, CHEK2, EGFR). Tissue samples from 30 normal ovaries and 60 ovarian carcinoma tumors were provided for analysis of the gene and protein expression. Gene expression analysis was performed using the real-time PCR method. The protein concentrations from tissue homogenates were determined using the ELISA technique according to the manufacturers’ protocols. An increase in the expression level of mRNA and protein in women with ovarian cancer was observed for KRAS, c-FOS, PUMA, and EGFR. No significant changes in the transcriptional levels we observed for BRCA1, BRCA2, NOD2, or CHEK2. In conclusion, we suggest that KRAS, NOXA, PUMA, c-FOS, and c-JUN may be associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3888Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f3bf0fc432b24d1492eb6ec0a9781598Test

المؤلفون: Katarzyna Filipecka, Piotr Pawlik, Andrzej Kozdraś, Waldemar Kaszuwara, Jarosław Ferenc, Jacek Filipecki

المصدر: Materials, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 2229 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: rare earth, permanent magnets, rapid solidification, magnetic properties, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85

الوصف: The aim of the present work was to investigate an influence of W addition on the phase constitution, microstructure and magnetic properties of the Pr9Fe65WxB26-x (where: x = 2, 4, 6, 8) alloy ribbons. Ribbons were obtained using the melt-spinning technique under low pressure of Ar. The as-cast samples were fully amorphous and revealed soft magnetic properties. These facts were confirmed by X-ray diffractometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. Differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis allowed us to determine the thermal stability parameters of the amorphous phase. The Kissinger plots were constructed in order to calculate the activation energies for crystallization. Heat treatment carried out at various temperatures caused changes in the phase constitution and magnetic properties of the alloys. The phase analysis has shown the presence of the hard magnetic Pr2Fe14B and paramagnetic Pr1+xFe4B4 phases. Additionally, for the x = 2 and x = 6 alloys, a crystallization of soft magnetic Fe2B and α-Fe phases was observed. The Mössbauer spectroscopy allowed us to determine the volume fractions of constituent phases formed during annealing. The microstructure of annealed ribbons was observed using transmission electron microscopy.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/10/2229Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f37eb03dfc4146a1afe220e8436ef500Test

المؤلفون: Katarzyna Pawlik, Piotr Pawlik, Jerzy J. Wysłocki, Waldemar Kaszuwara

المصدر: Materials, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1515 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: bulk metallic glasses, hard magnetic materials, re-fe-b magnets, rapid solidification, devitrification annealing, rietveld analysis, magnetic properties, miniature magnets, bulk nanostructured magnets, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85

الوصف: In the present study, the phase constitution, microstructure and magnetic properties of the nanocrystalline magnets, derived from fully amorphous or partially crystalline samples by annealing, were analyzed and compared. The melt-spun ribbons (with a thickness of ~30 µm) and suction-cast 0.5 mm and 1 mm thick plates of the Pr9Fe50Co13Zr1Nb4B23 alloy were soft magnetic in the as-cast state. In order to modify their magnetic properties, the annealing process was carried out at various temperatures from 923K to 1033K for 5 min. The Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns combined with the partial or no known crystal structures (PONKCS) method allowed one to quantify the component phases and calculate their crystalline grain sizes. It was shown that the volume fraction of constituent phases and their crystallite sizes for the samples annealed at a particular temperature, dependent on the rapid solidification conditions, and thus a presence or absence of the crystallization nuclei in the as-cast state. Additionally, a thermomagnetic analysis was used as a complementary method to confirm the phase constitution. The hysteresis loops have shown that most of the samples exhibit a remanence enhancement typical for the soft/hard magnetic nanocomposite. Moreover, for the plates annealed at the lowest temperatures, the highest coercivities up to ~1150 kA/m were measured.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/7/1515Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a841f25ab32a42edb27f70df9d5a3a4bTest

المؤلفون: Andriy V. Kityk (14390934), Marcjan Nowak (14390937), Manuela Reben (13930332), Piotr Pawlik (12906233), Monika Lelonek (14390940), Anatoliy Andrushchak (14390943), Yaroslav Shchur (14390946), Nazariy Andrushchak (14390949), Patrick Huber (1499539)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Physics (arXiv), physics.optics (arXiv), cond-mat.mes-hall (arXiv), cond-mat.mtrl-sci (arXiv), cond-mat.soft (arXiv), physics.app-ph (arXiv)

الوصف: Photonic metamaterials with properties unattainable in base materials are already beginning to revolutionize optical component design. However, their exceptional characteristics are often static, as artificially engineered into the material during the fabrication process. This limits their application for in-operando adjustable optical devices and active optics in general. Here, for a hybrid material consisting of a liquid crystal-infused nanoporous solid, we demonstrate active and dynamic control of its meta-optics by applying alternating electric fields parallel to the long axes of its cylindrical pores. First-harmonic Pockels and second-harmonic Kerr birefringence responses, strongly depending on the excitation frequency- and temperature, are observed in a frequency range from 50 Hz to 50 kHz. This peculiar behavior is quantitatively traced by a Landau-De Gennes free energy analysis to an order-disorder orientational transition of the rod-like mesogens and intimately related changes in the molecular mobilities and polar anchoring at the solid walls on the single-pore, meta-atomic scale. Thus, our study evidences that liquid crystal-infused nanopores exhibit integrated multi-physical couplings and reversible phase changes that make them particularly promising for the design of photonic metamaterials with thermo-electrically tunable birefringence in the emerging field of spacetime metamaterials aiming at a full spatio-temporal control of light.

العلاقة: https://figshare.com/articles/preprint/Dynamic_Kerr_and_Pockels_Electro-Optics_of_Liquid_Crystals_in_Nanopores_for_Active_Photonic_Metamaterials/21874401Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.01363Test

المؤلفون: Roman Bauer, João Pedro de Magalhães, Alex Murray, Sanja Bojic, Ralf Spindler, Piotr Pawlik, José L. Cordeiro, Barry Bentley

المساهمون: de Magalhães, João Pedro [0000-0002-6363-2465], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

المصدر: BMC Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2021)
BMC BIOLOGY
BMC Biology

مصطلحات موضوعية: Physiology, Review, Plant Science, Biology, Regenerative medicine, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cryopreservation, 03 medical and health sciences, Cryobiology, Cryoprotective Agents, 0302 clinical medicine, Structural Biology, Freezing, Organ banking, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Ice formation, Biostasis, Cell Biology, Vitrification, Biological materials, Transplantation, Risk analysis (engineering), lcsh:Biology (General), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biotechnology

الوصف: The preservative effects of low temperature on biological materials have been long recognised, and cryopreservation is now widely used in biomedicine, including in organ transplantation, regenerative medicine and drug discovery. The lack of organs for transplantation constitutes a major medical challenge, stemming largely from the inability to preserve donated organs until a suitable recipient is found. Here, we review the latest cryopreservation methods and applications. We describe the main challenges—scaling up to large volumes and complex tissues, preventing ice formation and mitigating cryoprotectant toxicity—discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods and outline prospects for the future of the field.

وصف الملف: application/pdf; text/xml

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::763c36a980114b8061984466d256e18dTest
https://doaj.org/article/78a2f91676ee400b84d1e532c0a3781cTest