المؤلفون: Mohaddab, Marouane, Fakiri Malika, El-Goumi Younes, Burgeon, Clément, Genva, Manon, Fauconnier, Marie-Laure

المصدر: International Symposium on Crop Protection, 21 Mai 2024

مصطلحات موضوعية: Capparis spinosa, callogenesis, phytohormones, secondary metabolites., Life sciences, Biotechnology, Sciences du vivant, Biotechnologie

الوصف: Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a well-recognized medicinal plant in the Mediterranean region which holds significant interest due to its medicinal, pharmacological, and culinary properties. Up to now, numerous bioactive phytochemical compounds have been isolated and identified from different parts of this plant (aerial part, roots, seeds), making it a valuable source of molecules for the pharmaceutical industry (Sun et ., 2023). Plant metabolites are also increasingly used for agronomic purposes as they can display interesting properties, and notably insecticidal and herbicidal activities. However, the extensive use of these metabolites has prompted the need to enhance their production. The utilization of biotechnological tools and notably of in vitro production systems presents economic and environmental benefits for the sustainable production of these metabolites (Mohaddab et al., 2022). Specifically, callus culture emerges as a prevalent technique for the generation of biologically active compounds derived from medicinal plants (Li et al., 2022). While the production of volatile and non-volatile C. spinosa phytochemical compounds by callus culture has not been explored yet, it could avoid the complete harvesting of plant material and has a high potential for ensuring the sustainable production of these secondary metabolites. In this context, the objective of this study was to induce callus using C. spinosa leaf explants and a matrix containing two cytokinins (kinetin ”KIN” and 6-benzylaminopurine ”BAP”) along with two auxins (1-naphthaleneacetic acid “NAA” and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ”2,4-D”). We therefore conducted a comprehensive phytochemical investigation and established correlations between different hormonal concentrations applied in the culture media and the volatile and non-volatile components produced by the callus.

الوصول الحر: https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/318660Test

المؤلفون: Maxton, Ann¹, Kumar, Rohit², Kusum, Kislay², Bisht, Rakesh Singh², Masih, Sam A^{2, 1}

المصدر: Indian Journal of Agricultural Biochemistry 37(1):111-115. 2024

المؤلفون: Chieb, Maha, Gachomo, Emma

المصدر: BMC Plant Biology. 23(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Abiotic stress, Beneficial bacteria, Drought stress tolerance, PGPR, Phytohormones, Plant growth, Droughts, Plant Development, Drought Resistance, Plant Growth Regulators, Acclimatization

الوصف: Climate change has exacerbated the effects of abiotic stresses on plant growth and productivity. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress factors that interfere with plant growth and development. Plant selection and breeding as well as genetic engineering methods used to improve crop drought tolerance are expensive and time consuming. Plants use a myriad of adaptative mechanisms to cope with the adverse effects of drought stress including the association with beneficial microorganisms such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Inoculation of plant roots with different PGPR species has been shown to promote drought tolerance through a variety of interconnected physiological, biochemical, molecular, nutritional, metabolic, and cellular processes, which include enhanced plant growth, root elongation, phytohormone production or inhibition, and production of volatile organic compounds. Therefore, plant colonization by PGPR is an eco-friendly agricultural method to improve plant growth and productivity. Notably, the processes regulated and enhanced by PGPR can promote plant growth as well as enhance drought tolerance. This review addresses the current knowledge on how drought stress affects plant growth and development and describes how PGPR can trigger plant drought stress responses at the physiological, morphological, and molecular levels.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/53f5h7dzTest

المؤلفون: Po-Yi Chen, Thi Thuy Tu Nguyen, Ruey-Hua Lee, Tsai-Wen Hsu, Ming-Hong Kao, Takashi Gojobori, Tzen-Yuh Chiang, Chao-Li Huang

المصدر: BMC Genomics, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Arabidopsis thaliana, Glyphosate, Nitrogen recycling, Phytohormones, RNA-seq, Senescence, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470

الوصف: Abstract Background Whole plant senescence represents the final stage in the life cycle of annual plants, characterized by the decomposition of aging organs and transfer of nutrients to seeds, thereby ensuring the survival of next generation. However, the transcriptomic profile of vegetative organs during this death process remains to be fully elucidated, especially regarding the distinctions between natural programmed death and artificial sudden death induced by herbicide. Results Differential genes expression analysis using RNA-seq in leaves and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that natural senescence commenced in leaves at 45–52 days after planting, followed by roots initiated at 52–60 days. Additionally, both organs exhibited similarities with artificially induced senescence by glyphosate. Transcription factors Rap2.6L and WKRY75 appeared to serve as central mediators of regulatory changes during natural senescence, as indicated by co-expression networks. Furthermore, the upregulation of RRTF1, exclusively observed during natural death, suggested its role as a regulator of jasmonic acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses, potentially triggering nitrogen recycling in leaves, such as the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) shunt. Root senescence was characterized by the activation of AMT2;1 and GLN1;3, facilitating ammonium availability for root-to-shoot translocation, likely under the regulation of PDF2.1. Conclusions Our study offers valuable insights into the transcriptomic interplay between phytohormones and ROS during whole plant senescence. We observed distinct regulatory networks governing nitrogen utilization in leaf and root senescence processes. Furthermore, the efficient allocation of energy from vegetative organs to seeds emerges as a critical determinant of population sustainability of annual Arabidopsis.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/75aa8afbc1e94965a11758c674f2893aTest

المؤلفون: Ho-Jun Gam, Md. Injamum-Ul-Hoque, Yosep Kang, S. M. Ahsan, Md. Mahadi Hasan, Shifa Shaffique, Sang-Mo Kang, In-Jung Lee

المصدر: BMC Plant Biology, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Allelopathy, Allelochemical, Antioxidant activity, Phytohormones, Reactive oxygen species, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Abstract Allelopathy is a biological process in which one organism releases biochemicals that affect the growth and development of other organisms. The current investigation sought to determine the allelopathic effect of Rumex acetosella on white clover (Trifolium repens) growth and development by using its shoot extract (lower IC50 value) as a foliar treatment. Here, different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 g/L) of shoot extract from Rumex acetosella were used as treatments. With increasing concentrations of shoot extract, the plant growth parameters, chlorophyll and total protein content of Trifolium repens decreased. On the other hand, ROS, such as O2 .− and H2O2, and antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and POD, increased with increasing shoot extract concentration. A phytohormonal study indicated that increased treatment concentrations increased ABA and SA levels while JA levels were reduced. For the identification of allelochemicals, liquid‒liquid extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and open-column chromatography were conducted using R. acetosella shoot extracts, followed by a seed bioassay on the separated layer. A lower IC50 value was obtained through GC/MS analysis. gammaSitosterol was identified as the most abundant component. The shoot extract of Rumex acetosella has strong allelochemical properties that may significantly impede the growth and development of Trifolium repens. This approach could help to understand the competitive abilities of this weed species and in further research provide an alternate weed management strategy.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2229Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/2c11679e67ee44b58fa970a6da000556Test

المؤلفون: Qunwei Bai, Shurong Xuan, Wenjuan Li, Khawar Ali, Bowen Zheng, Hongyan Ren

المصدر: BMC Plant Biology, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Brassinosteroids, DET2, Gravitropism, Phytohormones, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Abstract Background Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate a wide range of developmental processes in plants. BR-associated mutants display impaired growth and response to developmental and environmental stimuli. Results Here, we found that a BR-deficient mutant det2-1 displayed abnormal root gravitropic growth in Arabidopsis, which was not present in other BR mutants. To further elucidate the role of DET2 in gravity, we performed transcriptome sequencing and analysis of det2-1 and bri1-116, bri1 null mutant allele. Expression levels of auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and other related genes in the two mutants of det2-1 and bri1-116 were basically the same. However, we only found that a large number of JAZ (JASMONATE ZIM-domain) genes and jasmonate synthesis-related genes were upregulated in det2-1 mutant, suggesting increased levels of endogenous JA. Conclusions Our results also suggested that DET2 not only plays a role in BR synthesis but may also be involved in JA regulation. Our study provides a new insight into the molecular mechanism of BRs on the root gravitropism.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2229Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/0aacbf757e80498c908d4e7ac06efbe6Test

المؤلفون: Yafang Zhang, Ning Wang, Chenggong He, Zhiping Gao, Guoxiang Chen

المصدر: BMC Plant Biology, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Transcriptome, Nitrogen application, Senescence, Phytohormones, Transcription factors, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Abstract Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world and the application of nitrogen fertilizer is an effective means of ensuring stable and high rice yields. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a decline in the quality of rice, but also leads to a series of environmental costs. Nitrogen reutilization is closely related to leaf senescence, and nitrogen deficiency will lead to early functional leaf senescence, whereas moderate nitrogen application will help to delay leaf senescence and promote the production of photosynthetic assimilation products in leaves to achieve yield increase. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism by which nitrogen affects rice senescence, to search for genes that are tolerant to low nitrogen, and to delay the premature senescence of rice functional leaves. Results The present study was investigated the transcriptional changes in flag leaves between full heading and mature grain stages of rice (O. sativa) sp. japonica ‘NanGeng 5718’ under varying nitrogen (N) application: 0 kg/ha (no nitrogen; 0N), 240 kg/ha (moderate nitrogen; MN), and 300 kg/ha (high nitrogen; HN). Compared to MN condition, a total of 10427 and 8177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in 0N and HN, respectively. We selected DEGs with opposite expression trends under 0N and HN conditions for GO and KEGG analyses to reveal the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen response involving DEGs. We confirmed that different N applications caused reprogramming of plant hormone signal transduction, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and photosynthesis pathways in regulating leaf senescence. Most DEGs of the jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and salicylic acid metabolic pathways were up-regulated under 0N condition, whereas DEGs related to cytokinin and ascorbate metabolic pathways were induced in HN. Major transcription factors include ERF, WRKY, NAC and bZIP TF families have similar expression patterns which were induced under N starvation condition. Conclusion Our results revealed that different nitrogen levels regulate rice leaf senescence mainly by affecting hormone levels and ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid and salicylic acid promote early leaf senescence under low nitrogen condition, ethylene and ascorbate delay senescence under high nitrogen condition. In addition, ERF, WRKY, NAC and bZIP TF families promote early leaf senescence. The relevant genes can be used as candidate genes for the regulation of senescence. The results will provide gene reference for further genomic studies and new insights into the gene functions, pathways and transcription factors of N level regulates leaf senescence in rice, thereby improving NUE and reducing the adverse effects of over-application of N.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2229Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/67040ef31db148349ff4082c4d971721Test

المؤلفون: Hao Yu, Weimin Li, Xiaoxiao Liu, Qianqian Song, Junjun Li, Jin Xu

المصدر: Stress Biology, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Nickel toxicity, Micronutrients, Oxidative stress response, Phytohormones, Transcription regulatory network, Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Abstract Nickel (Ni), a component of urease, is a micronutrient essential for plant growth and development, but excess Ni is toxic to plants. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the important vegetables worldwide. Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides led to Ni contamination in agricultural soils, thus reducing yield and quality of tomatoes. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of Ni toxicity responses in tomato plants have largely not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the Ni toxicity response in tomato plants by physio-biochemical, transcriptomic and molecular regulatory network analyses. Ni toxicity repressed photosynthesis, induced the formation of brush-like lateral roots and interfered with micronutrient accumulation in tomato seedlings. Ni toxicity also induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and oxidative stress responses in plants. Furthermore, Ni toxicity reduced the phytohormone concentrations, including auxin, cytokinin and gibberellic acid, thereby retarding plant growth. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Ni toxicity altered the expression of genes involved in carbon/nitrogen metabolism pathways. Taken together, these results provide a theoretical basis for identifying key genes that could reduce excess Ni accumulation in tomato plants and are helpful for ensuring food safety and sustainable agricultural development.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2731-0450Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6ae39500bc7148be803b6efb8c1685b0Test

المؤلفون: Govindegowda Priyanka, Jeevan R. Singiri, Zachor Adler-Agmon, Sasank Sannidhi, Spurthi Daida, Nurit Novoplansky, Gideon Grafi

المصدر: Bioresources and Bioprocessing, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Agro-industrial byproducts/waste (AIBW), Wheat bran, Garlic waste, Reuse and recycling, byproduct valorization, waste management, Phytohormones, Weed control, Technology, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65

الوصف: Abstract Agriculture-based industries generate huge amounts of byproducts/wastes every year, which are not exploited or disposed efficiently posing an environmental problem with implications to human and animal health. Finding strategies to increase the recycling of agro-industrial byproducts/wastes (AIBWs) is a primary objective of the current study. A thorough examination of AIBWs in conjunction with experimental research is proposed to facilitate sorting for various agro-industrial applications and consequently increasing byproduct/waste utilization. Accordingly, two sustainable, locally available sources of AIBWs, namely, wheat bran (WB) and garlic straw and peels (GSP) were studied in detail including content and composition of proteins, phytohormones and nutritional elements, as well as the effect of AIBW extracts on plant and microbial growth. Hundreds of proteins were recovered from AIBW mainly from WBs, including chaperons, metabolite and protein modifying enzymes, and antimicrobial proteins. In-gel assays showed that WB and GSP possess high protease and nuclease activities. Conspicuously, phytohormone analysis of AIBWs revealed the presence of high levels of strigolactones, stimulants of seed germination of root parasitic weeds, as well as indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Garlic straw extract strongly inhibited germination of the weed Amaranthus palmeri but not of Abutilon theophrasti and all examined AIBWs significantly affected post-germination growth. Bacterial growth was strongly inhibited by garlic straw, but enhanced by WBs, which can be used at least partly as a bacterial growth medium. Thus, an in-depth examination of AIBW characteristics will enable appropriate sorting for diverse agro-industrial applications, which will increase their utilization and consequently their economic value.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2197-4365Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8d4db570c64a44d0a71ee5a7a0a50df6Test

المؤلفون: Zhuolei Tang, Xiaoyan Huang, Kaifeng Huang

المصدر: BMC Plant Biology, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Tartary buckwheat, Strigolactones, Endogenous phytohormones, Branches, Yield, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Abstract Background As a newly class of endogenous phytohormones, strigolactones (SLs) regulate crop growth and yield formation by interacting with other hormones. However, the physiological mechanism of SLs affect the yield by regulating the balance of endogenous hormones of Tartary buckwheat is still unclear. Results In this study, a 2-year field experiment was conducted on Tartary buckwheat (Jinqiao 2) to study the effects of different concentrations (0, 10, and 20 µmol/L) of artificial synthetic analogs of SLs (rac-GR24) and inhibitor of SL synthesis (Tis-108) on the growth, endogenous-hormone content, and yield of Tartary buckwheat. The main-stem branch number, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, and yield of Tartary buckwheat continuously decreased with increased rac-GR24 concentration, whereas the main-stem diameter and plant height initially increased and then decreased. Rac-GR24 treatment significantly increased the content of SLs and abscisic acid (ABA) in grains, and it decreased the content of Zeatin (Z) + Zeatin nucleoside (ZR). Conversely, Tis-108 treatment decreased the content of SLs and ABA but increased the content of Z + ZR. Results of correlation analysis showed that the content of ABA and SLs, the ratio of SLs/(Z + ZR), SLs/ABA, and ABA/(Z + ZR) were significantly negatively correlated with the yield of Tartary buckwheat, and that Z + ZR content was significantly positively correlated with the yield. Regression analysis further showed that ABA/ (Z + ZR) can explain 58.4% of the variation in yield. Conclusions In summary, by adjusting the level of endogenous SLs in Tartary buckwheat, the balance of endogenous hormones in grains can be changed, thereby exerting the effect on yield. The results can provide a new agronomic method for the high-yield cultivation of Tartary buckwheat.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2229Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/5010b049bd1a45fbbb7b4a4bb6a2fa0aTest