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1كتاب إلكتروني
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2مؤتمر
المؤلفون: Boufaied, Jed, Le Hénaff, Jean, Le Cadre, Hélène
المساهمون: Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA/DAM Arpajon (CEA/DAM), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
المصدر: ROADEF 2024 ; https://inria.hal.science/hal-04490283Test ; ROADEF 2024, Mar 2024, Amiens, France
مصطلحات موضوعية: Security Game, Nash Equilibrium, Coercivity, Equilibrium Learning, Partial Equilibrium Model, Security Game Nash Equilibrium Coercivity Equilibrium Learning Partial Equilibrium Model, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT]
الوصف: National audience ; The primary goal of Nations is to maximize their perceived security, which requires eachNation to develop an effective deterrence strategy [1]. In classical game theoretic models, deterrenceas a military strategy is based upon a standard, iterated two-player prisoner’s dilemmamodel by which cooperation can be assured if a rational player understands the punishmentor cost of defection [2].However, many of the actions taken by Nations in pursuit of the maximization of theirperceived security might, in turn, lead to a decrease rather than an increase in their perceivedsecurity. This dilemma is explained by the fact that the increase in military capability of oneNation might be interpreted as a risk that the arming Nation will use it to perform an attackin the future.In this context, in order to re-establish the balance of power, the other Nations could eitherincrease their own military capabilities or initiate a preemptive strike. Choosing the first optionmay result in a security spiral, in which several Nations are tied in an arms race, and maylead to war in the long run. Such a situation is known as the security dilemma [3], and is onepossible outcome of arms race models.If the goal of game-theoretic models is to quantify the outcomes of situations of conflictbetween armed Nations, non-proliferation policies and containment treaties are often designedwith the goal to stabilize the rivalry between Nations and reduce strategic risks.
العلاقة: hal-04490283; https://inria.hal.science/hal-04490283Test; https://inria.hal.science/hal-04490283/documentTest; https://inria.hal.science/hal-04490283/file/ROADEF_2024__mode%CC%80le_de_document_LaTeX.pdfTest
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3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Marziyeh Bahalou Horeh, Levan Elbakidze, R. Garth Taylor
المصدر: Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Vol 52, Pp 623-653 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: foodborne illness, Food Safety Modernization Act, food safety regulation, irrigation, partial equilibrium, water quality, D61, D78, Q11, Q18, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Economic growth, development, planning, HD72-88
الوصف: We develop a theoretical framework and present a corresponding empirical analysis of the Food and Drug Administration’s irrigation water quality regulatory standard under the Food Safety Modernization Act using lettuce as a case study. We develop a stochastic price endogenous partial equilibrium model with recourse to examine the standard’s efficacy under various scenarios of foodborne illness severity, standard implementation, demand response to foodborne outbreaks, and irrigation costs. The stringency of regulation is evaluated with endogenous producer response to regulatory requirements and corresponding implications for economic surplus. The baseline results show that in the case of the lettuce market, the proposed microbial irrigation water quality regulation in the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) is not cost effective relative to the existing Leafy-Greens Marketing Agreements relying on water treatment for mitigation of microbial contamination. However, FSMA can be cost effective if water treatment is sufficiently expensive.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1068280523000229/type/journal_articleTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1068-2805Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2372-2614Test
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4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: A, Indhushree, M, Uma Gowri, M, Saravana Kumar, R, Jeyajothi, S, Ramadass, A, Rajesh Kumar
المصدر: Journal of Applied and Natural Science; Vol 16 No 1 (2024); 86 - 93 ; 2231-5209 ; 0974-9411 ; 10.31018/jans.v16i1
مصطلحات موضوعية: Cotton, Household income, Partial Equilibrium, Social Accounting Matrix
الوصف: India is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of cotton, the major raw material for the textile industry, employing more than 4.5 crore people in the country. The present study aimed to analyse the impact of adverse trade in Indian cotton sector on labor and household income by employing Social Analysis Matrix based multiplier model and partial equilibrium model. Indian textile sector has strong backward linkages with primary input multiplier and household income multiplier of 4.13 and 3.44, respectively and, thus transmitting external impacts to the labour and household income. The sector has a higher multiplier effect of 10.17 on production activities, of which the impact on the cotton sector is 0.126. Fall in export and domestic demand for clothing and apparel in addition to movement restrictions around the world during the period 2020-2021, disrupted cotton supply chain and consequent fall in demand and price of the commodity. Simulations for the increase in carry-over stock and reduction in domestic consumption and cotton exports revealed that limiting the commodity's production and supply would retain the market equilibrium and increase the domestic price to the advantage of the farmers. The study reveals that dynamics in the Indian cotton sector trade significantly impacted labour and household income. Appropriate planning for areas under cotton cultivation and alternate procurement mechanisms during emergency situations would stabilise the Indian cotton economy.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/view/5256/2639Test; https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/view/5256Test
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5256Test
https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1Test
https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/view/5256Test -
5تقرير
المؤلفون: Mendes, Krisley
مصطلحات موضوعية: ddc:330, F13, F14, rice, commercial opening, partial equilibrium, microeconomic simulation, non-tariff measures
الوصف: A significant question in agricultural economic research is understanding how economic shocks affect the different links of a productive chain, since the gains and losses induced by them might spread in a non-uniform way among the different actors. In the face of a scenario that advocates a possible intensification in the facilitation of Brazilian rice imports, this study assessed the effects of a less restrictive commercial policy in the rice market in Brazil. A partial equilibrium model is adopted as the empirical strategy, which allows microeconomic simulations commonly used by the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) in its commercial policy definition and in its arguments in litigations with the World Trade Organization (WTO). The results show that even under unfavorable conditions, represented by a high elasticity of substitution and high sensitivity of supply and demand to prices, and still under a highly permissive commercial policy, the impact on domestic and Mercosur producers is low. The consumer tends to increase their consumption with the price reduction; however, the magnitude of that reduction slightly affects the inflation indicators.
العلاقة: Series: Texto para Discussão; No. 2960; gbv-ppn:1882384520; http://hdl.handle.net/10419/285398Test
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6دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: Contemporary Agriculture, Vol 71, Iss 3-4, Pp 155-164 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: trade liberalisation, partial equilibrium model, economic welfare, maize imports, kenya, Agriculture
الوصف: Maize imports bridge the maize supply-demand gap in Kenya. However, this does not automatically imply any positive or negative effects of such imports on the economic welfare of maize producers and consumers in the country. Nevertheless, there is a limited body of literature dealing with maize importation effects on the economic welfare of maize producers and consumers in Kenya. This paper provides the empirical evidence of maize importation effects on the economic welfare of Kenyan maize producers and consumers. For the purpose of determining such effects, time series secondary data for the period 1963–2016 (FAOSTAT, World Bank and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics) and the partial equilibrium model were used (which is suitable for measuring the effects of pricing policies on specific sectors, allowing for perfect substitutability between domestically produced and imported goods). The maize imports in Kenya were found to yield ambiguous effects on the economic welfare of both maize consumers and producers in the country. The consumer surplus calculated gained only the compensated loss in the producer surplus in 2 out of 11 points of analysis. Conversely, the producer surplus calculated gained only a compensated loss in the consumer surplus in 1 out of 11 points of analysis. The resultant net economic welfare effect of maize importation in Kenya was found negative, indicating adverse impacts on both the Kenyan maize sector and economy as a whole. To ensure the sustainability and development of the maize sector in Kenya, further maize imports are considered not feasible without compensating the losses in the country’s maize sector. Therefore, complementary reforms should be introduced to forge a link between world and consumer prices, and encourage producers to respond to production incentives. This will not only benefit maize producers and consumers, but will also facilitate the efficient allocation of resources for the improvement of the maize sub-sector competitiveness.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2466-4774Test
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7دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: Energy Reports, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 6887-6900 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Energy tax subsidy policy, Densified biomass fuel industry, Policy evaluation, Policy optimization, Partial equilibrium model, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
الوصف: Global energy crisis and climate change have caused widespread concern about the development of the biomass energy industry. China has committed to exploring feasible policies to promote the development of the biomass energy industry. To analyze the impact of China’s energy tax subsidy policy (ETS) on the development of densified biomass fuel (DBF) industry, this study constructs a partial equilibrium model of the densified biomass fuel industry sector to quantitatively evaluate and optimize the effect of China’s current ETS policy based on the compilation of input–output table for the biomass energy industry sector in China. The results indicate that 1) under the current policy scenario, the price of DBF in China decreased by 15.05%, the supply increased by 40.75%, and the demand increased by 18.62%, while the price of raw biomass (RB) decreased by 14.75%, the supply increased by 42.44%, and the demand increased by 29.41%, and the revenue of enterprises increased by 20.42%. However, compared to China’s 13th Five-Year Plan national DBF development target, there is still a supply and demand gap of 16,560,549 tons. 2) under the optimized policy scenario premised on accomplishing the Chinese government’s DBF development goals, the price of DBF in China decreased by 6.9%, supply increased by 128.5%, and demand increased by 44.5%, while the price of raw biomass decreased by 7.84%, supply increased by 133.34%, demand increased by 45.71%, and corporate earnings rose by 112.1% but required the government to pay extremely high tax benefits and financial subsidies for this, which is not feasible in actual economic operation. Therefore, to support the sustainable development of the DBF industry, relevant departments should not only set the mandatory total target but also pursue production quality and market construction.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484722008460Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2352-4847Test
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8دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: Forests, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 254 (2024)
مصطلحات موضوعية: market leakage, forest sector modeling, partial equilibrium model, Plant ecology, QK900-989
الوصف: This study examines production leakage in four Nordic countries and its impact on industries and the global market. Using a Forest Sector Model, we analyze the effects of changing the harvest and find the leakage of roundwood harvest to range from 61% to 76% in Norway, 59% to 81% in Sweden, 57% to 89% in Finland, and 59% to 106% in Denmark. Notably, trade with other parts of the world absorbs over 50% of roundwood harvest changes in a Nordic country, with Norway exhibiting distinct trade patterns compared to Finland and Sweden. Compared to prior findings, sawnwood production leakage is smaller, underscoring the necessity for the refined modeling of non-Nordic countries. Importantly, our findings contribute insights into forest industries, leakage, and global trade dynamics, relevant to the Nordic context and having broader implications for globally interconnected countries.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Zhijie Guan, Yue Zhang, Yan Xu
المصدر: Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, Vol 20, Iss 3, Pp 245-250 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Environmental spillover Forest certification Partial equilibrium General equilibrium Social welfare, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
الوصف: Forest certification has positive environmental spillovers. Considering environmental spillovers, this study analyzed the social welfare effects of forest certification using partial and general equilibrium methods. The results of the partial equilibrium analysis showed that social welfare in producing countries tended to increase under the market expansion of certified forest products. The general equilibrium analysis results indicated that, in autarky, or economic independence, the production amount of certified forest products could increase. If conventional forest products are imported and certified forest products are exported, then the level of utility in free trade condition is greater than that in autarky. If conventional forest products are exported and certified forest products are imported, then the price of imported products must be compared with the price of the autarky domestic market to determine the utility level of free trade and autarky. If the price of certified products is less than the price at the time of autarky, then the total utility level increases; otherwise, it decreases. The social welfare effect of forest certification can be increased through expanding the market demand of certified products and giving these products subsidies in production and price incentives in importing.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2325426222000687Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2325-4262Test
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Ed-daoudi, Mohamed Adib, Oubejja, Kenza
المساهمون: University Mohamed 5 of Rabat
المصدر: ISSN: 2658-9311 ; African Scientific Journal ; https://hal.science/hal-04175968Test ; African Scientific Journal, 2023, 3 (19), ⟨10.5281/zenodo.8189017⟩.
مصطلحات موضوعية: Emissions Partial equilibrium model Cereals market Energy Cap and trade Renewable energies, Emissions, Partial equilibrium model, Cereals market, Energy, Cap and trade, Renewable energies, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]
الوصف: In this paper, we are interested in cap-and-trade policy, or the implementation of pollution permits, as a mean to decrease CO2 emissions, which is the main cause of global warming, for the case of Morocco. To do so, we used a partial equilibrium model for the cereals market and the energy sector by simulating three scenarios of total emissions caps, namely a 1% decrease in emissions, a 5% decrease and a 7.5% decrease. We used this approach because we are concerned with one market, namely the cereals market and after designing the model wich is a system of equations capturing the interactions between fossil energy, renewable energy and cereals market, we log-linearized the model that we solved using matrix algebra with Octave. The results show that these forced emissions decreases have a very small effect on the decrease in income representing households welfare, remaining the same even in the 7.5% decrease scenario, as well as an increase in solar energy production and consumption. Therefore, a cap and trade system with a reasonnable cap will reduce emissions without affecting that much households welfare, while encouraging renewable energy production at the same time.
العلاقة: hal-04175968; https://hal.science/hal-04175968Test; https://hal.science/hal-04175968v2/documentTest; https://hal.science/hal-04175968v2/file/N19-01-The%2Beffect%2Bof%2Bcap%2Band%2Btrade%2Bpolicy%2Bon%2Bthe%2Beconomy%2Bwelfare%2Band%2Brenewable%2Benergy%2Bfor%2Bthe%2BMoroccan%2Bcase%2Ba%2Bpartial%2Bequilibrium%2Bapproach.pdfTest
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8189017Test
https://hal.science/hal-04175968Test
https://hal.science/hal-04175968v2/documentTest
https://hal.science/hal-04175968v2/file/N19-01-The%2Beffect%2Bof%2Bcap%2Band%2Btrade%2Bpolicy%2Bon%2Bthe%2Beconomy%2Bwelfare%2Band%2Brenewable%2Benergy%2Bfor%2Bthe%2BMoroccan%2Bcase%2Ba%2Bpartial%2Bequilibrium%2Bapproach.pdfTest
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