المؤلفون: Leon, Renato, Polit, Rafael, Culda, Carla, Páez-Rosas, Diego, Lenin Vinueza, Rommel, Figueroa, Daniela, Mihalca, Andrei

المصدر: Esferas; Vol. 5 (2024): Esferas ; 2697-3499 ; 2631-2468 ; 10.18272/esferas.v5i

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ecuador, dengue, Aedes aegypti, Dirofilaria immitis, dengue fever

الوصف: The Galapagos Islands represent a complex and unique set of ecosystems in which wildlife, local communities and urban fauna coexist on a daily basis. But these interactions, along with the presence of invasive species and infectious diseases, can lead to risks to both human and animal health. This monographic review addresses the risk and presence of some of the most relevant pathogens and vectors present at the Galapagos from a "one health" perspective, which integrates human, animal and environmental health. It covered "zoonotic" diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans, the main pathogens that could threaten the urban fauna and the emblematic wildlife species, such as the Galapagos sea lion, and the main infectious agents that threaten the health of the human population, describing the main mosquito vector species in the islands and the viral diseases they can transmit. Finally, we described the activities conducted in 2021-2022 that involved the local community in the form of seminars and focus groups that aimed at informing the public about these diseases and their prevention, as well as field research based on sampling domestic dogs and setting mosquito traps to monitor the health and susceptibility of urban and local fauna to parasitic diseases. The results obtained can serve to the local government authorities for a better decision making and to implement the most adequate measures for the prevention and control of these infectious diseases ; Las islas Galápagos representan un conjunto complejo y único de ecosistemas en que la fauna silvestre, las comunidades locales y la fauna urbana coexisten diariamente. Sin embargo, estas interacciones junto con la presencia de especies invasoras y enfermedades infecciosas, puede conllevar a riesgos en la salud tanto humana como animal. La presente monografía aborda el riesgo y la presencia de algunos de los patógenos y vectores más relevantes en las islas Galápagos desde la perspectiva de "una salud" que integra la salud humana, animal y ambiental. Se ...

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: https://revistas.usfq.edu.ec/index.php/esferas/article/view/3133/3661Test; https://revistas.usfq.edu.ec/index.php/esferas/article/view/3133Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.18272/esferas.v5i.3133Test
https://doi.org/10.18272/esferas.v5iTest
https://revistas.usfq.edu.ec/index.php/esferas/article/view/3133Test

المؤلفون: Urquía, Diego O., Anslan, Sten, Asadobay, Pacarina, Moreira‐Mendieta, Andrés, Vences, Miguel, Chaves, Jaime A., Páez‐Rosas, Diego

مصطلحات موضوعية: bathymetry, DNA-metabarcoding, ocean productivity, trophic ecology, Zalophus wollebaeki, saaliseläimet, ekologinen lokero, vaihtelu, metagenomiikka, merileijonat, DNA-viivakoodit

الوصف: Tropical ecosystems are challenging for pinnipeds due to fluctuating food availability. According to previous research, the Galapagos sea lion (GSL, Zalophus wollebaeki) adopts trophic flexibility to face such conditions. However, this hypothesis comes from studies using traditional methods (hard-parts analysis of scat and isotopic analysis from tissue). We studied the diet of five rookeries in the southeastern Galapagos bioregion (which harbors the highest GSL density), via DNA-metabarcoding of scat samples. The DNA-metabarcoding approach may identify consumed prey with a higher taxonomic resolution than isotopic analysis, while not depending on hard-parts remaining through digestion. Our study included five different rookeries to look for evidence of trophic flexibility at the bioregional level. We detected 98 prey OTUs (124 scats), mostly assigned to bony-fish taxa; we identified novel prey items, including a shark, rays, and several deep-sea fish. Our data supported the trophic flexibility of GSL throughout the studied bioregion since different individuals from the same rookery consumed prey coming from different habitats and trophic levels. Significant diet differentiations were found among rookeries, particularly between Punta Pitt and Santa Fe. Punta Pitt rookery, with a more pronounced bathymetry and lower productivity, was distinguished by a high trophic level and consumption of a high proportion of deep-sea prey; meanwhile, Santa Fe, located in more productive, shallow waters over the shelf, consumed a high proportion of epipelagic planktivorous fish. Geographic location and heterogeneous bathymetry of El Malecon, Española, and Floreana rookeries would allow the animals therein to access both, epipelagic prey over the shelf, and deep-sea prey out of the shelf; this would lead to a higher prey richness and diet variability there. These findings provide evidence of GSL adopting a trophic flexibility to tune their diets to different ecological contexts. This strategy would be crucial for this endangered ...

وصف الملف: application/pdf; fulltext

العلاقة: Ecology and Evolution; 14; Urquía, D. O., Anslan, S., Asadobay, P., Moreira‐Mendieta, A., Vences, M., Chaves, J. A., & Páez‐Rosas, D. (2024). DNA-metabarcoding supports trophic flexibility and reveals new prey species for the Galapagos sea lion. Ecology and Evolution , 14 (3), Article e10921. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10921Test; CONVID_207530202; URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202403142419; http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202403142419Test

الإتاحة: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202403142419Test

المؤلفون: Páez-Rosas, Diego, Suarez-Moncada, Jenifer, Arnés-Urgellés, Camila, Espinoza, Eduardo, Robles, Yolani, Salinas-De-León, Pelayo

المصدر: Frontiers in Marine Science ; volume 10 ; ISSN 2296-7745

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ocean Engineering, Water Science and Technology, Aquatic Science, Global and Planetary Change, Oceanography

الوصف: The scalloped hammerhead shark ( Sphyrna lewini ) is one of the most iconic marine species across the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), yet little is still known about its reproductive biology and the origin of their nursery areas, despite a continuous global decline in their populations. Understanding the origin of shark nurseries is a complex task; however, it is known that the obtention of resources in the first stages of life of placental sharks occurs through maternal reminiscence, thus it is possible to infer the origin of the energy that neonates accumulate during their gestation. In this study we assessed the ecological connectivity and nursery ground use by undertaking a stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) in skin samples of neonates S. lewini across much of their distribution in the ETP, including the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR). Our isotopic mixing models revealed that the S. lewini neonates found in the GMR, have isotopic information similar to adult females inhabit in the Galapagos archipelago, suggesting that they are direct descendants of the females that inhabit the GMR. While neonates found off the continental coasts of Ecuador and Panama have isotopic signatures like those of adult females inhabiting several locations across the ETP. This work provides insight into the origin of nursery areas used by adult S. lewini that aggregate in large numbers across oceanic islands of the ETP, highlighting the value of isotopic models to generate useful information for the conservation of sharks.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1288770Test

المؤلفون: Garcia-Garin, Odei, Borrell, Asunción, Aguilar, Alex, Vighi, Morgana, Valdivia, Meica, González, Enrique M., Páez-Rosas, Diego, Drago, Massimiliano

المصدر: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science ; volume 297, page 108614 ; ISSN 0272-7714

مصطلحات موضوعية: Aquatic Science, Oceanography

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108614Test
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0272771424000015?httpAccept=text/xmlTest
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0272771424000015?httpAccept=text/plainTest

المؤلفون: Riofrío-Lazo, Marjorie, Páez-Rosas, Diego

المصدر: https://www.intechopen.com/booksTest/.

الوصف: Pinnipeds endemic to the Galapagos archipelago are in endangered conservation status. The Galapagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki, and Galapagos fur seal, Arctocephalus galapagoensis, have adapted to an ecosystem with high environmental variability and unpredictable marine productivity to survive. In addition to the environmental factors that pressure their populations, these species are exposed to anthropogenic influence, mainly in rookeries on islands with human settlements. It has been determined that the populations of Galapagos pinnipeds have different growth trends between regions of the archipelago, islands of the same region, and between rookeries of the same island. 58% of the Galapagos sea lion population is in the southeastern, with the largest rookery in direct contact with the inhabitants. Various strategies have been proposed to reduce the negative impacts of human–animal interaction, ensure the population’s viability over time, and reduce the species’ extinction risk.

العلاقة: https://mts.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/galapagos-pinnipeds-challenges-to-their-survivalTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113366Test
https://mts.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/galapagos-pinnipeds-challenges-to-their-survivalTest

المؤلفون: Lopes, Fernando, Oliveira, Larissa R., Beux, Yago, Kessler, Amanda, Cárdenas-Alayza, Susana, Majluf, Patricia, Páez-Rosas, Diego, Chaves, Jaime, Crespo, Enrique, Brownell Jr., Robert L., Baylis, Alastair M. M., Sepúlveda, Maritza, Franco-Trecu, Valentina, Loch, Carolina, Robertson, Bruce C., Peart, Claire R., Wolf, Jochen B. W., Bonatto, Sandro L.

المساهمون: Zoology, Finnish Museum of Natural History

مصطلحات موضوعية: American fur seals, Arctocephalus-australis, Population-structure, Hybridization, Admixture, Otariidae, Carnivora, Ancient, Inference, Evolution, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology

الوصف: Hybridization is widespread and constitutes an important source of genetic variability and evolution. In animals, its role in generating novel and independent lineages (hybrid speciation) has been strongly debated, with only a few cases supported by genomic data. The South American fur seal (SAfs) Arctocephalus australis is a marine apex predator of Pacific and Atlantic waters, with a disjunct set of populations in Peru and Northern Chile [Pe-ruvian fur seal (Pfs)] with controversial taxonomic status. We demonstrate, using complete genome and reduced representation sequencing, that the Pfs is a genetically distinct species with an admixed genome that originated from hybridization between the SAfs and the Galapagos fur seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) similar to 400,000 years ago. Our results strongly support the origin of Pfs by homoploid hybrid speciation over alternative introgression scenarios. This study highlights the role of hybridization in promoting species-level biodiversity in large vertebrates. ; Peer reviewed

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Lopes , F , Oliveira , L R , Beux , Y , Kessler , A , Cárdenas-Alayza , S , Majluf , P , Páez-Rosas , D , Chaves , J , Crespo , E , Brownell Jr. , R L , Baylis , A M M , Sepúlveda , M , Franco-Trecu , V , Loch , C , Robertson , B C , Peart , C R , Wolf , J B W & Bonatto , S L 2023 , ' Genomic evidence for homoploid hybrid speciation in a marine mammal apex predator ' , Science Advances , vol. 9 , no. 18 , eadf6601 . https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adf6601Test; ORCID: /0000-0002-1246-2777/work/138281590; 85159546682; 58a040ef-59a5-4273-8844-d2dd10272c1d; http://hdl.handle.net/10138/563211Test; 000988274400019

الإتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/563211Test

المؤلفون: Asadobay, Pacarina, Urquía, Diego O., Künzel, Sven, Espinoza-Ulloa, Sebastian A., Vences, Miguel, Páez-Rosas, Diego

المساهمون: USFQ Collaboration Grant and Galapagos Science Center

المصدر: PeerJ ; volume 11, page e16047 ; ISSN 2167-8359

الوصف: Background The Galapagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki , is an endemic and endangered otariid, which is considered as a sentinel species of ecosystem dynamics in the Galapagos archipelago. Mitochondrial DNA is an important tool in phylogenetic and population genetic inference. In this work we use Illumina sequencing to complement the mitogenomic resources for Zalophus genus—the other two species employed Sanger sequencing—by a complete mitochondrial genome and a molecular clock of this species, which is not present in any case. Materials and Methods We used DNA obtained from a fresh scat sample of a Galapagos sea lion and shotgun-sequenced it on the Illumina NextSeq platform. The obtained raw reads were processed using the GetOrganelle software to filter the mitochondrial Zalophus DNA reads (∼16% survive the filtration), assemble them, and set up a molecular clock. Results From the obtained 3,511,116 raw reads, we were able to assemble a full mitogenome of a length of 16,676 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNA), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNA). A time-calibrated phylogeny confirmed the phylogenetic position of Z. wollebaeki in a clade with Z. californianus , and Z. japonicus , and sister to Z. californianus ; as well as establishing the divergence time for Z. wollebaeki 0.65 million years ago. Our study illustrates the possibility of seamlessly sequencing full mitochondrial genomes from fresh scat samples of marine mammals.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16047Test
https://peerj.com/articles/16047.pdfTest
https://peerj.com/articles/16047.xmlTest
https://peerj.com/articles/16047.htmlTest

المؤلفون: DeRango, Eugene J., Schwarz, Jonas F.L., Piedrahita, Paolo, Páez-Rosas, Diego, Trillmich, Fritz, Krüger, Oliver

المصدر: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2019 Dec 01. 73(12), 1-13.

الوصول الحر: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48705705Test

المؤلفون: Quiroga-Samaniego, María del Mar, Ramírez-González, Jorge, Zambrano-Zamora, Cisne, Andrade-Vera, Solange, Marín-Jarrín, José R., Páez-Rosas, Diego

المساهمون: Universidad San Francisco de Quito

المصدر: Regional Studies in Marine Science ; volume 74, page 103530 ; ISSN 2352-4855

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103530Test
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2352485524001634?httpAccept=text/xmlTest
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2352485524001634?httpAccept=text/plainTest

المؤلفون: Riofrío-Lazo, Marjorie, Zetina-Rejón, Manuel J., Vaca-Pita, Leandro, Murillo-Posada, Juan Carlos, Páez-Rosas, Diego

المساهمون: Galapagos Science Center Grant

المصدر: Scientific Reports ; volume 12, issue 1 ; ISSN 2045-2322

مصطلحات موضوعية: Multidisciplinary

الوصف: Coastal habitats are essential for ecological processes and provide important ecosystem services. The Galapagos archipelago has a wide diversity of ichthyofauna which preservation guarantees the functioning of the marine ecosystem. In this study, we used ecological and taxonomic indices as well as multivariate analysis to identify spatiotemporal changes in fish community structure in coastal habitats of San Cristóbal Island in the southeastern Galapagos archipelago. We analyzed how the patterns of variability were related to the abiotic conditions (substrate, sea temperature and depth) of each habitat. Nine sites affected by anthropogenic influence (fishing and tourism) representing different habitats/substrates were sampled. Underwater surveys were conducted during the warm and cold seasons in 2010 and 2011 at transects that varied in depth according to site. Artificial habitat, followed by coral and rocky habitats, had the highest diversity, evenness, and taxonomic distinctness, while mangrove habitats had the lowest values. This was related to the habitat complexity and possible anthropogenic influences. While the diversity patterns were more strongly related to the type of substrate, followed by the combination of substrate and depth, and the sea temperature had less influence. These findings were related to the ecological traits of the fish communities and their mobility between habitats. Temporal changes in fish community diversity and composition were not detected at all sites, suggesting that these species have high fidelity to their habitats and a high environmental tolerance that allows them to persist in their habitats despite strong changes in sea temperature on the Galapagos archipelago.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07601-wTest
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-07601-w.pdfTest
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-07601-wTest