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1رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: Olsen, Jessica Lyn
المصدر: ProQuest LLC. 2022D.N.P. Dissertation, Georgetown University.
تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: N
Page Count: 81
الواصفات: Graduate Students, Obstetrics, Outcomes of Education, Fellowships, Administrator Attitudes, Health Personnel, Nursing Education, Program Descriptions, Videoconferencing, Empowerment, Futures (of Society), Professional Associations, Health Services
مستخلص: Navigating the period of transition from a student to a clinician can be challenging for new graduate midwives and advanced practice providers. With exponential growth in these professions coupled with a complex American healthcare system, there has been increased desire for fellowships for advanced practice providers. This sentiment has been echoed by midwifery students. While there is an increasing body of evidence for the benefits of postgraduate fellowship programs for nurse practitioners, studies regarding midwifery specific fellowships are limited. This project gathered information regarding the characteristics and outcomes of postgraduate midwifery fellowship programs in the United States. A mixed methods design used a program demographic survey and interviews with the program directors. With both a quantitative and qualitative approach, a thorough description of US postgraduate midwifery fellowship programs as perceived by the program directors was completed. Seventeen postgraduate midwifery fellowship programs were identified through an environmental scan and snowball sampling. Thirteen program directors completed the survey (76.5% response rate, n = 13) and 11 completed the Zoom interviews (64.7%, n = 11). The findings allowed for identification of program characteristics including location, structure, funding, and educational offerings of midwifery fellowship programs. The thematic analysis revealed the emergence of three themes highlighting the creation of support for midwives in transition, including new graduates and practicing midwives returning to practice after a hiatus or shifting to specialty practice: (1) Stepping-stones; (2) Empowered and equipped; and (3) Innovative future. This project provided new information as it relates to postgraduate midwifery fellowship programs in the U.S. There is no call for mandatory midwifery fellowships or residencies, but rather, as a valuable option that selected midwives and practices may find useful. The findings of this project validate the unique qualities of these programs in creating a bridge for midwives transitioning into practice, returning to practice, and changing clinical settings. Disseminating information about these programs, bringing them together in a coalition within midwifery professional associations, and joining forces with other fellowships in advance practice specialties can create opportunities to advocate for systemic legislative and funding support, similar to that of medicine, for advance practice providers and midwives. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtmlTest.]
Abstractor: As Provided
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2رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: Olsen, Jessica M.
مصطلحات موضوعية: Glucose uptake, Brown adipose tissue, White adipose tissue, Skeletal muscle, Mechanistic target of rapamycin, Glucose transporter, Physiology, Fysiologi
الوصف: Adrenergic signalling is part of the sympathetic nervous system and is activated upon stimulation by the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. This regulates heart rate, energy mobilization, digestion and helps to divert blood flow to important organs. Insulin is released to regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, mainly by taking up glucose from the blood. The insulin and the catecholamine hormone systems are normally working as opposing metabolic regulators and are therefore thought to antagonize each other. One of the major regulators involved in insulin signalling is the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). There are two different complexes of mTOR; mTORC1 and mTORC2, and they are essential in the control of cell growth, metabolism and energy homeostasis. Since mTOR is one of the major signalling nodes for anabolic actions of insulin it was thought that catecholamines might oppose this action by inhibiting the complexes. However, lately there are studies demonstrating that this may not be the case. mTOR is for instance part of the adrenergic signalling pathway resulting in hypertrophy of cardiac and skeletal muscle cells and inhibition of smooth muscle relaxation and helps to regulate browning in white adipose tissue and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). In this thesis I show that β-adrenergic signalling leading to glucose uptake occurs independently of insulin in skeletal muscle and BAT, and does not activate either Akt or mTORC1, but that the master regulator of this pathway is mTORC2. Further, my co-workers and I demonstrates that β-adrenergic stimulation in skeletal muscle and BAT utilizes different glucose transporters. In skeletal muscle, GLUT4 is translocated to the plasma membrane upon stimulation. However, in BAT, β-adrenergic stimulation results in glucose uptake through translocation of GLUT1. Importantly, in both skeletal muscle and BAT, the role of mTORC2 in β-adrenergic stimulated glucose uptake is to regulate GLUT-translocation.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Kalinovich, Anastasia, Dehvari, Nodi, Åslund, Alice, van Beek, Sten, Halleskog, Carina, Olsen, Jessica, Forsberg, Elisabete, Zacharewicz, Evelyn, Schaart, Gert, Rinde, Mia, Sandström, Anna, Berlin, Roger, Östenson, Claes-Göran, Hoeks, Joris, Bengtsson, Tore
المصدر: Diabetologia. 63(8):1603-1615
مصطلحات موضوعية: beta(2)-Adrenergic signalling, Clenbuterol, Hepatic steatosis, Insulin resistance, Skeletal muscle, Type 2 diabetes
الوصف: Aims/hypothesis Chronic stimulation of beta(2)-adrenoceptors, opposite to acute treatment, was reported to reduce blood glucose levels, as well as to improve glucose and insulin tolerance in rodent models of diabetes by essentially unknown mechanisms. We recently described a novel pathway that mediates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells via stimulation of beta(2)-adrenoceptors. In the current study we further explored the potential therapeutic relevance of beta(2)-adrenoceptor stimulation to improve glucose homeostasis and the mechanisms responsible for the effect.Methods C57Bl/6N mice with diet-induced obesity were treated both acutely and for up to 42 days with a wide range of clenbuterol dosages and treatment durations. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by glucose tolerance test. We also measured in vivo glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, insulin sensitivity by insulin tolerance test, plasma insulin levels, hepatic lipids and glycogen.Results Consistent with previous findings, acute clenbuterol administration increased blood glucose and insulin levels. However, already after 4 days of treatment, beneficial effects of clenbuterol were manifested in glucose homeostasis (32% improvement of glucose tolerance after 4 days of treatment,p < 0.01) and these effects persisted up to 42 days of treatment. These favourable metabolic effects could be achieved with doses as low as 0.025 mg kg(-1) day(-1)(40 times lower than previously studied). Mechanistically, these effects were not due to increased insulin levels, but clenbuterol enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in vivo both acutely in lean mice (by 64%,p < 0.001) as well as during chronic treatment in diet-induced obese mice (by 74%,p < 0.001). Notably, prolonged treatment with low-dose clenbuterol improved whole-body insulin sensitivity (glucose disposal rate after insulin injection increased up to 1.38 +/- 0.31%/min in comparison with 0.15 +/- 0.36%/min in control mice,p < 0.05) and drastically reduced hepatic steatosis (by 40%,p < 0.01) and glycogen (by 23%,p < 0.05).Conclusions/interpretation Clenbuterol improved glucose tolerance after 4 days of treatment and these effects were maintained for up to 42 days. Effects were achieved with doses in a clinically relevant microgram range. Mechanistically, prolonged treatment with a low dose of clenbuterol improved glucose homeostasis in insulin resistant mice, most likely by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and improving whole-body insulin sensitivity as well as by reducing hepatic lipids and glycogen. We conclude that selective beta(2)-adrenergic agonists might be an attractive potential treatment for type 2 diabetes. This remains to be confirmed in humans.
وصف الملف: print
الوصول الحر: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-184358Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05171-yTest -
4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Sang, Yi, Azimzadeh, Behrooz, Olsen, Jessica, Rappaport, Jessica, Maguffin, Scott C., Martínez, Carmen Enid, Reid, Matthew C.
المصدر: Environmental Science & Pollution Research; May2024, Vol. 31 Issue 23, p34144-34158, 15p
مصطلحات موضوعية: ARSENIC, BIOCHAR, EVALUATION methodology, POROSITY, PADDY fields, AGRICULTURE
مستخلص: There is a need for innovative strategies to decrease the mobility of metal(loids) including arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils, including rice paddies, so as to minimize dietary exposure to these toxic elements. Iron (Fe)-modified biochars (FBCs) are used to immobilize As and Cd in soil-water systems, but there is a lack of clarity on optimal methods for preparing FBCs because there are only limited studies that directly compare BCs impregnated with Fe under different conditions. There is also a lack of information on the long-term performance of FBCs in flooded soil environments, where reductive dissolution of Fe (oxy)hydroxide phases loaded onto biochar surfaces may decrease the effectiveness of FBCs. This study uses material characterization methods including FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET, and adsorption isotherm experiments to investigate the effects of Fe-impregnation methods (pH, pyrolysis sequence, and sonication) on the morphology and mineralogy of Fe loaded onto the biochar surface, and to FBC adsorbent properties for arsenate (As(V)), arsenite (As(III)), and Cd. Acidic impregnation conditions favored the adsorption of As(III) onto amorphous Fe phases that were evenly distributed on the biochar surface, including within the biochar pore structure. The combination of sonication with acidic Fe-impregnation conditions led to the best adsorption capacities for As(V) and As(III) (4830 and 11,166 μg As g-1 biochar, respectively). Alkaline Fe-impregnation conditions led to the highest Cd adsorption capacity of 3054 μg Cd g-1 biochar, but had poor effectiveness as an As adsorbent. Amending soil with 5% (w/w) of an acid-impregnated and sonicated FBC was more effective than an alkaline-impregnated FBC or ferrihydrite in decreasing porewater As concentrations. The acid-impregnated FBC also had greater longevity, decreasing As by 54% and 56% in two flooded phases, probably due to the greater stability of Fe(III) within the biochar pore structure that may have a direct chemical bond to the biochar surface. This study demonstrates that FBCs can be designed with selectivity towards different As species or Cd and that they can maintain their effectiveness under anaerobic soil conditions. This is the first study to systematically test how impregnation conditions affect the stability of FBCs in soils under multiple drying-rewetting cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
: Copyright of Environmental Science & Pollution Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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المؤلفون: Olsen, Jessica M., Åslund, Alice, Bokhari, Muhammad Hamza, Hutchinson, Dana S., Bengtsson, Tore
المصدر: Molecular Metabolism. 30:240-249
مصطلحات موضوعية: Glucose clearance, Brown adipose tissue, GLUT1, Akt, PI3K alpha, Insulin, Thermogenesis
الوصف: Objective: β-adrenoceptor mediated activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been associated with improvements in metabolic health in models of type 2 diabetes and obesity due to its unique ability to increase whole body energy expenditure, and rate of glucose and free fatty acid disposal. While the thermogenic arm of this phenomenon has been studied in great detail, the underlying mechanisms involved in β-adrenoceptor mediated glucose uptake in BAT are relatively understudied. As β-adrenoceptor agonist administration results in increased hepatic gluconeogenesis that can consequently result in secondary pancreatic insulin release, there is uncertainty regarding the importance of insulin and the subsequent activation of its downstream effectors in mediating β-adrenoceptor stimulated glucose uptake in BAT. Therefore, in this study, we made an effort to discriminate between the two pathways and address whether the insulin signaling pathway is dispensable for the effects of β-adrenoceptor activation on glucose uptake in BAT.Methods: Using a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase α (PI3Kα), which effectively inhibits the insulin signaling pathway, we examined the effects of various β-adrenoceptor agonists, including the physiological endogenous agonist norepinephrine on glucose uptake and respiration in mouse brown adipocytes in vitro and on glucose clearance in mice in vivo.Results: PI3Kα inhibition in mouse primary brown adipocytes in vitro, did not inhibit β-adrenoceptor stimulated glucose uptake, GLUT1 synthesis, GLUT1 translocation or respiration. Furthermore, β-adrenoceptor mediated glucose clearance in vivo did not require insulin or Akt activation but was attenuated upon administration of a β3-adrenoceptor antagonist.Conclusions: We conclude that the β-adrenergic pathway is still functionally intact upon the inhibition of PI3Kα, showing that the activation of downstream insulin effectors is not required for the acute effects of β-adrenoceptor agonists on glucose homeostasis or thermogenesis.
وصف الملف: print
الوصول الحر: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-177617Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.004Test -
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المؤلفون: Jaunsleine, Krista, Supe, Linda, Spura, Jana, van Beek, Sten, Sandström, Anna, Olsen, Jessica, Halleskog, Carina, Bengtsson, Tore, 1970, Mutule, Ilga, Pelcman, Benjamin
المصدر: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 97
مصطلحات موضوعية: β-Adrenergic receptor agonist, Cyclic amines, Diastereoselective synthesis, β-Hydroxy-phenethylamines, Muscle glucose uptake
الوصف: β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists have been reported to stimulate glucose uptake (GU) by skeletal muscle cells and are therefore highly interesting as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The chirality of compounds often has a great impact on the activity of β2AR agonists, although this has thus far not been investigated for GU. Here we report the GU for a selection of synthesized acyclic and cyclic β-hydroxy-3-fluorophenethylamines. For the N-butyl and the N-(2-pentyl) compounds, the (R) and (R,R) (3d and 7e) stereoisomers induced the highest GU. When the compounds contained a saturated nitrogen containing 4- to 7-membered heterocycle, the (R,R,R) enantiomer of the azetidine (8a) and the pyrrolidine (9a) had the highest activity. Altogether, these results provide pivotal information for designing novel β2AR agonist for the treatment of T2D.
وصف الملف: print
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7رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: Olsen, Jessica
مصطلحات موضوعية: Alternative splicing, Physcomitrella patens, Serine/Arginine-rich proteins, Stress, NATURAL SCIENCES, NATURVETENSKAP
الوصف: Plants are sessile organisms and thus more exposed to stressful environments. By changing the expression of stress related genes, plants are able to cope with stress. Alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNA is a major contributor to proteome diversity in eukaryotes. It has been shown that different abiotic stresses affect AS patterns, suggesting a functional role of AS in stress tolerance. The Serine/Arginine-rich proteins (SR proteins) are a conserved family of splicing regulators in eukaryotes. SR proteins are essential for AS and studies have shown that they are themselves subjects to AS after stress exposure which means that they can control their own splicing. In this study, the aim was to characterize the different SR-proteins in the SR subfamily in P. patens, analyze their phylogeny and measure the change in expression of the genes after exposure to five types of stress; osmotic, salinity, dehydration, cold and hormonal. The result showed both individual and overlapping changes in their expression profiles of the three genes. Furthermore, there was an alteration in the alternative splicing pattern for two genes during three of the stresses which resulted in intron retention and possibly a premature termination codon and subseqent non-sense mediated decay.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Olsen, Jessica Lyn, Farley, Cindy L.
المصدر: Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health ; ISSN 1526-9523 1542-2011
الوصف: Introduction Postgraduate fellowships are growing in midwifery and yet are poorly understood by the profession. These fellowships are optional for midwives interested in developing advanced skills, transitioning to specialty practice, or entering or re‐entering professional practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics and outcomes of US postgraduate midwifery fellowships as described by midwifery fellowship program directors. Methods Postgraduate midwifery fellowship programs in the United States were identified through an environmental scan and snowball sampling. Directors of these fellowship programs were invited to complete a survey and an open‐ended interview to determine their program's characteristics and outcomes. Quantitative data were summarized, and thematic analysis was used to explore the qualitative data. Results An environmental scan and snowball sampling identified 17 postgraduate midwifery fellowship programs. Thirteen fellowship program directors completed a survey (76.5%), and 11 completed an interview (64.7%). The findings identified program characteristics, including location, structure, funding, and educational offerings, of midwifery fellowship programs. The thematic analysis revealed the emergence of 3 themes highlighting the creation of support for midwives in transition, including new graduates and practicing midwives returning to practice after a hiatus or shifting to specialty practice: (1) stepping stones, (2) empowered and equipped, and (3) innovative future. Community birth practice was defined as specialty practice by these directors. Discussion The results of this study inform the profession of the availability of fellowships and the development of future high‐quality midwifery fellowships. Postgraduate midwifery fellowships should not be required for entry to practice but have a place in the work‐study opportunities available to US midwives.
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9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Migale, Roberta, Neumann, Michelle, Mitter, Richard, Rafiee, Mahmoud-Reza, Wood, Sophie, Olsen, Jessica, Lovell-Badge, Robin
المصدر: Science Advances ; volume 10, issue 12 ; ISSN 2375-2548
الوصف: The transcription factor FOXL2 is required in ovarian somatic cells for female fertility. Differential timing of Foxl2 deletion, in embryonic versus adult mouse ovary, leads to distinctive outcomes, suggesting different roles across development. Here, we comprehensively investigated FOXL2’s role through a multi-omics approach to characterize gene expression dynamics and chromatin accessibility changes, coupled with genome-wide identification of FOXL2 targets and on-chromatin interacting partners in somatic cells across ovarian development. We found that FOXL2 regulates more targets postnatally, through interaction with factors regulating primordial follicle formation and steroidogenesis. Deletion of one interactor, ubiquitin-specific protease 7 ( Usp7 ), results in impairment of somatic cell differentiation, germ cell nest breakdown, and ovarian development, leading to sterility. Our datasets constitute a comprehensive resource for exploration of the molecular mechanisms of ovarian development and causes of female infertility.
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Duddy, Graham, Courtis, Katherine, Horwood, Juliette, Olsen, Jessica, Horsler, Helen, Hodgson, Tina, Varsani-Brown, Sunita, Abdullah, Abdullah, Denti, Laura, Lane, Hollie, Delaqua, Fabio, Janzen, Julia, Strom, Molly, Rosewell, Ian, Crawley, Katharine, Davies, Benjamin
المصدر: BMC Biology; 2/2/2024, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p1-12, 12p
مستخلص: Background: The ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus to transduce preimplantation mouse embryos has led to the use of this delivery method for the production of genetically altered knock-in mice via CRISPR-Cas9. The potential exists for this method to simplify the production and extend the types of alleles that can be generated directly in the zygote, obviating the need for manipulations of the mouse genome via the embryonic stem cell route. Results: We present the production data from a total of 13 genetically altered knock-in mouse models generated using CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation of zygotes and delivery of donor repair templates via transduction with recombinant adeno-associated virus. We explore the efficiency of gene targeting at a total of 12 independent genetic loci and explore the effects of allele complexity and introduce strategies for efficient identification of founder animals. In addition, we investigate the reliability of germline transmission of the engineered allele from founder mice generated using this methodology. By comparing our production data against genetically altered knock-in mice generated via gene targeting in embryonic stem cells and their microinjection into blastocysts, we assess the animal cost of the two methods. Conclusions: Our results confirm that recombinant adeno-associated virus transduction of zygotes provides a robust and effective delivery route for donor templates for the production of knock-in mice, across a range of insertion sizes (0.9–4.7 kb). We find that the animal cost of this method is considerably less than generating knock-in models via embryonic stem cells and thus constitutes a considerable 3Rs reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
: Copyright of BMC Biology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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