المؤلفون: Dada, Debbie, Abu-Ba’are, Gamji R, Turner, DeAnne, Mashoud, Ibrahim Wunpini, Owusu-Dampare, Francis, Apreku, Amos, Ni, Zhao, Djiadeu, Pascal, Aidoo-Frimpong, Gloria, Zigah, Edem Yaw, Nyhan, Kate, Nyblade, Laura, Nelson, LaRon E

مصطلحات موضوعية: HIV/AIDS

الوصف: Objectives Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are disproportionately impacted by HIV and often face multiple HIV-related stigmas. Addressing these stigmas could reduce SGM HIV vulnerability but little is known about how the stigmas operate and intersect. Intersectional stigma offers a lens for understanding the experiences of stigmatised populations and refers to the synergistic negative health effects of various systems of oppression on individuals with multiple stigmatised identities, behaviours or conditions. This review aims to (1) assess how often and in what ways an intersectional lens is applied in HIV-related stigma research on SGM populations in SSA and (2) understand how intersectional stigma impacts HIV risk in these populations. Design Scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. Data sources Public health and regional databases were searched in 2020 and 2022. Eligibility criteria Articles in French and English on HIV-related stigma and HIV outcomes among men who have sex with men, women who have sex with women and/or transgender individuals in SSA. Data extraction and synthesis Articles were screened and extracted twice and categorised by use of an intersectional approach. Study designs and stigma types were described quantitatively and findings on intersectional stigma were thematically analysed. Results Of 173 articles on HIV-related stigma among SGM in SSA included in this review, 21 articles (12%) applied an intersectional lens. The most common intersectional stigmas investigated were HIV and same-sex attraction/behaviour stigma and HIV, same-sex attraction/behaviour and gender non-conformity stigma. Intersectional stigma drivers, facilitators and manifestations were identified across individual, interpersonal, institutional and societal socioecological levels. Intersectional stigma impacts HIV vulnerability by reducing HIV prevention and treatment service uptake, worsening ...

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العلاقة: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/14/2/e078794Test; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078794Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078794Test
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/14/2/e078794Test

المؤلفون: Burgess, Raquel C., Nyhan, Kate, Dharia, Naisha, Freudenberg, Nicholas, Ransome, Yusuf

المساهمون: McGill, Elizabeth, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, Yale Graduate Student Assembly

المصدر: PLOS ONE ; volume 19, issue 4, page e0300699 ; ISSN 1932-6203

الوصف: Introduction Business practices have influenced human health for centuries, yet an overarching concept to study these activities across nations, time periods, and industries (called ‘the commercial determinants of health’ (CDH)) has emerged only recently. The purpose of this review was to assess the descriptive characteristics of CDH research and to identify remaining research gaps. Methods We systematically searched four databases (Scopus, OVID Medline, Ovid Embase, and Ovid Global Health) on Sept 13, 2022 for literature using CDH terms that described corporate activities that have the potential to influence population health and/or health equity (n = 116). We evaluated the following characteristics of the literature: methods employed, industries studied, regions investigated, funders, reported conflicts of interest, and publication in open-access formats. Results The characteristics of the articles included that many were conceptual (50/116 articles; 43%) or used qualitative methods (37; 32%). Only eight articles (7%) used quantitative or mixed methods. The articles most often discussed corporate activities in relation to the food and beverage (51/116; 44%), tobacco (20; 17%), and alcohol industries (19; 16%), with limited research on activities occurring in other industries. Most articles (42/58 articles reporting a regional focus; 72%) focused on corporate activities occurring in high-income regions of the world. Conclusions Our findings indicate that literature that has used CDH terms and described corporate practices that influence human health has primarily focused on three major industries in higher-income regions of the world. Qualitative methods were the most common empirical method for investigating these activities. CDH-focused investigations of corporate practices conducted by less-studied industries (e.g., social media) and in lower-income regions are recommended. Longitudinal quantitative studies assessing the associations between corporate practices and a range of health outcomes is also a ...

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300699Test

المؤلفون: Vu, Thi, Manalel, Jasmine, Nyhan, Kate, Wang, Katie, Monin, Joan

المساهمون: Anokye, Reindolf

المصدر: PLOS ONE ; volume 19, issue 2, page e0298024 ; ISSN 1932-6203

الوصف: Introduction The population of women aged 50 years and older living with HIV is increasing. Older women face unique challenges in the prevention and management of HIV; however, they are often under engaged in HIV/AIDS research. One such challenge is gender-based stigma, which can be manifested through harmful gendered stereotypes, discrimination, prejudice, and sexism that could potentially hinder HIV care engagement among this population. We propose a scoping review to identify and synthesize evidence pertaining to how experiences of gender-based stigma impacts HIV prevention and care among older women. Materials and methods We will use the framework by Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) to conduct this scoping review. We will search MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus for empirical literature published between January 1981 and the date of search commencement. Supplementary screening will be conducted using backwards citation chaining of the final list of included full-text articles. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles and abstracts for articles that meet the predetermined inclusion criteria. Two reviewers will also screen full-text articles and chart data using a standardized data collection form. Results We will synthesize the findings through tables, charts, and narrative summaries. We will also identify gaps in the current literature and provide recommendations for future research. Findings will be shared at conferences and submitted to a peer-reviewed publication. Discussion To our knowledge, this will be the first scoping review to examine gender-based stigma in relation to HIV prevention and care among older women. We anticipate that our results will be of interest to older women living with HIV, healthcare providers, policy makers, and community activists working to improve quality of life and care experiences for older women living with HIV.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298024Test

المؤلفون: Bartlett, Victoria L, Doernberg, Harry, Mooghali, Maryam, Gupta, Ravi, Wallach, Joshua D, Nyhan, Kate, Chen, Kai, Ross, Joseph S

المصدر: BMJ Medicine ; volume 3, issue 1, page e000627 ; ISSN 2754-0413

الوصف: Objective To better understand the state of research on the effects of climate change on human health, including exposures, health conditions, populations, areas of the world studied, funding sources, and publication characteristics, with a focus on topics that are relevant for populations at risk. Design Cross sectional study. Data sources The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences climate change and human health literature portal, a curated bibliographical database of global peer reviewed research and grey literature was searched. The database combines searches of multiple search engines including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and includes added-value expert tagging of climate change exposures and health impacts. Eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria were peer reviewed, original research articles that investigated the health effects of climate change and were published in English from 2012 to 2021. After identification, a 10% random sample was selected to manually perform a detailed characterisation of research topics and publication information. Results 10 325 original research articles were published between 2012 and 2021, and the number of articles increased by 23% annually. In a random sample of 1014 articles, several gaps were found in research topics that are particularly relevant to populations at risk, such as those in the global south (134 countries established through the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation) (n=444; 43.8%), adults aged 65 years or older (n=195; 19.2%), and on topics related to human conflict and migration (n=25; 2.5%) and food and water quality and security (n=148; 14.6%). Additionally, fewer first authors were from the global south (n=349; 34.4%), which may partly explain why research focusing on these countries is disproportionally less. Conclusions Although the body of research on the health effects of climate change has grown substantially over the past decade, including those with a focus on the global south, a disproportionate focus ...

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000627Test

المؤلفون: Wu, Bohao, Shabanova, Veronika, Arslanian, Kendall, Nyhan, Kate, Izampuye, Elizabeth, Taylor, Sarah, Muasau-Howard, Bethel, Ekeroma, Alec, Hawley, Nicola L.

المساهمون: Rocha, Hermano Alexandre Lima, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

المصدر: PLOS Global Public Health ; volume 3, issue 6, page e0001000 ; ISSN 2767-3375

الوصف: The epidemiology of preterm birth among Pacific Islanders is minimally understood. The purpose of this study was to estimate pooled prevalence of preterm birth among Pacific Islanders and to estimate their risk of preterm birth compared to White/European women. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Global Health, and two regional journals in March 2023. Observational studies were included if they reported preterm birth-related outcomes among Pacific Islanders. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled prevalence of preterm birth with 95% confidence interval (CI). Bayes meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% highest posterior density intervals (HPDI). The Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used for risk of bias assessment. We estimated preterm birth prevalence among Pacific Islanders in the United States (US, 11.8%, sample size [SS] = 209,930, 95% CI 10.8%-12.8%), the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI, SS = 29,036, 6.7%, 95% CI 4.9%-9.0%), New Zealand (SS = 252,162, 7.7%, 95% CI 7.1%-8.3%), Australia (SS = 20,225, 6.1%, 95% CI 4.2%-8.7%), and Papua New Guinea (SS = 2,647, 7.0%, 95% CI 5.6%-8.8%). Pacific Islanders resident in the US were more likely to experience preterm birth compared to White women (OR = 1.45, 95% HPDI 1.32–1.58), but in New Zealand their risk was similar (OR = 1.00, 95% HPDI 0.83–1.16) to European women. Existing literature indicates that Pacific Islanders in the US had a higher prevalence of preterm birth and experienced health inequities. Learning from New Zealand’s culturally-sensitive approach to health care provision may provide a starting point for addressing disparities. The limited number of studies identified may contribute to higher risk of bias and the heterogeneity in our estimates; more data is needed to understand the true burden of preterm birth in the Pacific region.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001000Test

المؤلفون: Choy, Courtney C., Nyhan, Kate, Savusa, Kima, Soti-Ulberg, Christina, Rosen, Rochelle K., Naseri, Take, Hawley, Nicola L., Sharifi, Mona

المساهمون: Magni, Paolo, Fogarty International Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

المصدر: PLOS ONE ; volume 18, issue 1, page e0280888 ; ISSN 1932-6203

الوصف: Introduction Multicomponent interventions can reduce cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors in childhood; however, little synthesis of the literature has taken place in the Pacific region. Pacific Islanders experience a disproportionately high prevalence of CMD risk factors, yet interventions have been slow to reach many communities. We present this protocol for a scoping review to identify and summarize existing multicomponent interventions to address CMD risk in Pacific Islander children. Materials and methods Eligible interventions will (1) address CMD risk factors (including but not limited to obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and/or health behaviors) in 2-to-12-year-old Pacific Islander children, and (2) be multi-component (including at least two lifestyle/behavior change strategies to address CMD risk factors). To investigate existing interventions for adaptation and potential use in Pacific Islander communities, we will search Scopus, MEDLINE ALL (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Yale-licensed Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, Global Health (EBSCO), non-indexed Pacific journals, grey literature, government reports, and clinical trial registrations. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews will guide data extraction, evidence mapping, synthesis, and reporting of information including study population, intervention components, behavioral changes, health and implementation outcomes, theoretical frameworks, and evaluation measures. Ethics and dissemination Formal ethical approval is not required. The dissemination strategy will include peer-reviewed journal publications and presentations. Synthesis of existing multicomponent interventions for Pacific Islander children will help to identify best practices that could be replicated, adapted, or combined.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280888Test

المؤلفون: Kazemitabar, Maryam, Nyhan, Kate, Makableh, Natalie, Minahan-Rowley, Rebecca, Ali, Malak, Wazaify, Mayyada, Tetrault, Jeanette, Khoshnood, Kaveh

المساهمون: Nakhostin-Ansari, Amin

المصدر: PLOS ONE ; volume 18, issue 10, page e0292535 ; ISSN 1932-6203

الوصف: Background Understanding the epidemiology of substance use disorders (SUDs) and mental health disorders (MHDs) among forced migrants from the Middle East and North Africa and Türkiye (MENAT) region is of utmost importance given their distinct challenges and vulnerabilities. Existing research on the topic is substantial; however, comprehensive systematic reviews are limited. We aim to conduct a systematic literature review to bridge this gap, providing a thorough understanding of SUDs and MHDs epidemiology among this population. Methods The systematic review will include original, peer-reviewed research articles published in English or Arabic between 2013 and 2023. It will encompass qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies focusing on SUDs and/or MHDs among forced migrants from the MENAT region. A Medline (via Ovid) search strategy was developed and will be translated into databases of EMBASE (via Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection (as licensed at Yale), and CINAHL. Risk of Bias in the included studies will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for observational studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) 2 tool for intervention studies. Meta-analysis using random-effects models will be conducted and subgroup analyses based on studies’ data will be performed. The systematic review will be conducted based on the framework introduced by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Additionally, the PRISMA-P extension for systematic reviews was used to report the present protocol. The present systematic review protocol has been registered with PROSPERO, an international prospective register of systematic reviews. The review’s registration ID is CRD42021286882 . Discussion The systematic review aims to explore, identify and synthesize the evidence to reveal the epidemiology of SU and/or MH of forced migrants of the MENAT region as described in this protocol. In sum, the review will provide evidence to fill the gap in the literature and help the stakeholders, policymakers, and health providers ...

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292535Test

المؤلفون: Zhu, Cenjing, Tran, Phoebe M, Leifheit, Erica C, Spatz, Erica S, Dreyer, Rachel P, Nyhan, Kate, Wang, Shi-Yi, Lichtman, Judith H

المساهمون: Bäck, Magnus

المصدر: European Heart Journal Open ; volume 3, issue 2 ; ISSN 2752-4191

الوصف: Aims Little is known about the relationship between marital/partner status and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following myocardial infarction (MI). We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis and explored potential sex differences. Methods and results We searched five databases (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) from inception to 27 July 2022. Peer-reviewed studies of MI patients that evaluated marital/partner status as an independent variable and reported its associations with defined PROMs were eligible for inclusion. Results for eligible studies were classified into four pre-specified outcome domains [health-related quality of life (HRQoL), functional status, symptoms, and personal recovery (i.e. self-efficacy, adherence, and purpose/hope)]. Study quality was appraised using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and data were synthesized by outcome domains. We conducted subgroup analysis by sex. We included 34 studies (n = 16 712), of which 11 were included in meta-analyses. Being married/partnered was significantly associated with higher HRQoL {six studies [n = 2734]; pooled standardized mean difference, 0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12–0.63], I2 = 51%} but not depression [three studies (n = 2005); pooled odds ratio, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.32–1.64); I2 = 65%] or self-efficacy [two studies (n = 356); pooled β, 0.03 (95% CI, −0.09 to 0.14); I2 = 0%]. The associations of marital/partner status with functional status, personal recovery outcomes, and symptoms of anxiety and fatigue were mixed. Sex differences were not evident due to mixed results from the available studies. Conclusions Married/partnered MI patients had higher HRQoL than unpartnered patients, but the associations with functional, symptom, and personal recovery outcomes and sex differences were less clear. Our findings inform better methodological approaches and standardized reporting to facilitate future research on these relationships.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjopen/oead018Test
https://academic.oup.com/ehjopen/article-pdf/3/2/oead018/49556583/oead018.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Ellingson, Mallory K., Sheikha, Hassan, Nyhan, Kate, Oliveira, Carlos R., Niccolai, Linda M.

المساهمون: National Institutes of Health

المصدر: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics ; volume 19, issue 2 ; ISSN 2164-5515 2164-554X

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2023.2239085Test

المؤلفون: Taggart, Tamara, Milburn, Norweeta G., Nyhan, Kate, Ritchwood, Tiarney D.

المصدر: Ethnicity & Disease, 2020 Apr 01. 30(2), 277-286.

الوصول الحر: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48668010Test