المؤلفون: McCarthy, Kathryn S., Magliano, Joseph P., Snyder, Jacob O., Kenney, Elizabeth A., Newton, Natalie N., Perret, Cecile A., Knezevic, Melanie, Allen, Laura K., McNamara, Danielle S.

المصدر: Grantee Submission. 2021Paper presented at ICLS (2021).

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 8

Sponsoring Agency: Institute of Education Sciences (ED)

الواصفات: Scoring Rubrics, Interrater Reliability, Design, Learning Processes, Discourse Analysis, Protocol Analysis, Educational Research

مستخلص: The objective in the current paper is to examine the processes of how our research team negotiated meaning using an iterative design approach as we established, developed, and refined a rubric to capture comprehension processes and strategies evident in students' verbal protocols. The overarching project comprises multiple data sets, multiple scientists across (distant) institutions, and multiple teams of discourse analysts who are tasked with scoring over 20,000 verbal protocols (i.e., think aloud, self-explanation) collected in studies conducted in the last decade. Here, we describe the iterative modifications, negotiations, and realizations while coding our first subset comprising 7,559 individual verbal protocols. Drawing upon work in design research, we describe a process through which the research team has negotiated meaning around theory-driven codes and how this work has influenced our own ways of conceptualizing comprehension research, theory, and practice. [This paper was published in: "ICLS 2021 Proceedings," ISLS, 2021, pp. 139-146.]

Abstractor: As Provided

IES Funded: Yes

المؤلفون: Nicula, Bogdan, Dascalu, Mihai (ORCID 0000-0002-4815-9227), Newton, Natalie N., Orcutt, Ellen, McNamara, Danielle S.

المصدر: Grantee Submission. 2021 10.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 16

Sponsoring Agency: Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
Office of Naval Research (ONR) (DOD)

الواصفات: Computational Linguistics, Feedback (Response), Classification, Learning Processes, Reading Comprehension, Task Analysis, Syntax, Semantics, Networks, Artificial Intelligence, Models, Natural Language Processing, Scores, Transfer of Training, Computer Software, Phrase Structure, Linguistic Input

مستخلص: Learning to paraphrase supports both writing ability and reading comprehension, particularly for less skilled learners. As such, educational tools that integrate automated evaluations of paraphrases can be used to provide timely feedback to enhance learner paraphrasing skills more efficiently and effectively. Paraphrase identification is a popular NLP classification task that involves establishing whether two sentences share a similar meaning. Paraphrase quality assessment is a slightly more complex task, in which pairs of sentences are evaluated in-depth across multiple dimensions. In this study, we focus on four dimensions: lexical, syntactical, semantic, and overall quality. Our study introduces and evaluates various machine learning models using handcrafted features combined with Extra Trees, Siamese neural networks using BiLSTM RNNs, and pretrained BERT-based models, together with transfer learning from a larger general paraphrase corpus, to estimate the quality of paraphrases across the four dimensions. Two datasets are considered for the tasks involving paraphrase quality: ULPC (User Language Paraphrase Corpus) containing 1998 paraphrases and a smaller dataset with 115 paraphrases based on children's inputs. The paraphrase identification dataset used for the transfer learning task is the MSRP dataset (Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus) containing 5801 paraphrases. On the ULPC dataset, our BERT model improves upon the previous baseline by at least 0.1 in F1-score across the four dimensions. When using fine-tuning from ULPC for the children dataset, both the BERT and Siamese neural network models improve upon their original scores by at least 0.11 F1-score. The results of these experiments suggest that transfer learning using generic paraphrase identification datasets can be successful, while at the same time obtaining comparable results in fewer epochs.

Abstractor: As Provided

IES Funded: Yes

المؤلفون: Bharucha, T., Gangadharan, B., Clarke, R., Gomez Fernandez, L., Yohan Arman, B., Walsby-Tickle, J., Deats, M., Mosca, S., Lin, Q., Stokes, R., Dunachie, S., Merchant, H. A., Dubot-Pérès, A., Caillet, C., McCullagh, J., Matousek, P., Zitzmann, N., Newton, P. N.

الوصف: Substandard (including degraded) and falsified (SF) vaccines are a relatively neglected issue with serious global implications for public health. This has been highlighted during the rapid and widespread rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. There has been increasing interest in devices to screen for SF non-vaccine medicines including tablets and capsules to empower inspectors and standardise surveillance. However, there has been very limited published research focussed on repurposing or developing new devices for screening for SF vaccines. To our knowledge, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have not been used for this purpose but have important potential for detecting falsified vaccines. We performed a proof-in-principle study to investigate their diagnostic accuracy using a diverse range of RDT-vaccine/falsified vaccine surrogate pairs. In an initial assessment, we demonstrated the utility of four RDTs in detecting seven vaccines. Subsequently, the four RDTs were evaluated by three blinded assessors with seven vaccines and four falsified vaccines surrogates. The results provide preliminary data that RDTs could be used by multiple international organisations, national medicines regulators and vaccine manufacturers/distributors to screen for falsified vaccines in supply chains, aligned with the WHO global ‘Prevent, Detect and Respond’ strategy.

العلاقة: https://repository.uel.ac.uk/download/29fec2be91b6d784b2d9c5c8c201e3b340f2bb5884cfa2482449ae5f4e3dcc6c/2693956/1-s2.0-S0264410X24000197-main.pdfTest; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.019Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.019Test
https://repository.uel.ac.uk/item/8x9v7Test
https://repository.uel.ac.uk/download/29fec2be91b6d784b2d9c5c8c201e3b340f2bb5884cfa2482449ae5f4e3dcc6c/2693956/1-s2.0-S0264410X24000197-main.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Mukaka, Mavuto, Peerawaranun, Pimnara, Parker, Daniel M, Kajeechiwa, Ladda, Nosten, Francois H, Nguyen, Thuy-Nhien, Hien, Tran Tinh, Tripura, Rupam, Peto, Thomas J, Phommasone, Koukeo, Mayxay, Mayfong, Newton, Paul N, Imwong, Mallika, Day, Nicholas PJ, Dondorp, Arjen M, White, Nicholas J, von Seidlein, Lorenz

المصدر: Malaria Journal. 20(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Vector-Borne Diseases, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases, Malaria, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Asia, Southeastern, Case Management, Cluster Analysis, Family Characteristics, Prevalence, Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Tropical Medicine, Medical microbiology, Public health

الوصف: BackgroundMalaria reactive case detection is the testing and, if positive, treatment of close contacts of index cases. It is included in national malaria control programmes of countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion to accelerate malaria elimination. Yet the value of reactive case detection in the control and elimination of malaria remains controversial because of the low yield, limited evidence for impact, and high demands on resources.MethodsData from the epidemiological assessments of large mass drug administration (MDA) studies in Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos were analysed to explore malaria infection clustering in households. The proportion of malaria positive cases among contacts screened in a hypothetical reactive case detection programme was then determined. The parasite density thresholds for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) detection was assumed to be > 50/µL (50,000/mL), for dried-blood-spot (DBS) based PCR > 5/µL (5000/mL), and for ultrasensitive PCR (uPCR) with a validated limit of detection at 0.0022/µL (22/mL).ResultsAt baseline, before MDA, 1223 Plasmodium infections were detected by uPCR in 693 households. There was clustering of Plasmodium infections. In 637 households with asymptomatic infections 44% (278/637) had more than one member with Plasmodium infections. In the 132 households with symptomatic infections, 65% (86/132) had more than one member with Plasmodium infections. At baseline 4% of households had more than one Plasmodium falciparum infection, but three months after MDA no household had more than one P. falciparum infected member. Reactive case detection using DBS PCR would have detected ten additional cases in six households, and an RDT screen would have detected five additional cases in three households among the 169 households with at least one RDT positive case. This translates to 19 and 9 additional cases identified per 1000 people screened, respectively. Overall, assuming all febrile RDT positive patients would seek treatment and provoke reactive case detection using RDTs, then 1047 of 1052 (99.5%) Plasmodium infections in these communities would have remained undetected.ConclusionReactive case detection in the Greater Mekong subregion is predicted to have a negligible impact on the malaria burden, but it has substantial costs in terms of human and financial resources.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/00014463Test

المؤلفون: Roberts, Tamalee, Parker, Daniel M, Bulterys, Philip L, Rattanavong, Sayaphet, Elliott, Ivo, Phommasone, Koukeo, Mayxay, Mayfong, Chansamouth, Vilada, Robinson, Matthew T, Blacksell, Stuart D, Newton, Paul N

المصدر: PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 15(8)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Tropical Medicine, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences

الوصف: BackgroundScrub typhus (ST) and murine typhus (MT) are common but poorly understood causes of fever in Laos. We examined the spatial and temporal distribution of ST and MT, with the intent of informing interventions to prevent and control both diseases.Methodology and principle findingsThis study included samples submitted from 2003 to 2017 to Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, for ST and MT investigation. Serum samples were tested using IgM rapid diagnostic tests. Patient demographic data along with meteorological and environmental data from Laos were analysed. Approximately 17% of patients were positive for either ST (1,337/8,150 patients tested) or MT (1,283/7,552 patients tested). While both diseases occurred in inhabitants from Vientiane Capital, from the univariable analysis MT was positively and ST negatively associated with residence in Vientiane Capital. ST was highly seasonal, with cases two times more likely to occur during the wet season months of July-September compared to the dry season whilst MT peaked in the dry season. Multivariable regression analysis linked ST incidence to fluctuations in relative humidity whereas MT was linked to variation in temperature. Patients with ST infection were more likely to come from villages with higher levels of surface flooding and vegetation in the 16 days leading up to diagnosis.ConclusionsThe data suggest that as cities expand, high risk areas for MT will also expand. With global heating and risks of attendant higher precipitation, these data suggest that the incidence and spatial distribution of both MT and ST will increase.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4dc782dqTest

المؤلفون: Rattanavong, Sayaphet, Dubot-Pérès, Audrey, Mayxay, Mayfong, Vongsouvath, Manivanh, Lee, Sue J, Cappelle, Julien, Newton, Paul N, Parker, Daniel M

المصدر: PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 14(5)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Humans, Encephalitis Virus, Japanese, Cryptococcus, Bacterial Infections, Central Nervous System Infections, Cryptococcosis, Encephalitis, Japanese, Retrospective Studies, Demography, Adolescent, Adult, Middle Aged, Child, Laos, Female, Male, Young Adult, Spatial Analysis, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Tropical Medicine

الوصف: BACKGROUND:Central nervous system (CNS) infections are important contributors to morbidity and mortality and the causative agents for ~50% patients are never identified. The causative agents of some CNS infections have distinct spatial and temporal patterns. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Here we present the results of a spatial epidemiological and ecological analysis of CNS infections in Lao PDR (2003-2011). The data came from hospitalizations for suspected CNS infection at Mahosot Hospital in Vientiane. Out of 1,065 patients, 450 were assigned a confirmed diagnosis. While many communities in Lao PDR are in rural and remote locations, most patients in these data came from villages along major roads. Japanese encephalitis virus ((JEV); n = 94) and Cryptococcus spp. (n = 70) were the most common infections. JEV infections peaked in the rainy season and JEV patients came from villages with higher surface flooding during the same month as admission. JEV infections were spatially dispersed throughout rural areas and were most common in children. Cryptococcus spp. infections clustered near Vientiane (an urban area) and among adults. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:The spatial and temporal patterns identified in this analysis are related to complex environmental, social, and geographic factors. For example, JEV infected patients came from locations with environmental conditions (surface water) that are suitable to support larger mosquito vector populations. Most patients in these data came from villages that are near major roads; likely the result of geographic and financial access to healthcare and also indicating that CNS diseases are underestimated in the region (especially from more remote areas). As Lao PDR is undergoing major developmental and environmental changes, the space-time distributions of the causative agents of CNS infection will also likely change. There is a major need for increased diagnostic abilities; increased access to healthcare, especially for rural populations; and for increased surveillance throughout the nation.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3pk694ksTest

المؤلفون: Phommasone, Koukeo, van Leth, Frank, Peto, Thomas J, Landier, Jordi, Nguyen, Thuy-Nhien, Tripura, Rupam, Pongvongsa, Tiengkham, Lwin, Khin Maung, Kajeechiwa, Ladda, Thwin, May Myo, Parker, Daniel M, Wiladphaingern, Jacher, Nosten, Suphak, Proux, Stephane, Nguon, Chea, Davoeung, Chan, Rekol, Huy, Adhikari, Bipin, Promnarate, Cholrawee, Chotivanich, Kesinee, Hanboonkunupakarn, Borimas, Jittmala, Podjanee, Cheah, Phaik Yeong, Dhorda, Mehul, Imwong, Mallika, Mukaka, Mavuto, Peerawaranun, Pimnara, Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon, Newton, Paul N, Thwaites, Guy E, Day, Nicholas PJ, Mayxay, Mayfong, Hien, Tran Tinh, Nosten, Francois H, Cobelens, Frank, Dondorp, Arjen M, White, Nicholas J, von Seidlein, Lorenz

المصدر: PLOS ONE. 15(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Rare Diseases, Vector-Borne Diseases, Prevention, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Malaria, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Antimalarials, Artemisinins, Cambodia, Child, Female, Humans, Malaria, Falciparum, Malaria, Vivax, Male, Mass Drug Administration, Myanmar, Prevalence, Primaquine, Quinolines, Recurrence, Treatment Outcome, Vietnam, Young Adult, General Science & Technology

الوصف: BackgroundMass administrations of antimalarial drugs (MDA) have reduced the incidence and prevalence of P. falciparum infections in a trial in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Here we assess the impact of the MDA on P. vivax infections.MethodsBetween May 2013 and July 2017, four villages in each Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia and Lao PDR were selected based on high prevalence of P. falciparum infections. Eight of the 16 villages were randomly assigned to receive MDA consisting of three-monthly rounds of three-day courses of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and, except in Cambodia, a single low-dose of primaquine. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted at quarterly intervals to detect Plasmodium infections using ultrasensitive qPCR. The difference in the cumulative incidence between the groups was assessed through a discrete time survival approach, the difference in prevalence through a difference-in-difference analysis, and the difference in the number of participants with a recurrence of P. vivax infection through a mixed-effect logistic regression.Results3,790 (86%) residents in the intervention villages participated in at least one MDA round, of whom 2,520 (57%) participated in three rounds. The prevalence of P. vivax infections fell from 9.31% to 0.89% at month 3 but rebounded by six months to 5.81%. There was no evidence that the intervention reduced the cumulative incidence of P.vivax infections (95% confidence interval [CI] Odds ratio (OR): 0.29 to 1.36). Similarly, there was no evidence of MDA related reduction in the number of participants with at least one recurrent infection (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.08 to 1.42).ConclusionMDA with schizontocidal drugs had a lasting effect on P. falciparum infections but only a transient effect on the prevalence of P. vivax infections. Radical cure with an 8-aminoquinoline will be needed for the rapid elimination of vivax malaria.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/39r8z4w6Test

المؤلفون: Adhikari, Bipin, Phommasone, Koukeo, Pongvongsa, Tiengkham, Koummarasy, Palingnaphone, Soundala, Xayaphone, Henriques, Gisela, Sirithiranont, Pasathorn, Parker, Daniel M, von Seidlein, Lorenz, White, Nicholas J, Day, Nicholas PJ, Dondorp, Arjen M, Newton, Paul N, Cheah, Phaik Yeong, Pell, Christopher, Mayxay, Mayfong

المصدر: BMC Health Services Research. 19(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Health Services and Systems, Nursing, Public Health, Health Sciences, Vector-Borne Diseases, Health Services, Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Female, Fever, Focus Groups, Humans, Laos, Malaria, Male, Medicine, Traditional, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health seeking, Febrile illness, On the counter, Resistance, Elimination, Library and Information Studies, Public Health and Health Services, Health Policy & Services, Health services and systems, Public health

الوصف: BackgroundHow people respond to febrile illness is critical to malaria prevention, control, and ultimately elimination. This article explores factors affecting treatment-seeking behaviour for febrile illnesses in a remote area of Lao PDR.MethodsHousehold heads or their representatives (n = 281) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A total of twelve focus group discussions (FGDs) each with eight to ten participants were conducted in four villages. In addition, observations were recorded as field notes (n = 130) and were used to collect information on the local context, including the treatment seeking behaviour and the health services.ResultsAlmost three-quarters (201/281) of respondents reported fever in past two months. Most (92%, 185/201) sought treatment of which 80% (149/185) sought treatment at a health centre. Geographic proximity to a health centre (AOR = 6.5; CI = 1.74-24.25; for those  3.6 km) and previous experience of attending a health centre (AOR = 4.7; CI = 1.2-19.1) were strong predictors of visiting a health centre for febrile symptoms. During FGDs, respondents described seeking treatment from traditional healers and at health centre for mild to moderate illnesses. Respondents also explained how if symptoms, including fever, were severe or persisted after receiving treatment elsewhere, they sought assistance at health centres. Access to local health centres/hospitals was often constrained by a lack of transportation and an ability to meet the direct and indirect costs of a visit.ConclusionIn Nong District, a rural area bordering Vietnam, people seek care from health centres offering allopathic medicine and from spiritual healers. Decisions about where and when to attend health care depended on their economic status, mobility (distance to the health centre, road conditions, availability of transport), symptoms severity and illness recognition. Current and future malaria control/elimination programmes could benefit from greater collaboration with the locally accessible sources of treatments, such as health volunteers and traditional healers.

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/412624dxTest

المؤلفون: von Seidlein, Lorenz, Peto, Thomas J, Landier, Jordi, Nguyen, Thuy-Nhien, Tripura, Rupam, Phommasone, Koukeo, Pongvongsa, Tiengkham, Lwin, Khin Maung, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Kajeechiwa, Ladda, Thwin, May Myo, Parker, Daniel M, Wiladphaingern, Jacher, Nosten, Suphak, Proux, Stephane, Corbel, Vincent, Tuong-Vy, Nguyen, Phuc-Nhi, Truong Le, Son, Do Hung, Huong-Thu, Pham Nguyen, Tuyen, Nguyen Thi Kim, Tien, Nguyen Thanh, Dong, Le Thanh, Hue, Dao Van, Quang, Huynh Hong, Nguon, Chea, Davoeung, Chan, Rekol, Huy, Adhikari, Bipin, Henriques, Gisela, Phongmany, Panom, Suangkanarat, Preyanan, Jeeyapant, Atthanee, Vihokhern, Benchawan, van der Pluijm, Rob W, Lubell, Yoel, White, Lisa J, Aguas, Ricardo, Promnarate, Cholrawee, Sirithiranont, Pasathorn, Malleret, Benoit, Rénia, Laurent, Onsjö, Carl, Chan, Xin Hui, Chalk, Jeremy, Miotto, Olivo, Patumrat, Krittaya, Chotivanich, Kesinee, Hanboonkunupakarn, Borimas, Jittmala, Podjanee, Kaehler, Nils, Cheah, Phaik Yeong, Pell, Christopher, Dhorda, Mehul, Imwong, Mallika, Snounou, Georges, Mukaka, Mavuto, Peerawaranun, Pimnara, Lee, Sue J, Simpson, Julie A, Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Grobusch, Martin P, Cobelens, Frank, Smithuis, Frank, Newton, Paul N, Thwaites, Guy E, Day, Nicholas PJ, Mayxay, Mayfong, Hien, Tran Tinh, Nosten, Francois H, Dondorp, Arjen M, White, Nicholas J

المصدر: PLoS medicine. 16(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Humans, Malaria, Falciparum, Antimalarials, Cluster Analysis, Cross-Over Studies, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Asia, Southeastern, Female, Male, Young Adult, Disease Eradication, Mass Drug Administration, Malaria, Falciparum, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Asia, Southeastern, General & Internal Medicine, Medical and Health Sciences

الوصف: BackgroundThe emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) threatens global malaria elimination efforts. Mass drug administration (MDA), the presumptive antimalarial treatment of an entire population to clear the subclinical parasite reservoir, is a strategy to accelerate malaria elimination. We report a cluster randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) MDA in reducing falciparum malaria incidence and prevalence in 16 remote village populations in Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Lao People's Democratic Republic, where artemisinin resistance is prevalent.Methods and findingsAfter establishing vector control and community-based case management and following intensive community engagement, we used restricted randomisation within village pairs to select 8 villages to receive early DP MDA and 8 villages as controls for 12 months, after which the control villages received deferred DP MDA. The MDA comprised 3 monthly rounds of 3 daily doses of DP and, except in Cambodia, a single low dose of primaquine. We conducted exhaustive cross-sectional surveys of the entire population of each village at quarterly intervals using ultrasensitive quantitative PCR to detect Plasmodium infections. The study was conducted between May 2013 and July 2017. The investigators randomised 16 villages that had a total of 8,445 residents at the start of the study. Of these 8,445 residents, 4,135 (49%) residents living in 8 villages, plus an additional 288 newcomers to the villages, were randomised to receive early MDA; 3,790 out of the 4,423 (86%) participated in at least 1 MDA round, and 2,520 out of the 4,423 (57%) participated in all 3 rounds. The primary outcome, P. falciparum prevalence by month 3 (M3), fell by 92% (from 5.1% [171/3,340] to 0.4% [12/2,828]) in early MDA villages and by 29% (from 7.2% [246/3,405] to 5.1% [155/3,057]) in control villages. Over the following 9 months, the P. falciparum prevalence increased to 3.3% (96/2,881) in early MDA villages and to 6.1% (128/2,101) in control villages (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.41 [95% CI 0.20 to 0.84]; p = 0.015). Individual protection was proportional to the number of completed MDA rounds. Of 221 participants with subclinical P. falciparum infections who participated in MDA and could be followed up, 207 (94%) cleared their infections, including 9 of 10 with artemisinin- and piperaquine-resistant infections. The DP MDAs were well tolerated; 6 severe adverse events were detected during the follow-up period, but none was attributable to the intervention.ConclusionsAdded to community-based basic malaria control measures, 3 monthly rounds of DP MDA reduced the incidence and prevalence of falciparum malaria over a 1-year period in areas affected by artemisinin resistance. P. falciparum infections returned during the follow-up period as the remaining infections spread and malaria was reintroduced from surrounding areas. Limitations of this study include a relatively small sample of villages, heterogeneity between villages, and mobility of villagers that may have limited the impact of the intervention. These results suggest that, if used as part of a comprehensive, well-organised, and well-resourced elimination programme, DP MDA can be a useful additional tool to accelerate malaria elimination.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01872702.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wh2135zTest

المؤلفون: Snaith, A. E., Dunn, S. J., Moran, R. A., Newton, P. N., Dance, D. A. B., Davong, V., Kuenzli, E., Kantele, A., Corander, J., McNally, A.

الوصف: Increased colonization by antimicrobial-resistant organisms is closely associated with international travel. This study investigated the diversity of mobile genetic elements involved with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli that colonized travellers to Laos. Long-read sequencing was used to reconstruct complete plasmid sequences from 48 isolates obtained from the daily stool samples of 23 travellers over a 3 week period. This method revealed a collection of 105 distinct plasmids, 38.1 % (n=40) of which carried AMR genes. The plasmids in this population were diverse, mostly unreported and included 38 replicon types, with F-type plasmids (n=23) the most prevalent amongst those carrying AMR genes. Fine-scale analysis of all plasmids identified numerous AMR gene contexts and emphasized the importance of IS elements, specifically members of the IS6/IS26 family, in the evolution of complex multidrug resistance regions. We found a concerning convergence of ESBL and colistin resistance determinants, with three plasmids from two different F-type lineages carrying bla (CTX-M) and mcr genes. The extensive diversity seen here highlights the worrying probability that stable new vehicles for AMR will evolve in E. coli populations that can disseminate internationally through travel networks.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: https://edoc.unibas.ch/94905/1/20230605140031_647dce5fafe1c.pdfTest; Snaith, A. E. and Dunn, S. J. and Moran, R. A. and Newton, P. N. and Dance, D. A. B. and Davong, V. and Kuenzli, E. and Kantele, A. and Corander, J. and McNally, A. (2023) The highly diverse plasmid population found in Escherichia coli colonizing travellers to Laos and its role in antimicrobial resistance gene carriage. Microb Genom, 9 (5). 001000.; info:pmid/37171860; urn:ISSN:2057-5858 (Electronic)2057-5858 (Linking)

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.001000Test
https://edoc.unibas.ch/94905Test/
https://edoc.unibas.ch/94905/1/20230605140031_647dce5fafe1c.pdfTest