المؤلفون: Sonnino, Giorgio, Peeters, Philippe, Nardone, Pasquale

مصطلحات موضوعية: Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Physics - Biological Physics

الوصف: This work provides an overview on deterministic and stochastic models that have previously been proposed by us to study the transmission dynamics of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Europe and USA. Briefly, we describe realistic deterministic and stochastic models for the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, subject to the lockdown and quarantine measures, which take into account the time-delay for recovery or death processes. Realistic dynamic equations for the entire process have been derived by adopting the so-called "kinetic-type reactions approach". The lockdown and the quarantine measures are modelled by some kind of inhibitor reactions where susceptible and infected individuals can be "trapped" into inactive states. The dynamics for the recovered people is obtained by accounting people who are only traced back to hospitalised infected people. To model the role of the Hospitals we take inspiration from the Michaelis-Menten's enzyme-substrate reaction model (the so-called "MM reaction") where the "enzyme" is associated to the "available hospital beds", the "substrate" to the "infected people", and the "product" to the "recovered people", respectively. The statistical properties of the models, in particular the relevant correlation functions and the probability density functions, have duly been evaluated. We validate our theoretical predictions with a large series of experimental data for Italy, Germany, France, Belgium and United States, and we also compare data for Italy and Belgium with the theoretical predictions of the logistic model. We found that our predictions are in good agreement with the real world since the onset of COVID 19, contrary to the the logistics model that only applies in the first days of the pandemic. In the final part of the work, we can find the (theoretical) relationships that should be satisfied to obtain the disappearance of the virus.
Comment: 51 pages, 39 Figures. Review/Research Manuscript on modelling the dynamics of SARS-CoV 2 Infection. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2101.05596, arXiv:2012.01869

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.12692Test

المؤلفون: Sonnino, Giorgio, Peeters, Philippe, Nardone, Pasquale, Tirapegui, Enrique

مصطلحات موضوعية: Physics - Plasma Physics

الوصف: In previous work we provided the explicit form of the nonlinear PDEs, subjected to the appropriate boundary conditions, which have to be satisfied by transport coefficients for systems out of Onsager's region. Since the proposed PDEs are obtained without neglecting any term present in the balance equations (i.e., the mass, momentum, and energy balance equations), we propose them as a good candidate for describing also transport in thermodynamic systems in turbulent regimes. As a special case, we derive the nonlinear PDEs for transport coefficients when the thermodynamic system is subjected to two thermodynamic forces. In this case, the obtained PDE is, in thermodynamical field theory (TFT), analogous to Liouville's equation in Riemannian (or pseudo-Riemannian) geometry. The validity of our model is tested by analyzing a concrete example where Onsager's relations manifestly disagree with experience: transport in Tokamak-plasmas. More specifically, we compute the electron mass and energy losses in turbulent FTU (Frascati Tokamak Upgrade)-plasmas. We show the agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental observations. This approach allows for predicting the values of the Bohm and the gyro-Bohm coefficients. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that such coefficients have been evaluated analytically. The aim of this series of works is to apply our approach to the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT), to be built in Italy, and to ITER.
Comment: 41 pages, 2 Tables, and 15 Figures. Note. Upon request of the reviewers, in this revised version the overlaps have been eliminated. The manuscript has been accepted for publication. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.15315

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.08310Test

المؤلفون: Rojo, Pablo, Moraleda, Cinta, Tagarro, Alfredo, Domínguez-Rodríguez, Sara, Castillo, Lola Madrid, Tato, Luis Manuel Prieto, López, Aranzazu Sancho, Manukyan, Lilit, Marcy, Olivier, Leroy, Valeriane, Nardone, Alessandra, Burger, David, Bassat, Quique, Bates, Matthew, Moh, Raoul, Iroh Tam, Pui-Ying, Mvalo, Tisungane, Magallhaes, Justina, Buck, W Chris, Sacarlal, Jahit, Musiime, Victor, Chabala, Chishala, Mujuru, Hilda Angela

المصدر: Trials. 23(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Rare Diseases, Pneumonia, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Tuberculosis, Pediatric, Patient Safety, HIV/AIDS, Clinical Research, Pneumonia & Influenza, Lung, Orphan Drug, Infectious Diseases, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Child, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Cytomegalovirus, Cytomegalovirus Infections, HIV Infections, Humans, Infant, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Valganciclovir, Factorial, Empirical, HIV, Infants, Child mortality, Factorial randomized clinical trial, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, General & Internal Medicine, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology, Health services and systems

الوصف: BackgroundPneumonia is the primary cause of death among HIV-infected children in Africa, with mortality rates as high as 35-40% in infants hospitalized with severe pneumonia. Bacterial pathogens and Pneumocystis jirovecii are well known causes of pneumonia-related death, but other important causes such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and tuberculosis (TB) remain under-recognized and undertreated. The immune response elicited by CMV may be associated with the risk of developing TB and TB disease progression, and CMV may accelerate disease caused both by HIV and TB. Minimally invasive autopsies confirm that CMV and TB are unrecognized causes of death in children with HIV. CMV and TB may also co-infect the same child. The aim of this study is to compare the impact on 15-day and 1-year mortality of empirical treatment against TB and CMV plus standard of care (SoC) versus SoC in HIV-infected infants with severe pneumonia.MethodsThis is a Phase II-III, open-label randomized factorial (2 × 2) clinical trial, conducted in six African countries. The trial has four arms. Infants from 28 to 365 days of age HIV-infected and hospitalized with severe pneumonia will be randomized (1:1:1:1) to (i) SoC, (ii) valganciclovir, (iii) TB-T, and (iv) TB-T plus valganciclovir. The primary endpoint of the study is all-cause mortality, focusing on the short-term (up to 15 days) and long-term (up to 1 year) mortality. Secondary endpoints include repeat hospitalization, duration of oxygen therapy during initial admission, severe and notable adverse events, adverse reactions, CMV and TB prevalence at enrolment, TB incidence, CMV viral load reduction, and evaluation of diagnostic tests such as GeneXpert Ultra on fecal and nasopharyngeal aspirate samples and urine TB-LAM.DiscussionGiven the challenges in diagnosing CMV and TB in children and results from previous autopsy studies that show high rates of poly-infection in HIV-infected infants with respiratory disease, this study aims to evaluate a new approach including empirical treatment of CMV and TB for this patient population. The potential downsides of empirical treatment of these conditions include toxicity and medication interactions, which will be evaluated with pharmacokinetics sub-studies.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03915366, Universal Trial Number U111-1231-4736, Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201994797961340.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4wm7f0hrTest

المؤلفون: A. M. Borzì, V. Minio, R. De Plaen, T. Lecocq, S. Alparone, S. Aronica, F. Cannavò, F. Capodici, G. Ciraolo, S. D'Amico, D. Contrafatto, G. Di Grazia, I. Fontana, G. Giacalone, G. Larocca, C. Lo Re, G. Manno, G. Nardone, A. Orasi, M. Picone, G. Scicchitano, A. Cannata

المصدر: Ocean Science, Vol 20, Pp 1-20 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350

الوصف: In this work, we study a Mediterranean cyclone, Helios, which took place during 9–11 February 2023 in the southeastern part of Sicily and Malta, by a multiparametric approach combining microseism results with sea state and meteorological data provided by wavemeter buoy, HF radar, hindcast maps and satellite SEVIRI images. The sub-tropical system Helios caused heavy rainfall, strong wind gusts and violent storm surges with significant wave heights greater than 5 m. We deal with the relationships between such a system and the features of microseism (the most continuous and ubiquitous seismic signal on Earth) in terms of spectral content, space–time variation of the amplitude and source locations tracked by means of two methods (amplitude-based grid search and array techniques). By comparing the location of the microseism sources and the area affected by significant storm surges derived from sea state data, we note that the microseism location results are in agreement with the real position of the storm surges. In addition, we are able to obtain the seismic signature of Helios using a method that exploits the coherence of continuous seismic noise. Hence, we show how an innovative monitoring system of the Mediterranean cyclones can be designed by integrating microseism information with other techniques routinely used to study meteorological phenomena.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://os.copernicus.org/articles/20/1/2024/os-20-1-2024.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ed4248bb4b1c4b04a7f1b2ece6e33c57Test

المؤلفون: B. De Devitiis, F. Bimbo, R. Viscecchia, G. Nardone, A. Seccia, L. Monacis, M. Albenzio, A. Santillo

المصدر: Journal of Dairy Science, Vol 106, Iss 12, Pp 8469-8478 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: sheep milk yogurt, consumer acceptance, willingness to buy, multivariate logistic regression, Dairy processing. Dairy products, SF250.5-275, Dairying, SF221-250

الوصف: ABSTRACT: Testing consumer acceptance for a new product, such as the sheep milk–based yogurt, provides a measure of its market success, thus it informs producers on the effectiveness of their decision to transform sheep milk into yogurt to increase their revenues. This work explores to what extent consumers accept sheep milk–based yogurt and tests the role of personal-related factors and product-related features on shaping its acceptance. The study collects data from a representative sample of Italian yogurt consumers, and data are then analyzed via a logistic regression. Results show that male, highly educated, and high-income consumers are more likely than others to accept sheep milk–based yogurt. Findings suggest that consumers' food neophobia and variety seeking traits play a pivotal role in affecting consumer acceptance. Lastly, interest in nutritional and health-related yogurt features increases the probability of accepting sheep milk–based yogurt. Thus, sheep milk–based yogurt should be targeted at high-end male consumers and those interested in nutritional and health-related aspects of yogurt. Informing consumers about the sheep milk yogurt properties may further increase its acceptance and curb food neophobia, which we found to be one of the main barriers for the product acceptance. Future studies will explore consumer acceptance by using a real product and taste experiments.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223005969Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0022-0302Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/85d8b555d8bd4a57b17268ed11cb5191Test

المؤلفون: Annarita Fanizzi, Federico Fadda, Maria Colomba Comes, Samantha Bove, Annamaria Catino, Erika Di Benedetto, Angelo Milella, Michele Montrone, Annalisa Nardone, Clara Soranno, Alessandro Rizzo, Deniz Can Guven, Domenico Galetta, Raffaella Massafra

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract Non-Small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most dangerous cancers, with 85% of all new lung cancer diagnoses and a 30–55% of recurrence rate after surgery. Thus, an accurate prediction of recurrence risk in NSCLC patients during diagnosis could be essential to drive targeted therapies preventing either overtreatment or undertreatment of cancer patients. The radiomic analysis of CT images has already shown great potential in solving this task; specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have already been proposed providing good performances. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have been introduced, reaching comparable and even better performances than traditional CNNs in image classification. The aim of the proposed paper was to compare the performances of different state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to predict cancer recurrence in NSCLC patients. In this work, using a public database of 144 patients, we implemented a transfer learning approach, involving different Transformers architectures like pre-trained ViTs, pre-trained Pyramid Vision Transformers, and pre-trained Swin Transformers to predict the recurrence of NSCLC patients from CT images, comparing their performances with state-of-the-art CNNs. Although, the best performances in this study are reached via CNNs with AUC, Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Precision equal to 0.91, 0.89, 0.85, 0.90, and 0.78, respectively, Transformer architectures reach comparable ones with AUC, Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Precision equal to 0.90, 0.86, 0.81, 0.89, and 0.75, respectively. Based on our preliminary experimental results, it appears that Transformers architectures do not add improvements in terms of predictive performance to the addressed problem.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/355cb18e617c4a91bae039c14b60162dTest

المؤلفون: Chow, L. E., Yip, K. Y., Pierre, M., Zeng, S. W., Zhang, Z. T., Heil, T., Deuschle, J., Nandi, P., Sudheesh, S. K., Lim, Z. S., Luo, Z. Y., Nardone, M., Zitouni, A., van Aken, P. A., Goiran, M., Goh, S. K., Escoffier, W., Ariando, A.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons

الوصف: Superconductivity can be destroyed by a magnetic field with an upper bound known as the Pauli-limit in spin-singlet superconductors. Almost all the discovered superconductors are spin-singlet, with the highest transition temperature $T_c$ at ambient pressure achieved in the cuprate family. The closest cuprate analogue is the recently discovered infinite-layer nickelate, which hosts substantial structural and electronic similarity to the cuprate. A previous magnetotransport study on Nd$_{0.775}$Sr$_{0.225}$NiO$_2$ has observed an isotropic Pauli-limited upper critical field. Here, we report a large violation (>2 times) of Pauli-limit in every crystallographic directions in La$_{1-x}$(Ca/Sr)$_x$NiO$_2$ regardless of the doping $x$. Such a large violation of the Pauli-limit in all directions in La$_{1-x}$(Ca/Sr)$_x$NiO$_2$ is unexpected and unlikely accounted by a Fulde Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)-state, strong spin-orbit-coupling, strong-coupling or a large pseudogap. On the other hand, in agreement with the previous report, we observe a Pauli-limiting critical field in Nd$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$NiO$_2$ and the superconducting anisotropy decreases as doping increases, suggesting a spin-singlet pairing. Therefore, superconductivity in La$_{1-x}$(Ca/Sr)$_x$NiO$_2$ could be driven by a non-spin-singlet Cooper pairing mechanism with an attractive high-$T_c$ at 10 K, an order of magnitude higher than the known spin triplet superconductors, favourably extending the application of spin-triplet superconductivity in topological matter, non-dissipative spintronics, and quantum computing.
Comment: 21 pages, 4 main figures, 2 extended data

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.12606Test

المؤلفون: Loreta A. Kondili, Giuseppina Brancaccio, Maria Elena Tosti, Barbara Coco, Maria Giovanna Quaranta, Vincenzo Messina, Alessia Ciancio, Filomena Morisco, Valentina Cossiga, Ernesto Claar, Valerio Rosato, Marianna Ciarallo, Irene Cacciola, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Lucia Cerrito, Roberta Coppola, Francesco Longobardi, Elisa Biliotti, Alessia Rianda, Francesco Barbaro, Nicola Coppola, Maria Stanzione, Francesco Barchiesi, Stefano Fagiuoli, Mauro Viganò, Marco Massari, Francesco Paolo Russo, Alberto Ferrarese, Diletta Laccabue, Vito Di Marco, Pierluigi Blanc, Aldo Marrone, Giulia Morsica, Alessandro Federico, Donatella Ieluzzi, Alba Rocco, Francesco Giuseppe Foschi, Alessandro Soria, Ivana Maida, Luchino Chessa, Michele Milella, Elena Rosselli Del Turco, Salvatore Madonia, Liliana Chemello, Ivan Gentile, Pierluigi Toniutto, Matteo Bassetti, Lorenzo Surace, Leonardo Baiocchi, Adriano Pellicelli, Adriano De Santis, Massimo Puoti, Elisabetta Degasperi, Grazia Anna Niro, Anna Linda Zignego, Antonio Craxi, Giovanni Raimondo, Teresa Antonia Santantonio, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Alessio Aghemo, Chiara Baiguera, Pier Maria Battezzati, Sara Battistella, Maria Grazia Bavetta, Costanza Bertoni, Carolina Boni, Paola Brambilla, Antonella Bray, Federica Briano, Enrico Carmenini, Francesco Castelli, Luisa Cavalletto, Federica Cerini, Luciana Chidichimo, Elisa Colella, Giuliana Cologni, Silvia Como, Romina Corsini, Chiara Costa, Rosa Cotugno, Silvia Cretella, Fernando De Angelis, Pasqualina De Leo, Giovanni Di Perri, Elisabetta Falbo, Luigina Ferrigno, Ezio Fornasiere, Daniela Francisci, Pietro Gatti, Pietro Lampertico, Ilaria Lenci, Anna Licata, Alfredo Marzano, Antonio Mastroianni, Cesare Mazzaro, Monica Monti, Gerardo Nardone, Laura Ambra Nicolini, Nicola Passigato, Maria Bruna Pasticci, Piera Pierotti, Biagio Pinchera, Teresa Pollicino, Carmen Porcu, Giulia Quartini, Gabriele Rancatore, Mario Romeo, Maria Grazia Rumi, Annalisa Saracino, Ornella Schioppa, Ilaria Serio, Roberta Soffredini, Xhimi Tata, Marco Tizzani, Matteo Tonnini, Carlo Torti, Daniela Valenti, Serena Zaltron, Alessia Zoncada

المصدر: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 146, Iss , Pp 107115- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cohort, IFN treatment, Comorbidities, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

الوصف: Background and Aims: We aimed to characterize the epidemiologic and comorbidities profiles of patients with chronic Hepatitis D (CHD) followed in clinical practice in Italy and explored their interferon (IFN) eligibility. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the PITER cohort consisting of consecutive HBsAg-positive patients from 59 centers over the period 2019-2023. Multivariable analysis was performed by logistic regression model. Results: Of 5492 HBsAg-positive enrolled patients, 4152 (75.6%) were screened for HDV, 422 (10.2%) were anti-HDV positive. Compared with HBsAg mono-infected, anti-HDV positive patients were more often younger, non-Italians, with a history of drug use, had elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Compared with Italians, anti-HDV positive non-Italians were younger (42.2% age ≤ 40 years vs. 2.1%; P < 0.001), more often females (males 43.0% vs. 68.6%; P < 0.001) with less frequent cirrhosis and HCC. HDV-RNA was detected in 63.2% of anti-HDV-positive patients, who were more likely to have elevated ALT, cirrhosis, and HCC. Extrahepatic comorbidities were present in 47.4% of anti-HDV positive patients and could affect the eligibility of IFN-containing therapies in at least 53.0% of patients in care. Conclusions: CHD affects young, foreign-born patients and older Italians, of whom two-thirds had cirrhosis or HCC. Comorbidities were frequent in both Italians and non-Italians and impacted eligibility for IFN.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224001863Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1201-9712Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d176c063bea340bc95d90a2a253e2009Test

المؤلفون: Debora Compare, Costantino Sgamato, Alba Rocco, Pietro Coccoli, Durante Donnarumma, Stefano Andrea Marchitto, Sofia Cinque, Pietro Palmieri, Gerardo Nardone

المصدر: Endoscopy International Open, Vol 12, Iss 02, Pp E282-E290 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Endoscopy Small Bowel, Capsule endoscopy, Small intestinal bleeding, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2364-3722Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2196-9736Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4cd6ce8a23d54279a9339c985613c37cTest

المؤلفون: Vito Longo, Carminia Maria Della Corte, Alessandro Russo, Francesca Spinnato, Francesca Ambrosio, Riccardo Ronga, Antonella Marchese, Teresa Del Giudice, Concetta Sergi, Francesca Casaluce, Marina Gilli, Michele Montrone, Valerio Gristina, Vincenzo Sforza, Maria Lucia Reale, Raimondo Di Liello, Alberto Servetto, Helga Lipari, Claudio Longhitano, Laura Vizzini, Anna Manzo, Antonella Cristofano, Loretta Paolelli, Annalisa Nardone, Simona De Summa, Antonella Perrone, Carmela Bisceglia, Caterina Derosa, Valerio Nardone, Giuseppe Viscardi, Domenico Galetta, Fabiana Vitiello

المصدر: Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 14 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: consolidative radiotherapy, SCLC - small cell lung cancer, chemoimmunotherapy, innate immunity, safety, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607

الوصف: BackgroundConsolidative thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) has been commonly used in the management of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Nevertheless, phase III trials exploring first-line chemoimmunotherapy have excluded this treatment approach. However, there is a strong biological rationale to support the use of radiotherapy (RT) as a boost to sustain anti-tumor immune responses. Currently, the benefit of TRT after chemoimmunotherapy remains unclear. The present report describes the real-world experiences of 120 patients with ES-SCLC treated with different chemoimmunotherapy combinations. Preclinical data supporting the hypothesis of anti-tumor immune responses induced by RT are also presented.MethodsA total of 120 ES-SCLC patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy since 2019 in the South of Italy were retrospectively analyzed. None of the patients included in the analysis experienced disease progression after undergoing first-line chemoimmunotherapy. Of these, 59 patients underwent TRT after a multidisciplinary decision by the treatment team. Patient characteristics, chemoimmunotherapy schedule, and timing of TRT onset were assessed. Safety served as the primary endpoint, while efficacy measured in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was used as the secondary endpoint. Immune pathway activation induced by RT in SCLC cells was explored to investigate the biological rationale for combining RT and immunotherapy.ResultsPreclinical data supported the activation of innate immune pathways, including the STimulator of INterferon pathway (STING), gamma-interferon-inducible protein (IFI-16), and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) related to DNA and RNA release. Clinical data showed that TRT was associated with a good safety profile. Of the 59 patients treated with TRT, only 10% experienced radiation toxicity, while no ≥ G3 radiation-induced adverse events occurred. The median time for TRT onset after cycles of chemoimmunotherapy was 62 days. Total radiation dose and fraction dose of TRT include from 30 Gy in 10 fractions, up to definitive dose in selected patients. Consolidative TRT was associated with a significantly longer PFS than systemic therapy alone (one-year PFS of 61% vs. 31%, p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289434/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/0916d9972ccf47d690c1cb596c1e055dTest