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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Gaurav Sharma, Carlos Eduardo Rodriguez-Pardo
المصدر: IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 96573-96597 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Multiprimary displays, color gamut, gamut surface, color control, zonotope, gamut tiling, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
الوصف: Displays that render colors using combinations of more than three lights are referred to as multiprimary displays. For multiprimary displays, the gamut, i.e., the range of colors that can be rendered using additive combinations of an arbitrary number of light sources (primaries) with modulated intensities, is known to be a zonotope, which is a specific type of convex polytope. We develop a complete, cohesive, and directly usable mathematical characterization of the geometry of the multiprimary gamut zonotope. Our characterization immediately identifies the surface facets, edges, and vertices and provides a parallelepiped tiling of the gamut. We relate the parallelepiped tilings of the gamut, that arise naturally in our characterization, to the flexibility in color control afforded by displays with more than four primaries, a relation that is further analyzed and completed in a Part II companion paper. We demonstrate several applications of the geometric representations we develop and highlight how the paper advances theory required for multiprimary display modeling, design, and color management and provides an integrated view of past work on on these topics. Additionally, by demonstrating that the mathematical results we develop and present also apply more broadly to a large class of three dimensional zonotopes, we highlight how our work on gamut representations connects with and furthers the study of zonotopes in geometry.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Carlos Eduardo Rodriguez-Pardo, Gaurav Sharma
المصدر: IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 96912-96929 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Multiprimary displays, metameric control sets, color gamut, color control, color control function, zonotope tiling, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
الوصف: Multiprimary displays reproduce colors by using combinations of four or more lights that are referred to as primaries. A display control vector defines the relative intensities of the primaries and determines the rendered color. For multiprimary displays, a color may be reproduced using multiple alternative control vectors. We provide a complete characterization of the Metameric Control Set (MCS), i.e., the set of control vectors that reproduce a given color on the display. Specifically, we show that MCS is a convex polytope whose vertices are control vectors obtained from (parallelepiped) tilings of the gamut, i.e., the range of colors that the display can produce. The mathematical framework that we develop: (a) characterizes gamut tilings in terms of fundamental building blocks called facet spans that we identify and define, (b) establishes that the vertices of the MCS are fully characterized by the tilings of the gamut, and (c) introduces a methodology for the efficient enumeration of gamut tilings. The framework reveals the fundamental inter-relations between the geometry of the MCS and the geometry of the gamut developed in a companion Part I paper, and provides insight into alternative strategies for color control. Our characterization of tilings and the strategy for their enumeration also advance knowledge in geometry, providing new approaches and computational results for the enumeration of tilings for a broad class of zonotopes in ${\mathbb {R}}^{3}$ .
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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3تقرير
مصطلحات موضوعية: Signal Processing and Analysis, Computing and Processing, multiprimary displays, metameric control sets, color gamut, color control, color control function, zonotope tiling, polar zonohedra
الوصف: For multiprimary displays that have four or more primaries, a color may be reproduced using multiple alternative control vectors. We provide a complete characterization of the Metameric Control Set (MCS), i.e., the set of control vectors that reproduce a given color on the display. Specifically, we show that MCS is a convex polytope whose vertices are control vectors obtained from (parallelepiped) tilings of the gamut, i.e., the range of colors that the display can produce. The mathematical framework that we develop: (a) characterizes gamut tilings in terms of fundamental building blocks called facet spans, (b) establishes that the vertices of the MCS are fully characterized by the tilings of the gamut, and (c) introduces a methodology for the efficient enumeration of gamut tilings. The framework reveals the fundamental inter-relations between the geometry of the MCS and the geometry of the gamut developed in a companion Part I paper, and provides insight into alternative strategies for color control. Our characterization of tilings and the strategy for their enumeration also advance knowledge in geometry, providing new approaches and computational results for the enumeration of tilings for a broad class of zonotopes in R 3 .
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4تقرير
مصطلحات موضوعية: Signal Processing and Analysis, Computing and Processing, multiprimary displays, color gamut representations, gamut surface, color Control, zonotope, gamut tiling
الوصف: Displays that render colors using combinations of more than three lights are referred to as multiprimary displays. For multiprimary displays, the gamut, i.e., the range of colors that can be rendered using additive combinations of an arbitrary number of light sources (primaries) with modulated intensities, is known to be a zonotope, which is a specific type of convex polytope. Under the specific three-dimensional setting relevant for color representation and the constraint of physically meaningful nonnegative primaries, we develop a complete, cohesive, and directly usable mathematical characterization of the geometry of the multiprimary gamut zonotope that immediately identifies the surface facets, edges, and vertices and provides a parallelepiped tiling of the gamut. We relate the parallelepiped tilings of the gamut, that arise naturally in our characterization, to the flexibility in color control afforded by displays with more than four primaries, a relation that is further analyzed and completed in a Part II companion paper. We demonstrate several applications of the geometric representations we develop and highlight how the paper advances theory required for multiprimary display modeling, design, and color management and provides an integrated view of past work on on these topics. Additionally, we highlight how our work on gamut representations connects with and furthers the study of three-dimensional zonotopes in geometry.
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Gardasevic, Marina, Lucas, Robert, Allen, Annette
المصدر: Gardasevic , M , Lucas , R & Allen , A 2019 , ' Appearance of Maxwell’s spot in images rendered using a cyan primary ' , Vision Research . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.10.004Test
مصطلحات موضوعية: Maxwell’s spot, metamerism, multiprimary displays, melanopsin, colour vision, macular pigment
الوصف: The discovery of melanopsin as a third type of retinal photoreceptor, contributing to both perceptual vision and reflex light responses, represents a new opportunity to optimise the design of artificial light sources for practical applications and to generate experimental stimuli. In the case of emissive displays, multiprimary designs incorporating a cyan primary could be used to allow melanopic radiance to be controlled independent of colour and luminance. Here we explore the performance a 5-primary (violet, cyan, green, yellow, red) display device and find an anomaly in colour appearance when the cyan primary is employed. The anomaly took the form of a reddish/pinkish tinge in the central visual field, consistent with descriptions of Maxwell’s spot. This effect was apparent in some full colour images and in uniform discs over a range of chromaticities. Its appearance in coloured discs correlated with differences in calculated colour coordinate between central and peripheral vision. A simulation indicated that inclusion of any primary with predominant output in the 470-500nm range has the potential to produce such a discrepancy in central vs peripheral appearance. Applying an additional constraint in colour processing to reproduce naturally occurring differences in central vs peripheral colour coordinate eliminated appearance of the spot and produced acceptable colour images.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.10.004Test
https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/15d5963c-c0c7-4846-80aa-f50e3270fa42Test -
6
المؤلفون: Robert J. Lucas, Marina Gardasevic, Annette E. Allen
المصدر: Gardasevic, M, Lucas, R & Allen, A 2019, ' Appearance of Maxwell’s spot in images rendered using a cyan primary ', Vision Research . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.10.004Test
Vision Researchمصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, RGB, red, green, blue, genetic structures, Cyan, Multiprimary displays, multiprimary displays, Metamerism, Melanopsin, Luminance, Article, Retina, 050105 experimental psychology, macular pigment, Display device, 03 medical and health sciences, Macular pigment, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, LMS, long-, medium- and short-wavelength cones, VCGYR, violet, cyan, green, yellow, red, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Central visual field, Physics, colour vision, Colour vision, Artificial light, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Rod Opsins, CIE, Commission Internationale de ĺEclairage, Maxwell’s spot, Metamerism (color), Sensory Systems, Ophthalmology, Retinal Photoreceptors, Peripheral vision, Female, Visual Fields, business, metamerism, Color Perception, Photic Stimulation, melanopsin, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
الوصف: The discovery of melanopsin as a third type of retinal photoreceptor, contributing to both perceptual vision and reflex light responses, represents a new opportunity to optimise the design of artificial light sources for practical applications and to generate experimental stimuli. In the case of emissive displays, multiprimary designs incorporating a cyan primary could be used to allow melanopic radiance to be controlled independent of colour and luminance. Here we explore the performance a five-primary (violet, cyan, green, yellow, red) display device and find an anomaly in colour appearance when the cyan primary is employed. The anomaly took the form of a reddish/pinkish tinge in the central visual field, consistent with descriptions of Maxwell’s spot. This effect was apparent in some full colour images and in uniform discs over a range of chromaticities. Its appearance in coloured discs correlated with differences in calculated colour coordinate between central and peripheral vision. A simulation indicated that inclusion of any primary with predominant output in the 470–500 nm range has the potential to produce such a discrepancy in central vs peripheral appearance. Applying an additional constraint in colour processing to reproduce naturally occurring differences in central vs peripheral colour coordinate eliminated appearance of the spot and produced acceptable colour images.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::325fc52ff55f64c7ef52381314db6e5cTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2019.10.004Test -
7رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: Pardo, Carlos Eduardo Rodriguez, Sharma, Gaurav
مصطلحات موضوعية: Color control, Color gamut, Metameric control sets, Multiprimary displays, Zonotope, Zonotope tiling
الوصف: Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2021. ; Multiprimary displays, i.e., display systems with four or more primaries, offer two key advantages over traditional three-primary displays: multiprimary displays can enlarge the gamut, i.e., the range of colors that can be rendered using additive combinations of the primaries with modulated intensities; and multiprimary displays may render a color using multiple alternative primary combinations. Such flexibility can be exploited for optimizing display performance, motivating the characterization of the gamut and the flexibility available for color control. Despite the advantages, additional primaries also bring challenges for color management. Color management for a multiprimary display requires the determination of a color control function (CCF) that specifies control vectors, i.e., vectors of the relative intensities of the primaries, for reproducing each color in the gamut. Multiprimary displays offer alternative choices of CCFs, which render colors identically under ideal conditions. However, deviations in the spectral distributions of the primaries and the diversity of cone sensitivities among observers impact alternative CCFs differently, and, in particular, make some CCFs prone to artifacts in rendered images. This thesis advances theory required for multiprimary display modeling, design, and color management, by providing (1) a unified and comprehensive framework for the characterization of the gamut and color control for multiprimary displays and (2) a framework for analyzing and optimizing CCFs for robustness against primary and observer variations. Observing that the gamut of multiprimary displays is known to be a zonotope, we develop a complete, cohesive, and directly usable mathematical characterization of the geometry of the multiprimary gamut zonotope that immediately identifies the surface facets, edges, and vertices and provides a parallelepiped tiling of the gamut. We provide a complete ...
وصف الملف: Number of Pages:xxiv, 242 pages; Illustrations:illustrations (some color)
العلاقة: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/36658Test; AS38.698
الإتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/36658Test
النص الكامل