المؤلفون: Hafsa Nasim, Nauman Ismat Butt, Fahmina Ashfaq, Ali Anwar, Sabeen Aftab, Muhammad Muaaz

المصدر: Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, Vol 62, Iss 2, Pp 53-58 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: ischemic stroke, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, Medicine

الوصف: Objective: The objective was to find out the frequency of modifiable risk factors among patients of ischemic stroke at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore Pakistan. Study type,settings& duration:This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Medical Department Services Hospital, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore Pakistan from January 2019 to January 2020. Methodology:After an informed consent 105 patients with ischemic stroke aged between 18-65 years from both sex wasincluded in this study. Patients with trauma, tumor, arteriovenousmalformations, unstable cardiopulmonary condition, psychiatric disease and hemorrhagic stroke were excluded. Demographic information and detailed history with physical examination was noted. Blood pressure and sugar levels were measured for all patients. All bloods test including fasting lipid profile were determined. SPSS version 17.0 was used for data analysis. Results:A total of 105 patients of ischemic stroke were enrolled in the present study. Mean age of the patients was 51.2±8.4 years and 73 (69.5%) were male. Mean BMI was 29.3±2.9 kg/m2. Hyperlipidemia was the most frequent risk factor seen in 53 (50.5%) patients with ischemic stroke followed by obesity in 48 (45.8%) patients, smoking in 43 (40.9%), hypertension in 41 (39.1%) and diabetes mellitus in 41 (39.1%) patients. Conclusion:Hyperlipidemia was the leading risk factor in ischemic stroke patients in the present study followed by obesity, smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension respectively.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://pjmr.org.pk/index.php/pjmr/article/view/405/146Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0030-9842Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8d69eac20a854212be7c71942a68b2c5Test

المؤلفون: Muhammad Muaaz, Sahil Waqar, Matthias Pätzold

المصدر: Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 13, p 5810 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: activity recognition, data fusion, distributed mmWave MIMO radar, fall detection, feature extraction, micro-Doppler signature, Chemical technology, TP1-1185

الوصف: RF sensing offers an unobtrusive, user-friendly, and privacy-preserving method for detecting accidental falls and recognizing human activities. Contemporary RF-based HAR systems generally employ a single monostatic radar to recognize human activities. However, a single monostatic radar cannot detect the motion of a target, e.g., a moving person, orthogonal to the boresight axis of the radar. Owing to this inherent physical limitation, a single monostatic radar fails to efficiently recognize orientation-independent human activities. In this work, we present a complementary RF sensing approach that overcomes the limitation of existing single monostatic radar-based HAR systems to robustly recognize orientation-independent human activities and falls. Our approach used a distributed mmWave MIMO radar system that was set up as two separate monostatic radars placed orthogonal to each other in an indoor environment. These two radars illuminated the moving person from two different aspect angles and consequently produced two time-variant micro-Doppler signatures. We first computed the mean Doppler shifts (MDSs) from the micro-Doppler signatures and then extracted statistical and time- and frequency-domain features. We adopted feature-level fusion techniques to fuse the extracted features and a support vector machine to classify orientation-independent human activities. To evaluate our approach, we used an orientation-independent human activity dataset, which was collected from six volunteers. The dataset consisted of more than 1350 activity trials of five different activities that were performed in different orientations. The proposed complementary RF sensing approach achieved an overall classification accuracy ranging from 98.31 to 98.54%. It overcame the inherent limitations of a conventional single monostatic radar-based HAR and outperformed it by 6%.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5810Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/305d1922fab44df8890e498bab43b8b0Test

المؤلفون: Mahmood Ahmad, Yasir Mahmud, Sidra Rasheed, Muhammad Muaaz, Muhammad Naeem Afzal, Muhammad Arif Nadeem

المصدر: Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 71, Iss 4, Pp 1314-17 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: cirrhosis, n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate, gastric varices, predictors, mortality, outcome, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Objective: To assess the predictors associated with mortality within 8 weeks in patients undergoing endoscopic N-butyl-2- cyanoacrylate treatment. Study Design: Prospective comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore Pakistan, from Mar 2018 to Mar 2019. Methodology: A total of 106 patients of gastric variceal bleed were enrolled in the study. Tissue glue was injected into the varix endoscopically and mortality within 8 weeks after endoscopic intervention was noted. Results: Among the enrolled patients, 65 (61.3%) were male and 41(38.7%) were female. Mortality was noted in 19 (17.9%) patients within 8 weeks after endoscopic therapy. Chi-square analysis showed creatinine >1.5, Child Pugh score >9, MELD score >18, re-bleeding within 7 days, low blood pressure

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://pafmj.org/index.php/PAFMJ/article/view/3281Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0030-9648Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2411-8842Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/74b0b5c3dcae4b96a7cfe9a6b8dc38a3Test

المؤلفون: Nurilla Avazov, Rym Hicheri, Muhammad Muaaz, Filippo Sanfilippo, Matthias Patzold

المصدر: IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 115990-116001 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: MIMO channel, channel measurements, mean Doppler shift, mm-Wave channels, non-stationary channels, multipath propagation, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971

الوصف: This paper proposes a new non-stationary three-dimensional (3D) channel model for a physical millimeter wave (mm-Wave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. This MIMO channel model is driven by the trajectory of a moving point scatterer, which allows us to investigate the impact of a single moving point scatterer on the propagation characteristics in an indoor environment. Starting from the time-variant (TV) channel transfer function, the temporal behavior of the proposed non-stationary channel model has been analyzed by studying the TV micro-Doppler characteristics and the TV mean Doppler shift. The proposed channel model has been validated by measurements performed in an indoor environment using a MIMO radar kit operating at 24 GHz. For the measurement campaign, we used a single swinging pendulum as a model for a moving point scatterer. The trajectory of the pendulum has been captured by an inertial measurement unit attached to the pendulum and by a motion capture camera system. The measured trajectories are fed into the proposed mm-Wave MIMO channel model. The results obtained for the micro-Doppler characteristics show an excellent agreement between the proposed MIMO channel model and real-world measured channels in the presence of a moving point scatterer. We believe that our model can serve as a basis for the development of novel non-stationary MIMO channel models capturing the effects caused by moving objects and people.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9514836Test/; https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7fe5ef2b3060443ebd7d5034ead73fdfTest

المؤلفون: Muhammad Muaaz Munir, Huma Rasheed, Muhammad Imran Khokhar, Rizwan Rasul Khan, Hafiz Asad Saeed, Mateen Abbas, Mohsin Ali, Rabiea Bilal, Hafiz Awais Nawaz, Abdul Muqeet Khan, Shaista Qamar, Syed Muneeb Anjum, Muhammad Usman

المصدر: Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 12 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: vancomycin, population pharmacokinetics, Pakistan, NONMEM, dose tailoring, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950

الوصف: Background: Vancomycin is a narrow therapeutic agent, and it is necessary to optimize the dose to achieve safe therapeutic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the significant covariates for vancomycin clearance and to optimize the dose among surgical patients in Pakistan.Methods: Plasma concentration data of 176 samples collected from 58 surgical patients treated with vancomycin were used in this study. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed on NONMEM® using plasma concentration–time data. The effect of all available covariates was evaluated on the pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin by stepwise covariate modeling. The final model was evaluated using bootstrap, goodness-of-fit plots, and visual predictive checks.Results: The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin followed a one-compartment model with first-order elimination. The vancomycin clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vd) were 2.45 L/h and 22.6 l, respectively. Vancomycin CL was influenced by creatinine clearance (CRCL) and body weight of the patients; however, no covariate was significant for its effect on the volume of distribution. Dose tailoring was performed by simulating dosage regimens at a steady state based on the CRCL of the patients. The tailored doses were 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 mg for patients with a CRCL of 20, 60, 100, and 140 ml/min, respectively.Conclusion: Vancomycin CL is influenced by CRCL and body weight of the patient. This model can be helpful for the dose tailoring of vancomycin based on renal status in Pakistani patients.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.721819/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1658c40d6d364ed0938d23558238cad3Test

المؤلفون: Muhammad Muaaz, Ali Chelli, Ahmed Abdelmonem Abdelgawwad, Andreu Catala Mallofre, Matthias Patzold

المصدر: IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 164453-164470 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Activity recognition, Doppler effect, feature extraction, feature fusion, machine learning, micro-Doppler signature, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971

الوصف: Robust and accurate human activity recognition (HAR) systems are essential to many human-centric services within active assisted living and healthcare facilities. Traditional HAR systems mostly leverage a single sensing modality (e.g., either wearable, vision, or radio frequency sensing) combined with machine learning techniques to recognize human activities. Such unimodal HAR systems do not cope well with real-time changes in the environment. To overcome this limitation, new HAR systems that incorporate multiple sensing modalities are needed. Multiple diverse sensors can provide more accurate and complete information resulting in better recognition of the performed activities. This article presents WiWeHAR-a multimodal HAR system that uses combined Wi-Fi and wearable sensing modalities to simultaneously sense the performed activities. WiWeHAR makes use of standard Wi-Fi network interface cards to collect the channel state information (CSI) and a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) consisting of accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer sensors to collect the user's local body movements. We compute the time-variant mean Doppler shift (MDS) from the processed CSI data and magnitude from the inertial data for each sensor of the IMU. Thereafter, we separately extract various time- and frequency-domain features from the magnitude data and the MDS. We apply feature-level fusion to combine the extracted features, and finally supervised learning techniques are used to recognize the performed activities. We evaluate the performance of WiWeHAR by using a multimodal human activity data set, which was obtained from 9 participants. Each participant carried out four activities, such as walking, falling, sitting, and picking up an object from the floor. Our results indicate that the proposed multimodal WiWeHAR system outperforms the unimodal CSI, accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer HAR systems and achieves an overall recognition accuracy of 99.6%-100%.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9187210Test/; https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/baffc7a41b0a4b87821e52d406af5033Test

المؤلفون: Muhammad Muaaz Aslam, Peter John, Kang-Hsien Fan, Attya Bhatti, Sidrah Jahangir, Eleanor Feingold, F. Yesim Demirci, M. Ilyas Kamboh

المصدر: BMC Research Notes, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-5 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Type 1 diabetes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Association, Shared genetic, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390

الوصف: Abstract Objective Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are autoimmune diseases. It is known that certain genetic loci and factors that increase the overall autoimmunity risk can be shared among different autoimmune diseases. We sought to replicate seven T1D-related SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) that have been previously reported to be associated with RA susceptibility in a small set of mixed family-based and case–control Pakistani sample in a relatively large and independent RA case–control sample from the same population. Seven T1D-associated SNPs (GLIS3/rs7020673, BACH2/rs11755527, SKAP2/rs7804356, GDSMB/rs2290400, C6orf173/rs9388489, LOC399716/rs947474 and DLK1-MEG2/rs941576) were genotyped in a large Pakistani RA case–control sample (n = 1959) using TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays. Results None of the tested SNPs showed statistically significant association with RA susceptibility; however, one SNP (GLIS3/rs7020673) showed a trend for association (OR = 0.88, p = 7.99E−02). Our study has failed to replicate the previously reported association of seven T1D-associated SNPs with RA risk in a large sample from the same population. Thus, our results do not support a major role of these T1D SNPs in affecting RA susceptibility in the Pakistani population.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-019-4590-8Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1756-0500Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/92b04fdd509542a59eff09fc5a66396fTest

المؤلفون: Sidrah Jahangir, Peter John, Attya Bhatti, Muhammad Muaaz Aslam, Javaid Mehmood Malik, James R. Anderson, Mandy J. Peffers

المصدر: Life, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 464 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: rheumatoid arthritis, serum, proteomics, biomarkers, LC-MS, Science

الوصف: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder of complex disease etiology. Currently available serological diagnostic markers lack in terms of sensitivity and specificity and thus additional biomarkers are warranted for early disease diagnosis and management. We aimed to screen and compare serum proteome profiles of rheumatoid arthritis serotypes with healthy controls in the Pakistani population for identification of potential disease biomarkers. Serum samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls were enriched for low abundance proteins using ProteoMinerTM columns. Rheumatoid arthritis patients were assigned to one of the four serotypes based on anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor. Serum protein profiles were analyzed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The changes in the protein abundances were determined using label-free quantification software ProgenesisQITM followed by pathway analysis. Findings were validated in an independent cohort of patients and healthy controls using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 213 proteins were identified. Comparative analysis of all groups (false discovery rate < 0.05, >2-fold change, and identified with ≥2 unique peptides) identified ten proteins that were differentially expressed between rheumatoid arthritis serotypes and healthy controls including pregnancy zone protein, selenoprotein P, C4b-binding protein beta chain, apolipoprotein M, N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase, catalytic chain, oncoprotein-induced transcript 3 protein, Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2, Apolipoprotein C-I and Apolipoprotein C-III. Pathway analysis predicted inhibition of liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor activation pathway and production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species pathway in macrophages in all serotypes. A catalogue of potential serum biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis were identified. These biomarkers can be further evaluated in larger cohorts from different populations for their diagnostic and prognostic potential.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/3/464Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/5cf44a32b4a54f9d8b7dfb856e4ead21Test

المؤلفون: Sahil Waqar, Muhammad Muaaz, Matthias Pätzold

المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 1825 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: direction-independent human activity recognition, fall detection, distributed MIMO, FMCW radar, micro-Doppler signatures, aspect angle, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: In this paper, we highlight and resolve the shortcomings of single-input single-output (SISO) millimeter wave (mm-Wave) radar systems for human activity recognition (HAR). A 2×2 distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar framework is presented to capture human activity signatures under realistic conditions in indoor environments. We propose to distribute the two pairs of collocated transmitter–receiver antennas in order to illuminate the indoor environment from different perspectives. For the proposed MIMO system, we measure the time-variant (TV) radial velocity distribution and TV mean radial velocity to observe the signatures of human activities. We deploy the Ancortek SDR-KIT 2400T2R4 mm-Wave radar in a SISO as well as a 2×2 distributed MIMO configuration. We corroborate the limitations of SISO configurations by recording real human activities in different directions. It is shown that, unlike the SISO radar configuration, the proposed MIMO configuration has the ability to obtain superior human activity signatures for all directions. To signify the importance of the proposed 2×2 MIMO radar system, we compared the performance of a SISO radar-based passive step counter with a distributed MIMO radar-based passive step counter. As the proposed 2×2 MIMO radar system is able to detect human activity in all directions, it fills a research gap of radio frequency (RF)-based HAR systems.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/4/1825Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ceb99bdcd6304737bb124a88a758acb7Test

المؤلفون: Muhammad Muaaz Aslam, Fazal Jalil, Peter John, Kang-Hsien Fan, Attya Bhatti, Eleanor Feingold, F Yesim Demirci, M Ilyas Kamboh

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 9, p e0239426 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease. The interaction of genetic and environmental factors is likely necessary for RA. Among potential genetic factors, many major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC variants may be involved in RA susceptibility. CTLA4 is involved in the regulation of T-cell response during an immune reaction, and multiple CTLA4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with numerous autoimmune diseases, including RA. To our knowledge, the genetic association of CTLA4 with RA risk has not been examined previously in the Pakistani population. In this study, we sequenced the entire CTLA4 gene and flanking regions in 95 Pakistani RA cases followed the screening of identified variants in Study 1 sample consisting of 350 RA cases and controls. Four common significant variants identified in Study 1 sample were further examined in a larger Study 2 replication sample comprising 1,678 independent RA cases and controls. We report significant associations of three variants from the combined analysis: rs3087243 (OR = 1.26, p = 4.47E-03), rs5742909 (OR = 1.78, p = 4.60E-03), and rs11571319 (OR = 1.48, p = 6.64E-03); the latter is a novel association in the Pakistani sample.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a82b53451bfc4e4ca62527f95347fa53Test