المؤلفون: Adams, Katherine P, Jarvis, Michael, Vosti, Stephen A, Manger, Mari S, Tarini, Ann, Somé, Jérome W, Somda, Hervé, McDonald, Christine M

المصدر: Maternal and Child Nutrition. 19(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition, 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Metabolic and endocrine, Stroke, Cardiovascular, Oral and gastrointestinal, Cancer, Humans, Female, Flour, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Zinc, Burkina Faso, Food, Fortified, Triticum, Micronutrients, cost, cost-effectiveness, large-scale food fortification, nutrition policy, wheat flour fortification, zinc, Nutrition & Dietetics, Nutrition and dietetics, Midwifery

الوصف: Zinc is an essential micronutrient that promotes normal growth, development and immune function. In the context of persistent dietary zinc inadequacies, large-scale food fortification can help fill the gap between intake and requirements. Burkina Faso mandates wheat flour fortification with iron and folic acid. We used activity-based cost modelling to estimate the cost of adding zinc to the country's wheat flour fortification standard assuming (1) no change in compliance with the national standard, and (2) a substantial improvement in compliance. We used household food consumption data to model effective coverage, that is, the number of women of reproductive age (WRA) predicted to achieve adequate zinc density (zinc intake/1000 kcal) with the addition of fortification to diets. Without interventions, the prevalence of inadequate dietary zinc density was ~35.5%. With no change in compliance, the annual average incremental cost of adding zinc to fortified wheat flour was $10,347, which would effectively cover

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vm385mjTest

المؤلفون: Thurstans, Susan, Wrottesley, Stephanie V, Fenn, Bridget, Khara, Tanya, Bahwere, Paluku, Berkley, James A, Black, Robert E, Boyd, Erin, Garenne, Michel, Isanaka, Sheila, Lelijveld, Natasha, McDonald, Christine M, Mertens, Andrew, Mwangome, Martha, O'Brien, Kieran S, Stobaugh, Heather, Taneja, Sunita, West, Keith P, Guerrero, Saul, Kerac, Marko, Briend, André, Myatt, Mark

المصدر: Maternal and Child Nutrition. 19(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Prevention, Zero Hunger, Good Health and Well Being, Male, Female, Child, Humans, Infant, Adolescent, Thinness, Anthropometry, Growth Disorders, Malnutrition, Prevalence, Wasting Syndrome, age, mortality, sex, stunting, underweight, wasting, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition & Dietetics, Nutrition and dietetics, Midwifery

الوصف: Risk of death from undernutrition is thought to be higher in younger than in older children, but evidence is mixed. Research also demonstrates sex differences whereby boys have a higher prevalence of undernutrition than girls. This analysis described mortality risk associated with anthropometric deficits (wasting, underweight and stunting) in children 6-59 months by age and sex. We categorised children into younger (6-23 months) and older (24-59 months) age groups. Age and sex variations in near-term (within 6 months) mortality risk, associated with individual anthropometric deficits were assessed in a secondary analysis of multi-country cohort data. A random effects meta-analysis was performed. Data from seven low-or-middle-income-countries collected between 1977 and 2013 were analysed. One thousand twenty deaths were recorded for children with anthropometric deficits. Pooled meta-analysis estimates showed no differences by age in absolute mortality risk for wasting (RR 1.08, p = 0.826 for MUAC

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9jr816ksTest

المؤلفون: Nagata, Jason M, Bojorquez-Ramirez, Paola, Nguyen, Anthony, Ganson, Kyle T, McDonald, Christine M, Machen, Vanessa I, Downey, Amanda, Buckelew, Sara M, Garber, Andrea K

المصدر: Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 27(7)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Hematology, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Anorexia, Nutrition, Eating Disorders, Pediatric, Adolescent, Adolescent, Hospitalized, Anemia, Anorexia Nervosa, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Malnutrition, Retrospective Studies, Sex Characteristics, Young Adult, Zinc, Feeding and eating disorders, Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Clinical Psychology

الوصف: PurposeTo determine sex differences in and associations between zinc deficiency and anemia among adolescents and young adults hospitalized for medical complications of eating disorders.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of 601 patients aged 9-25 years admitted to the University of California, San Francisco Eating Disorders Program for medical instability, between May 2012 and August 2020. Descriptive statistics, crude, and adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the association between zinc deficiency (

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hr947c2Test

المؤلفون: Hall, Andrew G, King, Janet C, McDonald, Christine M

المصدر: Biological trace element research. 200(6)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Liver, Zinc, Spectrum Analysis, Laboratories, Mass Spectrometry, Accuracy, Harmonization, Plasma zinc, Precision, Zinc deficiency, Digestive Diseases, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Toxicology

الوصف: Progress improving zinc nutrition globally is slowed by limited understanding of population zinc status. This challenge is compounded when small differences in measurement can bias the determination of zinc deficiency rates. Our objective was to evaluate zinc analytical accuracy and precision among different instrument types and sample matrices using a standardized method. Participating laboratories analyzed zinc content of plasma, serum, liver samples, and controls, using a standardized method based on current practice. Instrument calibration and drift were evaluated using a zinc standard. Accuracy was evaluated by percent error vs. reference, and precision by coefficient of variation (CV). Seven laboratories in 4 countries running 9 instruments completed the exercise: 4 atomic absorbance spectrometers (AAS), 1 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and 4 ICP mass spectrometers (ICP-MS). Calibration differed between individual instruments up to 18.9% (p

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0371g846Test

المؤلفون: Suh, Jung H, Zyba, Sarah J, Shigenaga, Mark, McDonald, Christine M, King, Janet C

المصدر: The Journal of nutrition. 152(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Humans, Zinc, Phytic Acid, Fatty Acid Desaturases, Fatty Acids, Essential, Triglycerides, Male, Lipid Metabolism, Cholesterol, LDL, Cholesterol, HDL, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, fatty acid desaturase, fatty acid metabolism, lipids, oxylipins, phytate, zinc, zinc biofortification, Nutrition, Cardiovascular, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention, Metabolic and endocrine, Animal Production, Food Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition & Dietetics

الوصف: BackgroundRice biofortification with Zinc (Zn) can improve the Zn status of rice-consuming populations. However, the metabolic impact in humans consuming Zn-biofortified rice is unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of Zn-biofortified rice on lipid metabolism in normolipidemic men.MethodsThe men consumed a rice-based diet containing 6 mg Zn/d and 1.5 g phytate (phytate/Zn ratio = 44) for 2 wk followed by a 10-mg Zn/d diet without phytate for 4 wk. An ad libitum diet supplemented with 25 mg Zn/d was then fed for 3 wk. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and at the end of each metabolic period for measuring plasma zinc, glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), LDL and HDL cholesterol, fatty acids, oxylipins, and fatty acid desaturase activities. Statistical differences were assessed by linear mixed model.ResultsFatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 activity decreased by 29.1% (P = 0.007) when the 6-mg Zn/d diet was consumed for 2 wk. This change was associated with significant decreases in HDL and LDL cholesterol. The alterations in FADS1, HDL cholesterol, and TG remained unchanged when Zn intakes were increased to 10 mg/d for 4 wk. Supplementation with 25 mg Zn/d for 3 wk normalized these metabolic changes and significantly increased LDL cholesterol at the end of this metabolic period compared with baseline. FADS1 activity was inversely correlated with FADS2 (rmcorr = -0.52; P = 0.001) and TG (rmcorr = -0.55; P = 0.001) at all time points.ConclusionsA low-zinc, high-phytate rice-based diet reduced plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations and altered fatty acid profiles in healthy men within 2 wk. Consuming 10 mg Zn/d without phytate for 4 wk did not improve the lipid profiles, but a 25-mg Zn/d supplement corrects these alterations in lipid metabolism within 3 wk.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hq8p89kTest

المؤلفون: McDonald, Christine M., Wessells, K. Ryan, Stewart, Christine P., Dewey, Kathryn G., de Pee, Saskia, Rana, Ritu, Hafeez‐ur‐Rehman, Hajra, Mwangi, Martin N., Hess, Sonja Y.

المصدر: Maternal & Child Nutrition ; ISSN 1740-8695 1740-8709

الوصف: In resource‐constrained settings, pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls (PBW/G) are particularly vulnerable to undernutrition. Micronutrient‐fortified balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation may be provided to boost maternal nutritional status and improve birth and infant outcomes. We conducted a scoping review of the published literature to determine the impact of BEP and other related nutrition interventions that provided fortified food or cash along with a minimum of 3 micronutrients on maternal, birth, and infant/child outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We conducted a PubMed search using pre‐defined keywords and controlled vocabulary search terms. All titles and abstracts were reviewed for eligibility by two independent reviewers, and data were extracted according to outcome type. We identified 149 eligible research articles that reported on a total of 21 trials and/or programme evaluations which assessed the health impact of one or more products (fortified lipid‐based nutrient supplement [LNS, n = 12], fortified blended flours [ n = 5], milk‐based beverages [ n = 2], and local food/snacks [ n = 3]) that provided 118–750 kcal/day and varying levels of protein and micronutrients. Only one of these programme evaluations assessed the impact of the provision of cash and fortified food. Effects on maternal outcomes such as gestational weight gain and duration of gestation were promising but inconsistent. Birth outcomes were reported in 15 studies, and the effects on birthweight and birth length were generally positive. Seven studies demonstrated sustained benefits on infant and child growth out of the 15 studies that reported at least one of these outcomes, although data were sparse. Additional research is needed to investigate issues of dose, cost‐effectiveness, and incorporation into multi‐component interventions.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13681Test

المؤلفون: Lauer, Jacqueline M., McDonald, Christine M., Kisenge, Rodrick, Aboud, Said, Fawzi, Wafaie W., Liu, Enju, Tran, Hao Q., Gewirtz, Andrew T., Manji, Karim P., Duggan, Christopher P.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Human movement and sports sciences, Paediatrics and reproductive medicine, Pediatrics, Paediatrics

الوصف: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30952509Test/ ; Published version

وصف الملف: p. 34-40.e1

العلاقة: Journal of Pediatrics; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.016Test; J.M. Lauer, C.M. McDonald, R. Kisenge, S. Aboud, W.W. Fawzi, E. Liu, H.Q. Tran, A.T. Gewirtz, K.P. Manji, C.P. Duggan. 2019. "Markers of Systemic Inflammation and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Are Not Reduced by Zinc or Multivitamins in Tanzanian Infants: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial" Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 210, pp.34-40.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.016Test; https://hdl.handle.net/2144/48530Test; 0000-0001-8434-6583 (Lauer, Jacqueline M); 0000-0002-5732-3359 (Liu, Enju); 571895

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.016Test
https://hdl.handle.net/2144/48530Test

المؤلفون: Islam, M Munirul, Black, Robert E, Krebs, Nancy F, Westcott, Jamie, Long, Julie M, Islam, Kazi M, Peerson, Janet M, Sthity, Rahvia Alam, Khandaker, Afsana Mim, Hasan, Mehedi, Arifeen, Shams El, Ahmed, Tahmeed, King, Janet C, McDonald, Christine M

المصدر: Nutrients. 14(24)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition, Pediatric, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Humans, Child, Infant, Child, Preschool, Zinc, Dietary Supplements, Bangladesh, Trace Elements, Micronutrients, Biomarkers, Powders, Tablets, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, zinc, micronutrients, biomarker, Food Sciences, Clinical sciences, Nutrition and dietetics, Public health

الوصف: Young children in resource-constrained settings are susceptible to zinc deficiency and its deleterious health effects. The objective of this secondary analysis was to evaluate the effects of the following six interventions on biomarkers of iron and zinc status among a subgroup of young children in Dhaka, Bangladesh, who participated in the Zinc in Powders Trial (ZiPT): (1) standard micronutrient powders (MNPs) containing 4.1 mg zinc and 10 mg iron, daily; (2) high-zinc (10 mg) and low-iron (6 mg) (HiZn LoFe) MNP, daily; (3) HiZn (10 mg) and LoFe (6 mg)/HiZn (10 mg) and no-iron MNPs on alternating days; (4) dispersible zinc tablet (10 mg), daily; (5) dispersible zinc tablet (10 mg), daily for 2 weeks at enrollment and at 12 weeks; (6) placebo powder, daily. At the end of the 24 week intervention period, children in the daily dispersible zinc tablet group exhibited a mean serum zinc concentration (SZC) of 92.5 μg/dL, which was significantly higher than all other groups except the HiZn LoFe MNP alternating group (81.3 μg/dL). MNPs containing 10 mg and 6 mg of iron had a similar impact on biomarkers of iron status, with no evidence of an adverse interaction with zinc.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93f407pnTest

المؤلفون: Haile, Demewoz, Brown, Kenneth H, McDonald, Christine M, Luo, Hanqi, Jarvis, Michael, Teta, Ismael, Ndjebayi, Alex, Martial, Guintang Assiene Jules, Vosti, Stephen A, Engle-Stone, Reina

المصدر: Nutrients. 14(4)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences, Nutrition, Cameroon, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Female, Humans, Infant, Nutrients, Nutritional Requirements, Prevalence, Reference Values, Zinc, dietary assessment, modeling, zinc, fortification, children, women, Food Sciences, Clinical sciences, Nutrition and dietetics, Public health

الوصف: Nutrient reference values (NRVs) for zinc set by several expert groups differ widely and may affect the predicted prevalence of inadequate zinc intake. We examined this possibility using NRVs published by four different authorities and nationally representative dietary intake data collected among children aged 12-59 months and women in Cameroon. Usual zinc intake was estimated from 24 h recall data using the National Cancer Institute method. Prevalences of total zinc intake below the dietary requirement and of "absorbable zinc intake" below the physiological requirement were estimated using NRVs published by the World Health Organization (WHO), US Institute of Medicine (IOM), International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The prevalence of inadequate zinc intake ranged from 10% (IZiNCG-physiological requirement, 95% CI 7-13%) to 81% (EFSA-physiological requirement, 95% CI 78-84%) among children and 9% (WHO-physiological requirement, 95% CI 8-11.0%) to 94% (IOM-physiological requirement, 95% CI 92-95%) among women These differences in the prevalence of inadequate intake translated into sizeable differences in the predicted benefit and cost-effectiveness of zinc fortification programs. Depending on the NRVs applied, assessments differ regarding the need for and design of zinc fortification programs. Efforts are needed to harmonize NRVs for zinc.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mk3297mTest

المؤلفون: Matthias, Dipika, McDonald, Christine M, Archer, Nicholas, Engle-Stone, Reina

المصدر: Nutrients. 14(5)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition, Prevention, 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Zero Hunger, Condiments, Food, Fortified, Humans, Micronutrients, Nutrition Policy, Sodium Chloride, Dietary, salt, bouillon, condiment fortification, fortified foods, micronutrient deficiencies, sodium, large scale food fortification, fortification innovations, food systems, non-communicable diseases, Food Sciences, Clinical sciences, Nutrition and dietetics, Public health

الوصف: Our global food system lacks the critically needed micronutrients to meet the daily requirements of the most at-risk populations. Diets also continue to shift toward unhealthy foods, including the increased intake of salt. While most countries exceed the WHO's recommended levels, sodium does play an essential physiological role. Table salt and other salt-containing condiments, such as bouillon, also have cultural importance, as they are used to enhance the flavor of foods cooked at home. Given their universal consumption across income classes and both urban and rural populations, these condiments are an integral part of the food system and should, therefore, be part of its transformation. Fortification of salt and salt-containing condiments can play a catalytic role in the delivery of population-wide nutritional and health benefits. With relatively consistent levels of intake across the population, these condiments hold high potential for delivering micronutrients beyond iodine while also reducing concerns related to high micronutrient intake, particularly so in countries where the industries are relatively consolidated. As a flexible and complementary strategy to an evolving food system, fortification levels can also be adjusted over time to ensure micronutrient delivery targets continue to be achieved as the system improves, whether through lower intakes of sodium in line with WHO recommendations, enhanced consumption of nutrient-dense foods, and/or broader adoption of biofortified crops. Future areas of innovation are required to realize this vision, including developing affordable salt substitutes to meet cost requirements of consumers in low-and middle-income countries, improving the stability and bioavailability of the micronutrients in condiments so that delivery targets can be reached without affecting sensory attributes, and the development of efficient systems for monitoring population intake and micronutrient status to inform fortification program design and management. Rather than being considered antithetical to the transformation, multiply-fortified salt and bouillon can strengthen our ability to meet the cultural, sensory, nutritional, and health needs of an evolving food system.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dc0t6zjTest