المؤلفون: Ramadwa, T.E.^1,2 (AUTHOR) ramaate@unisa.ac.za, Selepe, M.A.³ (AUTHOR), Sonopo, M.S.⁴ (AUTHOR), McGaw, L.J.¹ (AUTHOR), Eloff, J.N.¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: South African Journal of Botany. May2023, Vol. 156, p35-42. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry, *MYCOBACTERIUM bovis, *LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry, *CANDIDA albicans, *CRYPTOCOCCUS neoformans, *COLUMN chromatography

مصطلحات جغرافية: SOUTH Africa

مستخلص: • UPLC-MS/MS method developed to quantify obliquumol concentration in P. obliquum acetone extracts. • Ptaeroxylinol had MIC values as low as 8 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL against C. albicans ATCC 10,231 and cryptococcus neoformans respectively. • Ptaeroxylinol had some antimycobacterial activity with MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL against both M. bovis BCG and M. fortuitum. • Ptaeroxylinol had low toxicity against both vero and human liver (C3A) cells with IC 50 = 85.7 and 126.51 µg/mL respectively. Quantification of compounds in plant extracts is rarely conducted to determine variation in concentrations of bioactive constituents. The aim of the study was to develop a method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) to identify and quantify obliquumol (12- O -acetylptaeroxylinol) in Ptaeroxylon obliquum leaves collected from different localities in South Africa. Additionally, biological activity of a semi-synthesized derivative, ptaeroxylinol was investigated. Column chromatography was used to isolate obliquumol from P. obliquum leaves, and thereafter it was saponified to ptaeroxylinol. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-qTof-MS) was carried out on the different P. obliquum extracts to quantify obliquumol. A serial microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against non-pathogenic mycobacteria and fungi. The cytotoxicity was determined using Vero monkey kidney and human liver (C3A) cells. A method was developed to isolate large quantities of obliquumol (0.14%) from dried P. obliquum leaves. The different P. obliquum acetone extracts had variable obliquumol concentrations between 0.1–38.5 µg/mg. Ptaeroxylinol had an MIC as low as 8 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL against Candida albicans ATCC 10,231 and Cryptococcus neoformans, respectively. With an IC 50 of 85.7 μg/mL for Vero cells and 126.51 μg/mL for C3A cells, respectively, ptaeroxylinol had low cytotoxicity to the cells tested. A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify obliquumol content in the P. obliquum acetone extracts. Ptaeroxylinol had good activity against C. albicans (MIC = 8 µg/mL) and it appears that the cleavage of the acetoxy to alcohol group played a role in the antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Brevi, Arianna, Zarrinpar, Amir

المصدر: Cancer Research. 83(12)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Bioengineering, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Microbiota, Mycobacterium bovis, Research Personnel, Synthetic Biology, Neoplasms, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Biochemistry and cell biology, Oncology and carcinogenesis

الوصف: Almost every aspect of cancer can be influenced by microbiota including tumor onset, progression, and response to therapy. The increasing evidence of the role of microbiota in human health and disease has reinvigorated the interest in designing microbial products that can affect cancer outcomes. Researchers have made numerous attempts to develop safe, engineered biotherapeutic products for cancer treatment using synthetic biology tools. Despite the progress, only Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is approved for human use. Here, we highlight the recent advances and current challenges in using live bacteria as cancer therapeutics.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4139v686Test

المؤلفون: Hanna Maroof, Louise Paramore, Ahmed Ali

المصدر: Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 74-80 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cystectomy, Hyperthermia, Induced, Immunotherapy, Mycobacterium bovis, Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282

الوصف: Bladder cancer encapsulates a wide spectrum of disease severities, with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) representing an entirely different entity from muscle-invasive disease. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the most successful intravesical treatment methods for patients diagnosed. However, a considerable proportion of patients fail to respond to BCG treatment. Given the propensity for recurrence in patients with high-risk bladder cancer, these patients present with surgical dilemmas. There is currently no gold standard for salvage treatment post-BCG failure or unified definition as to what that means. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of BCG, potential theories behind BCG failure, and the scope of novel treatments for this surgical conundrum.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949713223000939Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2949-7132Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/c937941cceae40a0995db70c9fa8ff9bTest

المؤلفون: Rosa Casais, Natalia Iglesias, Iker A. Sevilla, Joseba M. Garrido, Ana Balseiro, Mercedes Dominguez, Ramon A. Juste

المصدر: Veterinary Research, Vol 55, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Sarcoptes scabiei, Mycobacterium bovis, trained immunity, scabies, tuberculosis, serology, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100

الوصف: Abstract Tuberculosis BCG vaccination induced non-specific protective effects in humans led to postulate the concept of trained immunity (TRAIM) as an innate type of immune mechanism that triggered by a pathogen, protects against others. Killed vaccines have been considered not to be effective. However, field efficacy of a commercial vaccine against paratuberculosis, as well as of a recently developed M. bovis heat-inactivated vaccine (HIMB) prompted to test whether it could also induce TRAIM. To this, we used a sarcoptic mange rabbit model. Twenty-four weaned rabbits were treated orally or subcutaneously with a suspension of either HIMB (107 UFC) or placebo. Eighty-four days later the animals were challenged with approximately 5000 S. scabiei mites on the left hind limb. Skin lesion extension was measured every 2 weeks until 92 days post-infection (dpi). Two animals were killed at 77 dpi because of extensive skin damage. The rest were euthanized and necropsied and the lesion area and the mite burden per squared cm were estimated. Specific humoral immune responses to S. scabiei and to M. bovis were investigated with the corresponding specific ELISA tests. Subcutaneously and orally HIMB vaccinated animals compared with placebo showed reduced lesion scores (up to 74% and 62%, respectively) and mite counts (−170% and 39%, respectively). This, together with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.6276, p = 0.0031) between tuberculosis-specific antibodies and mite count at 92 dpi supported the hypothesis of non-specific effects of killed mycobacterial vaccination. Further research is needed to better understand this mechanism to maximize cross protection.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1297-9716Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3faa53dae92f42d39b50588af26cb6cfTest

المؤلفون: Marfil, María Jimena, Blanco, Federico Carlos, Colombatti Olivieri, María Alejandra, Eirin, María Emilia, Zumárraga, Martín José

المصدر: Frontiers in Cellular & Infection Microbiology; 2024, p01-07, 7p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MYCOBACTERIUM, MYCOBACTERIUM bovis, MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, LUNG diseases, PINNIPEDIA, TUBERCULOSIS

مستخلص: The causative agent of tuberculosis in pinnipeds is Mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). The natural hosts are pinnipeds; however, other non-marine mammals, including humans, can also be infected. The transmissibility of a pathogen is related to its virulence. The transmissibility of a M. pinnipedii strain (i.e., 1856) was investigated in a murine model and compared with that of two Mycobacterium bovis strains (i.e., 534 and 04-303) with different reported virulence. Non-inoculated mice (sentinels) were co-housed with intratracheally inoculated mice. Detailed inspection of mice to search for visible tuberculosis lesions in the lungs and spleen was performed, and bacillus viability at 30, 60, and 90 days post-inoculation (dpi) was assayed. A transmissibility of 100% was recorded at 30 dpi in sentinel mice co-housed with the inoculated mice from the M. pinnipedii and M. bovis 04-303 groups, as evidenced by the recovery of viable M. pinnipedii and M. bovis from the lungs of sentinel mice. Mice inoculated with M. pinnipedii (1856) and M. bovis (534) survived until euthanized, whereas five of the M. bovis 04-303-inoculated mice died at 17 dpi. This study constitutes the first report of the transmissibility of a M. pinnipedii strain in mice and confirms the utility of this experimental model to study virulence features such as the transmission of poorly characterized MTC species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Frontiers in Cellular & Infection Microbiology is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Arce-Fonseca, Minerva, Mata-Espinosa, Dulce, Aranda-Fraustro, Alberto, Rosales-Encina, José Luis, Flores-Valdez, Mario Alberto, Rodríguez-Morales, Olivia

المصدر: Frontiers in Immunology; 2024, p01-16, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CHAGAS' disease, MYCOBACTERIUM bovis, PROGNOSIS, NATURAL immunity, ANTIBODY titer, BURULI ulcer

مستخلص: Introduction: There is currently no vaccine against Chagas disease (ChD), and the medications available confer multiple side effects. Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) produces balanced Th1, Th2, and Th17 modulatory immune responses and has improved efficacy in controlling chronic infections through nonspecific immunity. We aimed to improve the response to infection by inducing a stronger immune response and greater protection against the parasite by trained immunity. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with BCG subcutaneously, and 60 days later, they were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi intraperitoneally. An evaluation of the progression of the disease from the acute to the chronic stage, analyzing various aspects such as parasitemia, survival, clinical status, and humoral and cellular immune response, as well as the appearance of visceral megas and the histopathological description of target organs, was performed. Results: Vaccination reduced parasitemia by 70%, and 100% survival was achieved in the acute stage; although the presentation of clinical signs was reduced, there was no increase in the antibody titer or in the differential production of the isotypes. Conclusion: Serum cytokine production indicated a proinflammatory response in infected animals, while in those who received BCG, the response was balanced by inducing Th1/Th2-type cytokines, with a better prognosis of the disease in the chronic stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Frontiers in Immunology is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Zheng, Wei, Diao, Nai-Chao, Wang, Qi, Wang, Chun-Yu, Su, Nuo, Yin, Ji-Ying, Tian, Tian, Shi, Kun, Du, Rui

المصدر: Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases; Apr2024, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p181-195, 15p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, ANIMAL herds, ZOONOSES, SWINE breeds, ANIMAL culture, MYCOBACTERIUM bovis, SWINE

مصطلحات جغرافية: EUROPE

مستخلص: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that infects not only humans but also animals such as pigs, cows, buffaloes, sheep, and goats. Among them, pigs are one of the main food animals in the world. If pigs are infected with M. tuberculosis, meat products will be negatively affected, causing economic losses to the livestock industry. There is currently no systematic epidemiological assessment of swine TB in the world, so it is important to know the prevalence of swine, and these data are currently lacking, so we performed a statistical analysis. Results: We searched 6791 articles and finally included data from 35,303 pigs from 15 countries or territories, showing a combined prevalence of TB in pigs of 12.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2 to 15.9). Among them, the prevalence rate of swine TB in Europe was 15.2% (95% CI: 11.1 to 20.7, 2491/25,050), which was higher compared with other continents, and the difference was significant; the positive rate of PCR method was higher in the detection method subgroup, which was 15.7% (95% CI: 8.0 to 31.0, 376/2261); Mycobacterium bovis was detected in pigs in the M. tuberculosis typing group (9.5%, 95% CI: 6.7 to 13.5, 1364/21,430). The positive rate is higher compared with Mycobacterium capris. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to determine the global prevalence of TB in swine herds. Although the seroprevalence of swine TB in this article is very low, the harm of TB cannot be ignored. It is important to take effective control and preventive measures to stop the spread of TB to reduce the impact of diseased pigs on animal husbandry and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: AHLAT, Ozan, ÖZÖNER, Özgür, FİLİKCİ, Kürşat, ATALAY VURAL, Sevil

المصدر: Veterinary Journal of Ankara University / Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi; 2024, Vol. 71 Issue 2, p245-248, 4p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MYCOBACTERIAL diseases, MULTINUCLEATED giant cells, CROCODILES, MYCOBACTERIUM bovis

مصطلحات جغرافية: TURKEY

مستخلص: Mycobacterial infection in Nile crocodile tissues sent from a private zoo was characterized pathomorphologically and immunohistochemically in this case. Macroscopically, multifocal, greyish-white areas ranging in size from 1 mm to 5 mm were seen in the lung, liver, and spleen. Histologically, a large number of well-demarcated necrotic areas were seen. These areas included nuclei debris locally. Inflammatory cells along with a couple of multinucleated giant cells surrounded the necrotic cores. Numerous acid-fast bacilli were detected by Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. Immunolabelling for both Mycobacterium bovis and anti-BCG antibodies was positive in each tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Veterinary Journal of Ankara University / Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Casais, Rosa, Iglesias, Natalia, Sevilla, Iker A., Garrido, Joseba M., Balseiro, Ana, Dominguez, Mercedes, Juste, Ramon A.

المصدر: Veterinary Research; 3/26/2024, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p1-15, 15p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MYCOBACTERIUM bovis, ORAL drug administration, SCABIES, TUBERCULOSIS vaccines, BCG vaccines, RABBITS

مستخلص: Tuberculosis BCG vaccination induced non-specific protective effects in humans led to postulate the concept of trained immunity (TRAIM) as an innate type of immune mechanism that triggered by a pathogen, protects against others. Killed vaccines have been considered not to be effective. However, field efficacy of a commercial vaccine against paratuberculosis, as well as of a recently developed M. bovis heat-inactivated vaccine (HIMB) prompted to test whether it could also induce TRAIM. To this, we used a sarcoptic mange rabbit model. Twenty-four weaned rabbits were treated orally or subcutaneously with a suspension of either HIMB (10⁷ UFC) or placebo. Eighty-four days later the animals were challenged with approximately 5000 S. scabiei mites on the left hind limb. Skin lesion extension was measured every 2 weeks until 92 days post-infection (dpi). Two animals were killed at 77 dpi because of extensive skin damage. The rest were euthanized and necropsied and the lesion area and the mite burden per squared cm were estimated. Specific humoral immune responses to S. scabiei and to M. bovis were investigated with the corresponding specific ELISA tests. Subcutaneously and orally HIMB vaccinated animals compared with placebo showed reduced lesion scores (up to 74% and 62%, respectively) and mite counts (−170% and 39%, respectively). This, together with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.6276, p = 0.0031) between tuberculosis-specific antibodies and mite count at 92 dpi supported the hypothesis of non-specific effects of killed mycobacterial vaccination. Further research is needed to better understand this mechanism to maximize cross protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Veterinary Research is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Kwon, Kee Woong, Choi, Han-Gyu, Kim, Kwang Sung, Park, Shin Ae, Kim, Hwa-Jung, Shin, Sung Jae

المصدر: NPJ Vaccines; 3/8/2024, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p1-12, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MICE, MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, MYCOBACTERIUM bovis, VACCINATION, BCG vaccines, VACCINES, PNEUMONIA, T cells

مصطلحات جغرافية: HAARLEM (Netherlands)

مستخلص: The quest for effective and enhanced multiantigenic tuberculosis (TB) subunit vaccine necessitates the induction of a protective pathogen-specific immune response while circumventing detrimental inflammation within the lung milieu. In line with this goal, we engineered a modified iteration of the quadrivalent vaccine, namely HSP90-ESAT-6-HspX-RipA (HEHR), which was coupled with the TLR4 adjuvant, CIA09A. The ensuing formulation was subjected to comprehensive assessment to gauge its protective efficacy against the hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Haarlem clinical strain M2, following a BCG-prime boost regimen. Regardless of vaccination route, both intramuscular and subcutaneous administration with the HEHR vaccine exhibited remarkable protective efficacy in significantly reducing the Mtb bacterial burden and pulmonary inflammation. This underscores its notably superior protective potential compared to the BCG vaccine alone or a former prototype, the HSP90-E6 subunit vaccine. In addition, this superior protective efficacy was confirmed when testing a tag-free version of the HEHR vaccine. Furthermore, the protective immune determinant, represented by durable antigen-specific CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺IL-17A⁺ T-cells expressing a CXCR3⁺KLRG1^- cell surface phenotype in the lung, was robustly induced in HEHR-boosted mice at 12 weeks post-challenge. Collectively, our data suggest that the BCG-prime HEHR boost vaccine regimen conferred improved and long-term protection against hypervirulent Mtb strain with robust antigen-specific Th1/Th17 responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of NPJ Vaccines is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)