المؤلفون: Sanoie, Alireza¹ (AUTHOR), Tohidi-Moghadam, Hamid Reza¹ (AUTHOR) tohidi_moghadam@yahoo.com, Nasri, Mohammad¹ (AUTHOR), Oveysi, Meysam¹ (AUTHOR), Ghooshchi, Farshad¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis. 2024, Vol. 55 Issue 13, p2028-2041. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MICRONUTRIENTS, *CANOLA, *DROUGHTS, *CULTIVARS, *UNSATURATED fatty acids, *SEED yield, *CANOLA oil

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: There are different climate classes in Iran where about 85% of the agricultural lands are located in arid and semi-arid regions. To mitigate or compensate effects of drought stress and increase crop fitting and yield, effects of micronutrient application have been studied by several researchers. Field experiments were conducted during the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 crop seasons to investigate the effect of micronutrients on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of canola cultivars under late-season drought stress conditions. The experiments were arranged in a factorial split-plot design, with two irrigation treatments – normal irrigation (control) or restricted irrigation at flowering stage – and four foliar applications of Zn and Mn after rosette stage (F1: Water, F2: ZnSO4, F3: MnSO4 and F4: ZnSO4 + MnSO4) as the main factor. Winter canola cultivars, including Okapy, Hyola401 and Hyola308, as sub-factor. The results showed that limited irrigation at flowering reduced seed yield, oil percentage and fatty acids content in different canola cultivars. Most of the canola oil is composed of unsaturated fatty acids, and the occurrence of drought stress at the reproductive stage reduced oil quality. By contrast, the minimum yield loss was obtained from Hylon401 cultivar, an early mature cultivar. Overall, it is recommended Hylon401 cultivar for normal irrigation and Hylon308 cultivar for a drought environment when considered the acceptable seed yield in canola. In general, it is suggested that a suitable performance of canola seeds is achieved by foliar application of manganese and zinc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: de Souza, Gregory F.¹ desouza@erdw.ethz.ch, Morrison, Adele K.²

المصدر: Oceanography. Jun2024, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p46-59. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *OCEAN circulation, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *MARINE productivity, *WATER masses, *ISOTOPES, *NUTRIENT cycles

مستخلص: The sustenance of marine primary productivity depends on the supply of macro- and micronutrients to photosynthesizers in the ocean's sunlit surface. Without supply from the deep, sinking particles would deplete the upper ocean of these vital elements within decades. Over the last 20 years, it has been recognized that the Southern Ocean, where nutrient-rich deep waters are brought to the surface and the water masses that fill much of the upper ocean are formed, plays a pivotal role in replenishing upper-ocean nutrients. Photosynthesizers that grow and take up nutrients within the Southern Ocean circulation "hub" thus have an outsize influence on global-scale distributions of macronutrients and many micronutrients. The GEOTRACES program has contributed observations of the concentration and stable isotope composition of "nutrient-type" metals like zinc, cadmium, and nickel, within the Southern Ocean and beyond it, that are driving a sea change in our understanding of their marine cycles. Simultaneously, our understanding of Southern Ocean circulation has been refined, with recognition of the importance of longitudinal variability and subtropical overturning. Here, we aim to bring together these two strands of progress, review insights gained into marine micro-nutrient cycling, and consider the questions that remain to be resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Huey, Samantha L.^1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Mehta, Neel H.¹ (AUTHOR), Konieczynski, Elsa M.¹ (AUTHOR), Bhargava, Arini¹ (AUTHOR), Friesen, Valerie M.⁴ (AUTHOR), Krisher, Jesse T.¹ (AUTHOR), Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N.⁵ (AUTHOR), Monterrosa, Eva⁴ (AUTHOR), Nyangaresi, Annette M.⁶ (AUTHOR), Boy, Erick⁷ (AUTHOR), Mehta, Saurabh^1,2,3 (AUTHOR) smehta@cornell.edu

المصدر: Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition. 2024, Vol. 64 Issue 14, p4500-4522. 23p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MICRONUTRIENTS, *BIOAVAILABILITY, *DEFICIENCY diseases, *ENRICHED foods, *GENETIC engineering, *PLANT breeding, *BIOFORTIFICATION, *VITAMIN A

مستخلص: Biofortification increases micronutrient content in staple crops through conventional breeding, agronomic methods, or genetic engineering. Bioaccessibility is a prerequisite for a nutrient to fulfill a biological function, e.g., to be bioavailable. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the bioavailability (and bioaccessibility as a proxy via in vitro and animal models) of the target micronutrients enriched in conventionally biofortified crops that have undergone post-harvest storage and/or processing, which has not been systematically reviewed previously, to our knowledge. We searched for articles indexed in MEDLINE, Agricola, AgEcon, and Center for Agriculture and Biosciences International databases, organizational websites, and hand-searched studies' reference lists to identify 18 studies reporting on bioaccessibility and 58 studies on bioavailability. Conventionally bred biofortified crops overall had higher bioaccessibility and bioavailability than their conventional counterparts, which generally provide more absorbed micronutrient on a fixed ration basis. However, these estimates depended on exact cultivar, processing method, context (crop measured alone or as part of a composite meal), and experimental method used. Measuring bioaccessibility and bioavailability of target micronutrients in biofortified and conventional foods is critical to optimize nutrient availability and absorption, ultimately to improve programs targeting micronutrient deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Engle-Stone, Reina^1,2 (AUTHOR) renglestone@ucdavis.edu, Wessells, K Ryan^1,2 (AUTHOR), Haskell, Marjorie J.^1,2 (AUTHOR), Kumordzie, Sika M.² (AUTHOR), Arnold, Charles D.² (AUTHOR), Davis, Jennie N.² (AUTHOR), Becher, Emily R.² (AUTHOR), Fuseini, Ahmed D.³ (AUTHOR), Nyaaba, Kania W.³ (AUTHOR), Tan, Xiuping² (AUTHOR), Adams, Katherine P.^1,2 (AUTHOR), Lietz, Georg⁴ (AUTHOR), Vosti, Stephen A.^2,5 (AUTHOR), Adu-Afarwuah, Seth³ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: PLoS ONE. 5/6/2024, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p1-27. 27p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MICRONUTRIENTS, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *GROWTH of children, *CHILDBEARING age, *VITAMIN A, *DEFICIENCY diseases

مصطلحات جغرافية: GHANA, WEST Africa

مستخلص: Introduction: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in West Africa, particularly among women of reproductive age (WRA) and young children. Bouillon is a promising food fortification vehicle due to its widespread consumption. This study aims to evaluate the impact of multiple micronutrient-fortified bouillon cubes, compared to control bouillon cubes (fortified with iodine only), on micronutrient status and hemoglobin concentrations among lactating and non-lactating WRA and young children in northern Ghana. Methods: This randomized, controlled doubly-masked trial will be conducted in the Kumbungu and Tolon districts in the Northern Region of Ghana, where prior data indicate multiple micronutrient deficiencies are common. Participants will be: 1) non-pregnant non-lactating WRA (15–49 y), 2) children 2–5 y, and 3) non-pregnant lactating women 4–18 months postpartum. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive household rations of one of two types of bouillon cubes: 1) a multiple micronutrient-fortified bouillon cube containing vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and iodine, or 2) a control cube containing iodine only. Each participant's household will receive a ration of bouillon cubes every 2 weeks, and households will be advised to prepare meals as usual, using the study-provided cubes. The trial duration will be 9 months for non-pregnant non-lactating WRA and children, and 3 months for lactating women. The primary outcomes will be changes in biomarkers of micronutrient status and hemoglobin among WRA and children and milk micronutrient concentrations among lactating women. Secondary outcomes will include change in prevalence of micronutrient deficiency and anemia; dietary intake of bouillon and micronutrients; inflammation, malaria, and morbidity symptoms; and child growth and development. Discussion: Evidence from this study will inform discussions about bouillon fortification in Ghana and West Africa. Trial registration: The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05178407) and the Pan-African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202206868437931). This manuscript reflects protocol version 4 (August 29, 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Forma, Alicja¹ (AUTHOR) alicja.forma@student.umlub.pl, Grunwald, Arkadiusz¹ (AUTHOR) adambrachet@gmail.com, Zembala, Patryk² (AUTHOR) patrykx0@hotmail.com, Januszewski, Jacek³ (AUTHOR) jacek.januszewski000@gmail.com, Brachet, Adam¹ (AUTHOR), Zembala, Roksana⁴ (AUTHOR) roksana.zembala@gmail.com, Świątek, Kamila³ (AUTHOR) kk.swiatek21@gmail.com, Baj, Jacek³ (AUTHOR) jacek.baj@umlub.pl

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. May2024, Vol. 25 Issue 9, p4968. 36p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *BREAST cancer, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *CANCER prevention, *CANCER invasiveness, *DISEASE risk factors

مستخلص: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, at the same time being one of the most prevalent causes of women's death. Many factors such as alcohol, weight fluctuations, or hormonal replacement therapy can potentially contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor in breast cancer onset includes micronutrient status. In this narrative review, we analyzed 23 micronutrients and their possible influence on breast cancer onset and progression. Further, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of micronutrient status on the prevention of breast cancer and its possible influence on various therapeutic pathways. We researched meta-analyses, systemic and narrative reviews, retrospective studies, as well as original studies on human and animal models. The results of these studies indicate a possible correlation between the different levels of micronutrients and a decreased risk of breast cancer as well as a better survival rate. However, further studies are necessary to establish adequate doses of supplementation of the chosen micronutrients and the exact mechanisms of micronutrient impact on breast cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Lilay, Grmay Hailu¹ (AUTHOR), Thiébaut, Noémie^1,2 (AUTHOR), du Mee, Dorine¹ (AUTHOR), Assunção, Ana G. L.³ (AUTHOR), Schjoerring, Jan Kofod¹ (AUTHOR), Husted, Søren¹ (AUTHOR) shu@plen.ku.dk, Persson, Daniel Pergament¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: New Phytologist. May2024, Vol. 242 Issue 3, p881-902. 22p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MICRONUTRIENTS, *SUSTAINABLE development, *SUSTAINABLE design, *SYMPTOMS, *GREENHOUSES

مستخلص: Summary: In this review, we untangle the physiological key functions of the essential micronutrients and link them to the deficiency responses in plants. Knowledge of these responses at the mechanistic level, and the resulting deficiency symptoms, have improved over the last decade and it appears timely to review recent insights for each of them. A proper understanding of the links between function and symptom is indispensable for an accurate and timely identification of nutritional disorders, thereby informing the design and development of sustainable fertilization strategies. Similarly, improved knowledge of the molecular and physiological functions of micronutrients will be important for breeding programmes aiming to develop new crop genotypes with improved nutrient‐use efficiency and resilience in the face of changing soil and climate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Bekdash, Rola A.¹ (AUTHOR) rbekdash@newark.rutgers.edu

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Apr2024, Vol. 25 Issue 7, p4036. 16p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MENTAL health, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *NUTRITION, *EPIGENETICS, *MENTAL illness, *HISTONE methylation, *DIET

مستخلص: The relationship between nutrition and brain health is intricate. Studies suggest that nutrients during early life impact not only human physiology but also mental health. Although the exact molecular mechanisms that depict this relationship remain unclear, there are indications that environmental factors such as eating, lifestyle habits, stress, and physical activity, influence our genes and modulate their function by epigenetic mechanisms to shape mental health outcomes. Epigenetic mechanisms act as crucial link between genes and environmental influences, proving that non-genetic factors could have enduring effects on the epigenome and influence health trajectories. We review studies that demonstrated an epigenetic mechanism of action of nutrition on mental health, focusing on the role of specific micronutrients during critical stages of brain development. The methyl-donor micronutrients of the one-carbon metabolism, such as choline, betaine, methionine, folic acid, VitB6 and VitB12 play critical roles in various physiological processes, including DNA and histone methylation. These micronutrients have been shown to alter gene function and susceptibility to diseases including mental health and metabolic disorders. Understanding how micronutrients influence metabolic genes in humans can lead to the implementation of early nutritional interventions to reduce the risk of developing metabolic and mental health disorders later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Choedon, Tashi¹, Brennan, Eilise², Joe, William¹, Lelijveld, Natasha², Huse, Oliver³, Zorbas, Christina³, Backholer, Kathryn³ Kathryn.backholer@deakin.edu.au, Murira, Zivai⁴, Wrottesley, Stephanie V.², Sethi, Vani⁴ v.sethi@unicef.org

المصدر: Maternal & Child Nutrition. Apr2024, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p1-14. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *SYSTEMATIC reviews, *MEDLINE, *NUTRITIONAL status, *LITERATURE reviews, *MEDICAL databases, *ADOLESCENCE, *CHILDREN

مصطلحات جغرافية: SOUTH Asia

مستخلص: Information on malnutrition for school‐age children and adolescents (5–19 years) in South Asia is fragmented and inconsistent, which limits the prioritization of nutrition policies, programmes and research for this age group. This scoping review aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the burden of malnutrition for children and adolescents aged 5–19 years in South Asia, and on interventions to improve their nutritional status. Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline and Google Scholar were systematically searched for articles published between January 2016 and November 2022. Eligible studies reported the prevalence of undernutrition, overweight/obesity, micronutrient deficiencies and unhealthy dietary intakes, and interventions that aimed to address these in South Asia. In total, 296 articles met our inclusion criteria. Evidence revealed widespread, yet heterogeneous, prevalence of undernutrition among South Asian children and adolescents: thinness (1.9%–88.8%), wasting (3%–48%), underweight (9.5%–84.4%) and stunting (3.7%–71.7%). A triple burden of malnutrition was evident: the prevalence of overweight and obesity ranged from 0.2% to 73% and 0% to 38% (with rapidly rising trends), respectively, alongside persistent micronutrient deficiencies. Diets often failed to meet nutritional requirements and high levels of fast‐food consumption were reported. Education, fortification, supplementation and school feeding programmes demonstrated beneficial effects on nutritional status. Comprehensive and regular monitoring of all forms of malnutrition among children and adolescents, across all countries in South Asia is required. Further, more large‐scale intervention research is needed to ensure policy and programmes effectively target and address malnutrition among children and adolescents in South Asia. Key messages: A triple burden of malnutrition (undernutrition, overweight/obesity and micronutrient deficiencies) is affecting children and adolescents (5–19 years) in South Asia, with heterogeneity within, and between, countries.In most countries, nationally representative data on the nutritional status of children and adolescents is absent and should be prioritized.Interventions targeting children and adolescents are primarily limited to small‐scale trials and focused predominantly on undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies despite rapidly rising rates of overweight and obesity.Further research is needed to inform the scalability and sustainability of nutrition interventions across different contexts and to understand the effectiveness of policies and programmes that address overnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: DiGuilio, Katherine M.¹ (AUTHOR) diguiliok@mlhs.org, Del Rio, Elizabeth A.¹ (AUTHOR) delrioe@mlhs.org, Harty, Ronald N.² (AUTHOR) rharty@vet.upenn.edu, Mullin, James M.^1,3 (AUTHOR) mullinj@mlhs.org

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Mar2024, Vol. 25 Issue 6, p3452. 13p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TIGHT junctions, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *FOOD consumption, *VITAMIN D, *CELLULAR signal transduction, *TUMOR necrosis factors

مستخلص: Disease modifiers, whether from cancer, sepsis, systemic inflammation, or microbial pathogens, all appear to induce epithelial barrier leak, with induced changes of the Tight Junctional (TJ) complex being pivotal to the process. This leak—and the ensuant breakdown of compartmentation—plays a central role in disease morbidity on many levels. Accumulation of lung water in the luminal compartment of airways was a major driver of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 and is an excellent example of the phenomenon. Increasing awareness of the ability of micronutrients to improve basal barrier function and reduce barrier compromise in pathophysiology may prove to be a low-cost, safe, and easily administered prophylactic and/or therapeutic option amenable to large populations. The growing appreciation of the clinical utility of supplemental doses of Vitamin D in COVID-19 is but one example. This narrative review is intended to propose a general theory on how and why micronutrients—at levels above normal dietary intake—successfully remodel TJs and improve barrier function. It discusses the key difference between dietary/Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) levels of micronutrients versus supplemental levels, and why the latter are needed in disease situations. It advances a hypothesis for why signal transduction regulation of barrier function may require these higher supplemental doses to achieve the TJ remodeling and other barrier element changes that are clinically beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Shakeri, Sirous¹ Shakeri@pnu.ac.ir, Azadi, Abolfazl²

المصدر: Iran Agricultural Research. Mar2024, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p15-27. 13p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *LANDFORMS, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *MANGANESE, *DIETHYLENETRIAMINE, *CLAY minerals

مستخلص: The different landscape positions, the type of parent material and its formation processes, and the soil type significantly impact the distribution, behavior, and mobility of micronutrients. To investigate the effects of landscape and soil types on the distribution and behavior of micronutrient elements of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), some genetic horizons samples were collected from sixteen representative pedons in the calcareous soils of southwestern Iran. Subsequently, the concentrations of extractable trace elements were assessed using diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as well as in their total form through digestion in concentrated nitric acid. The results showed that the change range in the available form of studied micronutrients varied between 2.5 to 31.2, 0.3 to 3, 2.1 to 60.2, and 0 to 3.8 mg kg-1 for Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn respectively. The examination of the chemical forms of micronutrients in both surface and subsurface samples unveiled that the majority of the investigated chemical forms exhibited higher quantitative levels in the surface samples compared to the subsurface samples. v(%CaCO3) of the soil increased when the soil moisture regime largely depends on the percentage of organic carbon (% OC) content, soil texture, and type and content of clay minerals. The highest amounts of available micronutrient elements were found in Mollisols and Alfisols soil orders. Additionally, the highest available form of Cu, Zn, and Fe were found in lowland soil units (LL), while Mn was detected in piedmont plains (PP) landform. Consequently, it can be inferred that the cycling of micronutrients is influenced by varying levels of soil development, which in turn impact the properties of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]