المؤلفون: Sanele E. Nene, Lia M. Hewitt

المصدر: Acta Commercii, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp e1-e6 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: facilitation, implementation, artificial intelligence, public hospital, conceptual framework, Management. Industrial management, HD28-70, Business, HF5001-6182

الوصف: Orientation: Artificial intelligence (AI) is stimulating the generation of knowledge and innovations in healthcare by making machines smart through algorithms to nurture learning and improve resilience in global health systems. Despite these potential benefits, operations managers in a South African public hospital continue to favour manual systems over existing AI technologies within their units. Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework to facilitate the implementation of AI in a public hospital in South Africa. Motivation for the study: A gap was identified, highlighting the need for a conceptual framework that facilitates the successful implementation of AI in a public hospital. The aim is to ensure that operational managers fully embrace the benefits of AI, thereby improving the healthcare system. Research design, approach and method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design with a phenomenological research approach was adopted. Five phases were followed to develop a conceptual framework. Twelve individual interviews and two focus group interviews were conducted to collect data. Thematic data analysis was applied to extract and identify significant themes. Main findings: Three themes were identified: positive experiences related to AI, management and leadership processes in AI facilitation and challenges related to AI. These themes served as the foundation for the development of a conceptual framework. Practical/managerial implications: There is ambivalence in embracing AI in the units of this public hospital, and it will be addressed by this conceptual framework. Contribution/value-add: The proposed conceptual framework is designed to enable the operational managers in facilitating the implementation of AI in a public hospital setting. It serves as a valuable resource to promote the integration of AI technology in healthcare operations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://actacommercii.co.za/index.php/acta/article/view/1173Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2413-1903Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1684-1999Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/fc477efff0fd4faa9e5a476a0f0c9dfcTest

المؤلفون: Shangzhi Xiong, Hongsheng Lu, Nicholas Peoples, Ege K. Duman, Alberto Najarro, Zhao Ni, Enying Gong, Ruoyu Yin, Truls Ostbye, Lia M. Palileo-Villanueva, Rinchen Doma, Sweta Kafle, Maoyi Tian, Lijing L. Yan

المصدر: npj Digital Medicine, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7

الوصف: Abstract Current evidence on digital health interventions is disproportionately concerned with high-income countries and hospital settings. This scoping review evaluates the extent of use and effectiveness of digital health interventions for non-communicable disease (NCD) management in primary healthcare settings of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and identifies factors influencing digital health interventions’ uptake. We use PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science search results from January 2010 to 2021. Of 8866 results, 52 met eligibility criteria (31 reviews, 21 trials). Benchmarked against World Health Organization’s digital health classifications, only 14 out of 28 digital health intervention categories are found, suggesting critical under-use and lagging innovation. Digital health interventions’ effectiveness vary across outcomes: clinical (mixed), behavioral (positively inclined), and service implementation outcomes (clear effectiveness). We further identify multiple factors influencing digital health intervention uptake, including political commitment, interactivity, user-centered design, and integration with existing systems, which points to future research and practices to invigorate digital health interventions for NCD management in primary health care of LMICs.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2398-6352Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f89985da40ce44d0b72f7766a4aa010aTest

المؤلفون: Laura J. Oppegard, Lia M. Barros, Hongyang Pi, James Kornfield, Catherine L. Hough, Samuel G. Rayner, Jeffrey C. Robinson, Peter J. Leary

المصدر: Pulmonary Circulation, Vol 13, Iss 4, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: epidemiology, obesity, pulmonary arterial hypertension, social determinants of lung health and disease, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779

الوصف: Abstract Relationships between obesity and outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are complex. Previous work suggested obesity, occurring alongside PAH, may be associated with better survival. In our work, we suggest obesity prior to PAH development is associated with worse survival. This may add a novel temporal element to the “obesity‐paradox.”

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-8940Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f2206ed90ff84df0a67580f8a64e7c59Test

المؤلفون: John Jefferson V. Besa, Ella Mae I. Masamayor, Diana R. Tamondong-Lachica, Lia M. Palileo-Villanueva

المصدر: BMC Health Services Research, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Health system quality, Healthcare delivery, Healthcare financing, Health policy, Patient care, Prolonged hospitalization, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Abstract Background Prolonged hospitalization leads to poorer health outcomes and consumes limited hospital resources. This study identified factors associated with prolonged length of stay (PLOS) among internal medicine patients admitted in a tertiary government hospital. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 386 adult patients admitted under the primary service of General Internal Medicine at the Philippine General Hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2019. PLOS was defined as at least 14 days for emergency admissions or 3 days for elective admissions. Sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, admission- and hospital system-related factors, disease-specific factors, outcome on the last day of hospitalization, and hospitalization costs were obtained. We determined the proportion with PLOS and reviewed reasons for discharge delays. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses to assess associations between various factors and PLOS. Results The prevalence of PLOS is 19.17% (95% CI 15.54, 23.42). Positive predictors include being partially dependent on admission (aOR 2.61, 95% CI 0.99, 6.86), more co-managing services (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06, 1.50), and longer duration of intravenous antibiotics (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.22, 1.51). The only negative predictor is the need for intravenous antibiotics (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04, 0.54). The most common reason for discharge delays was prolonged treatment. The median hospitalization cost of patients with PLOS was PHP 77,427.20 (IQR 102,596). Conclusions Almost a fifth of emergency admissions and a quarter of elective admissions had PLOS. Addressing factors related to predictors such as functional status on admission, number of co-managing services, and use of intravenous antibiotics can guide clinical and administrative decisions, including careful attention to vulnerable patients and judicious use of resources.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6963Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/00bf37bb7c424b8887933dfead35d46aTest

المؤلفون: Patti C. Parker, Lauren D. Goegan, Lia M. Daniels

المصدر: Cogent Education, Vol 11, Iss 1 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Conceptions of assessment, student-athletes, mixed-methods, perceived control, emotions, Sammy King Fai Hui, Education (General), L7-991

الوصف: AbstractStudent-athletes in university undergo assessments in both sport and academic domains, which can encompass varying conceptions and outcomes related to assessment. However, questions on whether this ‘doubling up’ of assessments result in similar or different assessment-related outcomes, or whether assessments are conceived the same way across sport and academic contexts, are an omission in achievement research. This study sought to explore the experiences of Canadian student-athletes’ conceptions of assessment, perceptions of control, and emotions in sport and academia through an explanatory mixed-methods design. The study comprised 77 Canadian USports university athletes (Mage = 20.21) for the quantitative data, and 6 athletes partaking in focus group/individual interviews for the qualitative data. The quantitative findings revealed student-athletes reported higher conceptions of assessment as fun and irrelevant in sport compared to university, and greater emotions such as anger, helplessness, and relief in university compared to sport (p < .05). In the qualitative strand, three themes were identified for conceptions of assessment: function, discrete outcomes, broad consequences; three themes for perceptions of control: effort, preparation, and motivation; and three themes for emotions: anticipatory, retrospective, and relational. Mixed insights revealed the importance of assessment consequences, the natural motivation and effort for sport assessment, and the differences in positive and negative emotions between sport and academic domains. Recommendations are discussed for both postsecondary coaches and instructors to help improve sport and academic assessment in ways tailored to the student-athlete experience of assessment.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2331-186XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/89562f3e50c840458bcb9b93a4fb34deTest

المؤلفون: Mutasim Makeen, Lia M. Farrell, Kelsea R. LaSorda, Yangyang Deng, Valeria Altamirano, Olivia Jarvis, Tanya Kenkre, Grace Lim

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract Pain and depression are interrelated, and worse postpartum pain has been associated with postpartum depression. It remains unclear whether improved pain and mood after delivery can also improve maternal parenting. Few studies have examined relationships between postpartum pain and negative mood (anxiety or depression) or their effects on parent–infant relationship outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between postpartum pain, mood, parent–infant attachment, parenting self-efficacy, and infant development. This was a prospective longitudinal observational pilot study of nulliparous women enrolled at the third trimester and presenting for labor and delivery at term gestation. Baseline third trimester assessments included validated inventories of pain (the brief pain inventory, BPI), depression (the Edinburgh postnatal depression screen, EPDS), anxiety (the state trait anxiety inventory, STAI), multidimensional scale of perceived social support (perceived social support scale, MSPSS) and perceived stress scale (PSS). Demographic and labor characteristics were recorded. At 6 weeks and 3 months postpartum, self-reported assessments included EPDS, STAI, BPI, maternal parent infant attachment scale (MPAS), and perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy (PMP-SE). Child development outcomes were assessed at 6 weeks and 3 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Univariable linear regression assessed the relationships between pain and parenting outcomes (MPAS and PMP-SE), including potential interactions between pain and mood for parenting outcomes. Generalized linear modeling was used to explore the relationships between postpartum pain, parenting outcomes, and child development outcomes. Of 187 subjects, 87 had complete data on parent–infant attachment and parenting self-efficacy data at 3 months. Lower "pain right now" scores (BPI) on postpartum day 1 was associated with higher maternal–infant attachment (MPAS) at 6 weeks postpartum (Estimate − 1.8, 95% CI − 3.4 to − 0.2, P

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/794299f0c6664b0e95bf9331b55ee8c2Test

المؤلفون: Lia M. Palileo-Villanueva, Benjamin Palafox, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Fadhlina Ab-Majid, Farnaza Ariffin, Dina Balabanova, Mohamad-Rodi Isa, Nafiza Mat-Nasir, Mazapuspavina My, Alicia Renedo, Maureen L. Seguin, Khalid Yusoff, Antonio L. Dans, Martin Mckee

المصدر: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Hypertension, Blood pressure, Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine, Non-communicable disease control, Malaysia, Philippines, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999

الوصف: Abstract Background Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) is used to treat a broad range of conditions. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), TCAM use is particularly common among those with low socio-economic status. To better understand the patterns and impact of TCAM use on the management of non-communicable diseases in these populations, this study examines the prevalence and characteristics of TCAM use for hypertension, its determinants, and its association with hypertension management outcomes and wellbeing among low-income adults in two Southeast Asian countries at different levels of economic and health system development, Malaysia and the Philippines. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 946 randomly selected adults diagnosed with hypertension from low-income rural and urban communities in Malaysia (n = 495) and the Philippines (n = 451). We compared the prevalence, characteristics and household expenditure on TCAM use between countries and used multi-level, mixed-effects regression to estimate associations between TCAM use and its determinants, and five hypertension management outcomes and wellbeing. Results The prevalence of TCAM use to manage hypertension was higher in the Philippines than in Malaysia (18.8% vs 8.8%, p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2662-7671Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/64d5acf53e604406a1002d1445da7a99Test

المؤلفون: Bradley Fitzgerald, Jinxia Fiona Yao, Lia M. Hocke, Blaise deB. Frederick, Christiaan Hendrik Bas van Niftrik, Yunjie Tong

المصدر: Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 14 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: carpet plot, hypercapnia fMRI, cerebral transit time, dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging, structural similarity index, Physiology, QP1-981

الوصف: Blood arrival time and blood transit time are useful metrics in characterizing hemodynamic behaviors in the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in combination with a hypercapnic challenge has been proposed as a non-invasive imaging tool to determine blood arrival time and replace dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging, a current gold-standard imaging tool with the downsides of invasiveness and limited repeatability. Using a hypercapnic challenge, blood arrival times can be computed by cross-correlating the administered CO2 signal with the fMRI signal, which increases during elevated CO2 due to vasodilation. However, whole-brain transit times derived from this method can be significantly longer than the known cerebral transit time for healthy subjects (nearing 20 s vs. the expected 5–6 s). To address this unrealistic measurement, we here propose a novel carpet plot-based method to compute improved blood transit times derived from hypercapnic blood oxygen level dependent fMRI, demonstrating that the method reduces estimated blood transit times to an average of 5.32 s. We also investigate the use of hypercapnic fMRI with cross-correlation to compute the venous blood arrival times in healthy subjects and compare the computed delay maps with DSC-MRI time to peak maps using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM). The strongest delay differences between the two methods, indicated by low structural similarity index measure, were found in areas of deep white matter and the periventricular region. SSIM measures throughout the remainder of the brain reflected a similar arrival sequence derived from the two methods despite the exaggerated spread of voxel delays computed using CO2 fMRI.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1134804/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/2f02483932714b3da82efa231c3855b5Test

المؤلفون: Amanda I. Radil, Lauren D. Goegan, Lia M. Daniels

المصدر: Frontiers in Education, Vol 8 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: teachers motivation strategies, student motivation, design principles, qualitative description, cross-theoretical, Education (General), L7-991

الوصف: IntroductionMost theories of motivation have largely developed from the work of scholars rather than the perspectives of teachers. This means that although researchers have many recommendations to guide the way teachers motivate students, there is little understanding of what teachers naturally do to support student motivation. The purpose of this study was to prioritize teachers’ perspectives by asking them, separate from theory, what they do to motivate students.MethodsForty-two practicing teachers completed an open-ended online survey in which they described their personal strategies for motivating students. We used thematic analysis to identify codes and themes from practicing teachers’ responses in a qualitative descriptive design.ResultsWe identified 36 discrete codes that gave rise to nine themes: relevance, interest, relationships, effort, safe environment, goals, student self-regulated learning, delivery, and rewards. Member checks were completed to provide evidence of confidence in the results.DiscussionAll of the strategies that teachers described align with recommendations motivation researchers would make with the exception of rewards, which, from a research perspective, are often discouraged. We discuss the results in light of motivation design principles and their relevance to partnering with teachers as a ubiquitous influence on student motivation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2023.1040996/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2504-284XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/cdde0b002ff74b68b34fd0532c04596eTest

المؤلفون: Yuko Yamaguchi, Lia M. Palileo-Villanueva, Leonor Sanchez Tubon, Eunice Mallari, Hiroya Matsuo

المصدر: Healthcare, Vol 11, Iss 17, p 2424 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: noncommunicable diseases, health volunteers, low-income countries, primary health care, qualitative study, Medicine

الوصف: (1) Background: Barangay health workers (BHWs) play important roles as community health workers in preventing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), where the shortage of health professionals is felt more acutely in the Philippines. However, there is little research on the experiences of BHWs as community health workers in preventing NCDs. This study aimed to clarify the roles and difficulties of BHWs in conducting activities for the prevention of NCDs. (2) Methods: Qualitative data were collected from 25 BHWs. (3) Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.4 ± 9.5 years, 23 were women, and the mean length of time as a BHW was 9.1 ± 7.7 years. Three major themes about the role of BHWs in preventing NCDs—“screening for NCDs”, “assisting patients with management of their conditions”, and “promoting healthy behaviors”—and four major themes about the difficulties—“insufficient awareness of preventative behaviors”, “economic burdens”, “lack of resources for managing NCDs”, and “difficulty of access to medical care facilities”—were identified. (4) Conclusions: Through the findings of this study, focusing interventions aimed at addressing the difficulties for the prevention of NCDs among BHWs may help reduce health inequities.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/17/2424Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9032Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/5417537ff68849aa9f9cfce66a4760beTest