المؤلفون: Kowalski, Rebecca L, Lee, Laura, Spaeder, Michael C, Moorman, J Randall, Keim-Malpass, Jessica

المصدر: JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, Vol 4, Iss 1, p e25991 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Pediatrics, RJ1-570

الوصف: BackgroundCurrent approaches to early detection of clinical deterioration in children have relied on intermittent track-and-trigger warning scores such as the Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) that rely on periodic assessment and vital sign entry. There are limited data on the utility of these scores prior to events of decompensation leading to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) transfer. ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to determine the accuracy of recorded PEWS scores, assess clinical reasons for transfer, and describe the monitoring practices prior to PICU transfer involving acute decompensation. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ≤21 years of age transferred emergently from the acute care pediatric floor to the PICU due to clinical deterioration over an 8-year period. Clinical charts were abstracted to (1) determine the clinical reason for transfer, (2) quantify the frequency of physiological monitoring prior to transfer, and (3) assess the timing and accuracy of the PEWS scores 24 hours prior to transfer. ResultsDuring the 8-year period, 72 children and adolescents had an emergent PICU transfer due to clinical deterioration, most often due to acute respiratory distress. Only 35% (25/72) of the sample was on continuous telemetry or pulse oximetry monitoring prior to the transfer event, and 47% (34/72) had at least one incorrectly documented PEWS score in the 24 hours prior to the event, with a score underreporting the actual severity of illness. ConclusionsThis analysis provides support for the routine assessment of clinical deterioration and advocates for more research focused on the use and utility of continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring for patients at risk for emergent transfer.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2021/1/e25991Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2561-6722Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/2c47cea217d1406c96f28976384b8d45Test

المؤلفون: Fischer, Abbey E., Immel, Kathy R., Wilkum, Kristi, Lee, Laura

المصدر: Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. Apr 2021 21(1):84-106.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 23

الواصفات: Taxonomy, Undergraduate Students, Student Research, Best Practices, Research Opportunities, Curriculum Design, Teacher Effectiveness, Interdisciplinary Approach, Vignettes, Research Projects

مستخلص: The call to increase student participation in high-impact practices (HIPs) to improve student learning, satisfaction, and retention is being answered in a multitude of ways. Faculty and staff involved in undergraduate research see this as validation of their efforts, which it is. However, Kuh & O'Donnell's (2013) work challenges research mentors to reevaluate their efforts in order to intentionally provide an even richer and more engaging research experience. Making undergraduate research a high-impact practice requires thinking inclusively about how the research experience can be scaled across the curriculum, adjusted to increase student engagement, and adapted to student preparation and desired learning outcomes. This article presents the work of a statewide multidisciplinary faculty team that developed a scalable taxonomy for incorporating high-impact practices into student learning experiences and to serve as a roadmap for designing and assessing undergraduate research experiences. The authors offer a layered taxonomy, with milestones of increasing engagement, that establishes what sets a HIP undergraduate research experience apart from other HIP experiences and what distinguishes good practices from high-impact teaching. Aligning undergraduate research experiences with best practices across disciplines, types of research opportunities, and student achievement level was a key goal in the taxonomy development. We present cases where the taxonomy was applied to research opportunities embedded in general education courses across disciplines and different modalities. In these vignettes, the utility of the taxonomy as a tool for assessing course design and teaching effectiveness is examined and common challenges in development, implementation, and assessment of student learning experiences are also explored.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Rocco, Alex J., Cao, Jie, Li, Yan, Lee, Laura M.

المساهمون: North Carolina Sea Grant, North Carolina State University

المصدر: Marine and Coastal Fisheries ; volume 16, issue 2 ; ISSN 1942-5120 1942-5120

الوصف: Objective Recent estimates of the North Carolina blue crab Callinectes sapidus stock found that the stock is overfished and overfishing is occurring. Threats outlined in the 2018 stock assessment include climate change and estrogenic endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EEDCs). The objective of this study was to use an individual‐based modeling approach to simulate the long‐term effects of climate change and EEDCs on the North Carolina blue crab stock. Methods To do this, we built an individual‐based model that simulated the life history of individual blue crabs, including but not limited to growth, reproduction, and mortality. We then tested our population of blue crabs against 30 different combinations of temperature and EEDC scenarios over 50 years to determine the long‐term effects on the population. Result Our simulations suggested that the North Carolina blue crab population may be relatively resilient to climate change‐related temperature shifts but that there may be significant impacts at the population level as summer temperatures become more extreme. Endocrine‐disrupting chemical effects resulted in an alternative stable state of lower catch or the total extinction of the population. Conclusion These results suggest that management strategy changes may be necessary as temperatures become more extreme in the region. In addition, more research is necessary to fully understand the effects of EEDCs on blue crabs and other crustaceans at the individual and population level.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10286Test

المؤلفون: Richardson, Noel D., Lee, Laura, Schaefer, Gail, Shenar, Tomer, Sander, Andreas A. C., Hill, Grant M., Fullard, Andrew G., Monnier, John D., Anugu, Narsireddy, Davies, Claire L, Gardner, Tyler, Lanthermann, Cyprien, Kraus, Stefan, Setterholm, Benjamin R.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

الوصف: We present the first visual orbit for the nitrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet binary, WR 133 (WN5o + O9I) based on observations made with the CHARA Array and the MIRC-X combiner. This orbit represents the first visual orbit for a WN star and only the third Wolf-Rayet star with a visual orbit. The orbit has a period of 112.8 d, a moderate eccentricity of 0.36, and a separation of $a$= 0.79 mas on the sky. We combine the visual orbit with an SB2 orbit and Gaia parallax to find that the derived masses of the component stars are $M_{\rm WR}$ = $9.3\pm1.6 M_\odot$ and $M_{\rm O}$ = $22.6\pm 3.2 M_\odot$, with the large errors owing to the nearly face-on geometry of the system combined with errors in the spectroscopic parameters. We also derive an orbital parallax that is identical to the {\it Gaia}-determined distance. We present a preliminary spectral analysis and atmosphere models of the component stars, and find the mass-loss rate in agreement with polarization variability and our orbit. However, the derived masses are low compared to the spectral types and spectral model. Given the close binary nature, we suspect that WR 133 should have formed through binary interactions, and represents an ideal target for testing evolutionary models given its membership in the cluster NGC 6871.
Comment: Accepted to ApJ Letters

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.04232Test

المؤلفون: Lee, Laura

مرشدي الرسالة: Henley, Jeremy

الوصف: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. IHD occurs when blood-flow to the heart is occluded, depriving the tissue of oxygen and glucose. Paradoxically, restoration of blood supply can cause further damage, termed reperfusion injury. The resultant oxidative stress (OS) causes multiple pathologies including profound mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial function is closely linked to their dynamics; continual fission and fusion facilitate mitochondrial-trafficking and ATP-distribution. Mitochondrial fission is mediated by the dynamin-like GTPase Drp1, which is recruited to mitochondria by its receptor Mff. Over-expression of Drp1 or Mff results in highly fragmented, dysfunctional mitochondria. The regulation of Drp1 by post-translational modifications (PTMs) is well-established, whereas regulation of Mff PTMs is less defined. The aim of this PhD was to determine if, and how, manipulation of Mff PTMs can protect against mitochondrial damage incurred by IHD. I show that OS causes phosphorylation of Mff, which promotes its SUMOylation. Mff SUMOylation subsequently leads to its ubiquitination and degradation. We propose that this is a protective response to limit mitochondrial fragmentation. Non-SUMOylatable Mff mutants have significantly reduced ubiquitination and slower turnover, indicating the activity of a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL). I demonstrate that Mff is ubiquitinated by at least three ligases, and test the hypothesis that Parkin, a known ligase of Mff, could be recruited via a SUMO-dependent mechanism. While Parkin interacts non-covalently with SUMO, its recruitment to Mff is SUMO-independent. I then show that Parkin ubiquitinates Mff at its SUMOylatable lysine, whereas Fbxo7, a component of the Skp1-Cul1-Fbx ligase complex, mediates ubiquitination of Mff at a site independent of both SUMO and Parkin. Given its dependence on OS, we propose that specific manipulation of the novel STUbL pathway could be a viable clinical intervention in recovery from IHD. This project therefore provides a solid foundation for further study.

الإتاحة: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767961Test

المؤلفون: Wibbeler, Eva, Wang, Raymond, de los Reyes, Emily, Specchio, Nicola, Gissen, Paul, Guelbert, Norberto, Nickel, Miriam, Schwering, Christoph, Lehwald, Lenora, Trivisano, Marina, Lee, Laura, Amato, Gianni, Cohen-Pfeffer, Jessica, Shediac, Renée, Leal-Pardinas, Fernanda, Schulz, Angela

المصدر: Journal of Child Neurology. 36(6)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Brain Disorders, Rare Diseases, Genetics, Neurodegenerative, Aging, Orphan Drug, Neurological, Child, Child, Preschool, Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Internationality, Male, Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses, Recombinant Proteins, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2, late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, CLN2 disease, natural history, atypical, cerliponase alfa, Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences

الوصف: BackgroundThe classic phenotype of CLN2 disease (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2) typically manifests between ages 2 and 4 years with a predictable clinical course marked by epilepsy, language developmental delay, and rapid psychomotor decline. Atypical phenotypes exhibit variable time of onset, symptomatology, and/or progression. Intracerebroventricular-administered cerliponase alfa (rhTPP1 enzyme) has been shown to stabilize motor and language function loss in patients with classic CLN2 disease, but its impact on individuals with atypical phenotypes has not been described.MethodsA chart review was conducted of 14 patients (8 male, 6 female) with atypical CLN2 phenotypes who received cerliponase alfa. Pre- and posttreatment CLN2 Clinical Rating Scale Motor and Language (ML) domain scores were compared.ResultsMedian age at first presenting symptom was 5.9 years. First reported symptoms were language abnormalities (6 [43%] patients), seizures (4 [29%]), ataxia/language abnormalities (3 [21%]), and ataxia alone (1 [7%]). Median age at diagnosis was 10.8 years. ML score declined before treatment in 13 (93%) patients. Median age at treatment initiation was 11.7 years; treatment duration ranged from 11 to 58 months. From treatment start, ML score remained stable in 11 patients (treatment duration 11-43 months), improved 1 point in 1 patient after 13 months, and declined 1 point in 2 patients after 15 and 58 months, respectively. There were 13 device-related infections in 8 patients (57%) and 10 hypersensitivity reactions in 6 (43%).ConclusionsCerliponase alfa is well tolerated and has the potential to stabilize motor and language function in patients with atypical phenotypes of CLN2 disease.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66g4w681Test

المؤلفون: Lee, Laura

مصطلحات موضوعية: 572

الوصف: Metabolism is a fundamental process of life that fuels vital biological processes including growth. The rates of metabolism and growth often correlate with other biological and ecological traits, including body size, in distinct ways. Thus, understanding variation in the body mass-scaling of growth and metabolic rate is an important area of research when studying the ecology, evolution and life histories of organisms. The overall aim of this thesis is to improve predictions of animal growth and metabolic rates, and to explain variation in these processes. Many methods for estimating individual growth rates (rate of mass increase over time) impose invalid assumptions, such as isomorphic (shape-invariant) growth. This thesis proposes a new growth curve fitting framework that relaxes the assumption of isomorphy and can capture marked diversity of growth curves, including exponential and supraexponential body mass change. Furthermore, because growth is fuelled by metabolism, the mass-scaling exponent of growth (A) and the mass-scaling exponent of metabolic rate (b_R) are predicted to positively correlate. This was explored across pelagic invertebrate species and within two oligochaete species over ontogeny. No significant relationship between A and b_R was found, suggesting organisms may differ in their proportion of metabolised energy allocated to growth and to other processes, such as locomotion, over ontogeny. In addition, I explored the relationship between A and known predictors of b_R: (i) the mass-scaling of body surface area (b_A), which may capture changes in surface area-mediated resource uptake over ontogeny for integument breathing organisms, and (ii) ambient temperature, which often correlates with body size at maturity in ectotherms and may correlate with b_R by influencing the energetic demand of locomotion over ontogeny. No significant correlations between A and b_A, or between A and temperature, were found for pelagic invertebrate species or two oligochaete species, suggesting that the rates of growth and metabolism may differ in their response to different intrinsic and extrinsic factors. To improve current understanding of the variation in metabolic rate, I explored potential predictors of b_R for pelagic invertebrate species and two oligochaete species (b_A), and mammal species (ambient temperature and reproductive parity). Ambient temperature, but not reproductive parity, was shown to be a predictor of variation in basal metabolic rate responsible for curvature patterns across mammals. A significant correlation between b_R and b_A was found for an aquatic, but not a terrestrial oligochaete species or diverse species of pelagic invertebrates. A positive relationship between b_R and b_A suggests surface area-mediated changes in resource uptake over ontogeny may be shaping metabolic scaling relationships within an aquatic oligochaete. Overall, this research highlights the importance of considering both intrinsic (e.g. body shape and size) and extrinsic factors (e.g. ambient temperature) when exploring variation in the scaling of growth and metabolic rate. Ultimately, this perspective differs from previous approaches that focus on a single-cause mechanistic explanation or universal law; rather this thesis applies a multi-mechanistic approach by considering multiple correlates, theories and mechanisms to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity in metabolic and growth scaling relationships.

الوصول الحر: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.822481Test

المؤلفون: Lee, Laura (ORCID 0000-0002-9475-7033), Szczerbinski, Marcin (ORCID 0000-0003-0273-2056)

المصدر: Irish Educational Studies. 2021 40(3):589-610.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 22

الواصفات: Reading Instruction, Cooperative Learning, Intervention, Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Reading Strategies, Reading Difficulties, Tutoring, Program Effectiveness, Undergraduate Students, College School Cooperation, Feedback (Response)

مصطلحات جغرافية: Ireland

مستخلص: The use of individual tutoring as a method of educational instruction has been prevalent for several decades. One popular tutoring practice is Paired Reading, a reading support technique specifically designed for non-professionals. The accessible nature of Paired Reading makes it an attractive option for schools who wish to capitalise on support offered by community members. This paper reports a multi-faceted evaluation of a Paired Reading programme with primary school children experiencing reading fluency and comprehension difficulties as tutees and university students as volunteer tutors. Tutees engaged in one-on-one reading support sessions with tutors for either 5 or 8 weeks, with each session including 20 min of reading. Although there was no evidence to suggest that Paired Reading improved tutee's reading performance, feedback from tutees and tutors indicated the programme was an extremely positive experience. School staff also welcomed the subjective benefits of the programme. Parents of Paired Reading tutees reported a range of positive observed changes in the reading behaviours and attitudes of their children. This study builds on and contributes to work in the reading support literature, highlighting Paired Reading as a wide-ranging experience offering both tutees and tutors a variety of benefits spanning academic, social, and leisure domains.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Lee, Laura (ORCID 0000-0001-6774-0888), Wilkum, Kristi (ORCID 0000-0002-3646-550X), Immel, Kathy R. (ORCID 0000-0003-3248-1366), Fischer, Abbey E. (ORCID 0000-0001-8950-3699)

المصدر: College Teaching. 2021 69(4):191-201.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 11

الواصفات: Taxonomy, Educational Practices, Curriculum Design, Learner Engagement, Student Experience, Curriculum Evaluation, Higher Education

مستخلص: This paper describes a universal high-impact practices (HIPs) taxonomy for intentional design of engaging educational experiences. Our taxonomy provides explicit definitions for the quality elements that make HIPs engaging, thus providing a tool to increase parity across HIP experiences. It can be applied to any educational experience and provides milestones of increasing student engagement for each of the quality elements. This taxonomy can be used during the design or evaluation of a student learning experience, and at higher levels for curricular planning, program review, resource allocation, and "badging" of HIP courses.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Angeles-Gonzalez, Luis Enrique, Osorio-Olvera, Luis, Alvarez-Lee, Laura, López-Ripoll, Estefanía, Pascual, Cristina, Díaz, Fernando, Rosas, Carlos

مصطلحات موضوعية: oxygen capacity-dependent thermal tolerance

الوصف: Codes and data to replicate "Evidence of the oxygen capacity-dependent thermal tolerance hypothesis regulating immunocompetence of a wild population of coastal octopus"

العلاقة: https://zenodo.org/record/8327316Test; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8327316Test; oai:zenodo.org:8327316

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8327316Test
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8327315Test
https://zenodo.org/record/8327316Test