المؤلفون: Seul-Ki Mun, Chang Joo Jang, Semi Jo, Si-Hyoun Park, Hyun Bo Sim, Sonny C. Ramos, Hyeongyeong Kim, Yu-Jeong Choi, Dae-Han Park, Kyung-Wuk Park, Beom-Gyun Jeong, Dae Heon Kim, Kyung-Yun Kang, Jong-Jin Kim

المصدر: Animal Cells and Systems, Vol 28, Iss 1, Pp 340-352 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Aging, obesity, Tenebrio molitor, insect consumption, immunomodulatory effects, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Preventing disease and maintaining the health of the elderly are crucial goals for an aging population, with obesity and immune function restoration being of paramount importance. Obesity, particularly visceral obesity characterized by excessive fat accumulation around the abdominal organs, is linked to chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and immune dysfunction. Globally, obesity is considered a disease, prompting significant research interest in its treatment. Therefore, it is essential to explore potential therapeutic and preventive strategies to address obesity and the decline in immune function brought about by aging. Tenebrio molitor larvae (TML), commonly known as ‘mealworms,’ are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic and linoleic acids, and essential amino acids, such as isoleucine and tyrosine. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the consumption of TML oil and mealworm fermented extract (MWF-1) on obesity and immunological changes in aged obese mice. Our data showed reduced body fat in 23-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed processed TML products for 6 weeks. Additionally, the characteristically high levels of serum triglycerides decreased by treating with TML oil. The immune responsiveness results confirmed an increase in B cells by treating with MWF-1, while cytokine levels (interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-2, and −6) were restored to levels similar to young mice. These results suggest that TML oil and MWF-1 are promising dietary supplements for addressing obesity and restoring immune function.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1976-8354Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2151-2485Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/bcaa4cfca2a242ecb65b0f1beb1db1a9Test

المؤلفون: Kyung-Wuk Park, Jeong-Ho Kim, Beom-Gyun Jeong, Jun-Ki Park, Ho-Yeol Jang, Yun-Seo Oh, Kyung-Yun Kang

المصدر: Plants, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 463 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: ginseng sprout, nutrient solution, hydroponics, kelp fermentate, ginsenoside, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Currently, new agri-tech has been developed and adapted for the cultivation of crops using smart farming technologies, e.g., plant factories and hydroponics. Kelp (Laminaria japonica), which has a high industrial value, was considered as an alternative to chemicals for its eco-friendly and sustainably wide use in crop cultivation. In this study, a fermented kelp (FK) was developed for use in hydroponics. The FK contained various free and protein-bound amino acid compositions produced by fermenting the kelp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Supplementing FK as an aeroponic medium when cultivating ginseng sprouts (GSs) elevated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Additionally, seven ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rg2, Rb2, and Rd) in GSs cultivated with FK in a smart-farm system were identified and quantified by a high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector/mass spectrometry analysis. Administering FK significantly increased the ginsenosides in the GSs compared to the control group, which was cultivated with tap water. These results indicate the FK administration contributed to the increased accumulation of ginsenosides in the GSs. Overall, this study suggests that FK, which contains abundant nutrients for plant growth, can be used as a novel nutrient solution to enhance the ginsenoside content in GSs during hydroponic cultivation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/3/463Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9cb0bfad59c04a84ac55b01c7ce8bb22Test

المؤلفون: Seung-Bin Im, Seul-Ki Mun, Neul-I Ha, Ho-Yeol Jang, Kyung-Yun Kang, Kyung-Wuk Park, Kyoung-Sun Seo, Kyung-Je Kim, Sung-Tae Yee

المصدر: Fermentation, Vol 9, Iss 8, p 697 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Stachys sieboldii, mushroom mycelia, Hericium erinaceus mycelia, fermentation, acteoside, whitening activity, Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol, TP500-660

الوصف: Skin whitening has recently renewed attention on Chinese herbal medicines with whitening activity for esthetic applications. Stachys sieboldii has been used as herbal medicine since ancient times and has the potential for development as a cosmetic material because of its astringent effect. In this study, with an aim to develop new functional materials with whitening effects, S. sieboldii water extracts were fermented with different mushroom mycelia. Fermented with Hericium erinaceus mycelia showed the strongest tyrosinase inhibition effect and the lowest melanin content. Thus, H. erinaceus mycelia, the most potent inhibitor of melanogenesis, was used for large-scale fermentation and fractionated. The ethyl acetate fraction, which had the strongest whitening activity, was separated and purified using HPLC. Finally, the single compound was isolated and identified as acteoside, which has promising whitening activity. Acteoside inhibited melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of acteoside on the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF were analyzed using Western blot analysis, which showed that acteoside reduced the protein in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings reveal the potential applicability of S. sieboldii extract fermented with H. erinaceus mycelia and its useful component, which is an acteosid, for skin lightening and the treatment of pigmentation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/9/8/697Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2311-5637Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d8a96884ed144a9d99b25ea368dd945aTest

المؤلفون: Neul-I Ha, Seul-Ki Mun, Seung-Bin Im, Ho-Yeol Jang, Hee-Gyeong Jeong, Kyung-Yun Kang, Kyung-Wuk Park, Kyoung-Sun Seo, Seung-Eon Ban, Kyung-Je Kim, Sung-Tae Yee

المصدر: Foods, Vol 11, Iss 16, p 2477 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: edible insects, Tenebrio molitor larvae, functionality change, fermentation, Cordyceps militaris mycelia, Chemical technology, TP1-1185

الوصف: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has been estimating the potential of insects as human food since 2010, and for this reason, Tenebrio molitor larvae, also called mealworms, have been explored as an alternative protein source for various foods. In this study, in order to increase nutrient contents and improve preference as an alternative protein source, we fermented the T. molitor larvae by Cordyceps militaris mycelia. T. molitor larvae were prepared at optimal conditions for fermentation and fermented with C. militaris mycelia, and we analyzed T. molitor larvae change in functionality with proximate composition, β-glucan, cordycepin, adenosine, and free amino acids content. T. molitor larvae fermented by C. militaris mycelia showed higher total protein, total fiber, and β-glucan content than the unfermented larvae. In addition, the highest cordycepin content (13.75 mg/g) was observed in shaded dried T. molitor larvae fermented by C. militaris mycelia. Additionally, the isolated cordycepin from fermented T. molitor larvae showed similar cytotoxicity as standard cordycepin when treated with PC-9 cells. Therefore, we report that the optimized methods of T. molitor larvae fermented by C. militaris mycelia increase total protein, total fiber, β-glucan and produce the amount of cordycepin content, which can be contributed to healthy food and increase T. molitor larvae utilization.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/16/2477Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2304-8158Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/44a1509b406a4111b69cf7047bc5c521Test

المؤلفون: Jae Il Lyu, Jaihyunk Ryu, Kyoung-Sun Seo, Kyung-Yun Kang, Sang Hoon Park, Tae Hyun Ha, Joon-Woo Ahn, Si-Yong Kang

المصدر: Plants, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 135 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: hop, phenolic compound, antioxidant activity, DPPH, ABTS, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: In this study, we investigated the phenolic compounds in hop strobile extracts and evaluated their antioxidant property using DPPH and ABTS assay. The total phenolic compound (TPC) and total flavonoid compound (TFC) estimated in two different solvent extracts considerably varied depending on the extraction solvent. The most abundant phenolic compound in hop strobile was humulones (α-acid) with levels ranging from 50.44 to 193.25 µg/g. El Dorado accession revealed higher antioxidant activity in ethanol extracts (DPPH: IC50 124.3 µg/mL; ABTS: IC50 95.4 µg/mL) when compared with that of the other accessions. Correlations between DPPH (IC50) scavenging TFC in ethanol extract (TFC_E, −0.941), and TPC_E (−0.901), and between ABTS (IC50) scavenging TFC_E (−0.853), and TPC_E (−0.826), were statistically significant at p < 0.01 level, whereas no significant correlation was observed between antioxidant activities, TPC and TFC in water extract. This study is the first to report that variations in the level of phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of various hop cultivars depended on the type of extraction solvent used and the cultivation regions. These results could provide valuable information on developing hop products.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/1/135Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/fe98d6079adb41bfa89c015083ef6f8fTest

المؤلفون: Sung-Ju Lee, Hyeon-Seong Lee, Yun-Ho Hwang, Jong-Jin Kim, Kyung-Yun Kang, Seong Jin Kim, Hong Kee Kim, Jung Dong Kim, Do Hyeon Jeong, Man-Jeong Paik, Sung-Tae Yee

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e0220382 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: The skin is a very suitable organ for the induction of immune responses to vaccine antigens. Antigen delivery systems to the skin by needle and syringe directly deposit the antigen into the epidermal-dermal compartment, one of the most immunocompetent sites due to the presence of professional antigen-presenting cells aimed at the induction of antigen-specific T cells. In this study, we analyzed the amount of ovalbumin as an antigen delivered to the skin by a microneedle. When ovalbumin protein as an antigen was delivered to the skin of mice using a dissolving microneedle, it induced an immune response through the enhanced proliferation and cytokines production by the splenocytes and lymph nodes. Also, it effectively increased the ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T cell and CD4+ T cell population and induced an ovalbumin-specific CTL response against the graft of ovalbumin-expressing EG7 tumor cells in the immunized mice. Also, we identified the inhibition of tumor growth and prevention of tumor formation in the context of the therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine, respectively through EG-7 tumor mouse model. Finally, these data show the potential of patches as attractive antigen delivery vehicles.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1da2559224744679a0b3e0b4e738395eTest

المؤلفون: Kyung-Yun Kang, Yun-Ho Hwang, Sung-Ju Lee, Ho-Yeol Jang, Seong-Gyeol Hong, Seul-Ki Mun, Su-Jin Kim, Jong-Jin Kim, Kuyng-Wuk Park, Kyoung-Sun Seo, Seung-Eon Ban, Seong-Woo Jin, Hyuck-Joo Kim, Sung-Tae Yee

المصدر: International Journal of Biomaterials, Vol 2019 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65

الوصف: Here we examine the effects of extracts of Poria cocos mycelium fermented with freeze-dried plum powder (PPE) on the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanogenesis in cultured murine B16 melanoma cells (B16 cells), relative to the effects of Prunus extract. We found that an extract of Prunus fermentation showed significant inhibition of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity with no effect on cell proliferation and was more active compared to Prunus extract alone. Furthermore, we confirmed that medium containing 3% Prunus was the optimal culture substrate for fermentation with Poria cocos. These results provide evidence that Prunus fermentation extract affects skin whiting in murine B16 melanoma cells (B16 cells). Prunus contains rutin, oxalic acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid, which help in digestion and fatigue recovery. The rutin of Prunus mume is reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Also, Prunus extract has a tyrosinase inhibitory activity for skin whiting through its antioxidant activity. Therefore, we believe the Prunus extract for Poria cocos fermentation can be provided as a potential mediator to induce skin whiting.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1687-8787Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1687-8795Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a361a53284144ccebde524d83afd2a7aTest

المؤلفون: Seul-Ki Mun, Kyung-Yun Kang, Ho-Yeol Jang, Yun-Ho Hwang, Seong-Gyeol Hong, Su-Jin Kim, Hyun-Wook Cho, Dong-Jo Chang, Jae-Seoun Hur, Sung-Tae Yee

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 19, p 7070 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: anti-inflammation, endotoxin shock, atraric acid, lichen, Heterodermia hypoleuca, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Lichens, composite organisms resulting from the symbiotic association between the fungi and algae, produce a variety of secondary metabolites that exhibit pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of the secondary metabolite atraric acid produced by Heterodermia hypoleuca. The results confirmed that atraric acid could regulate induced pro-inflammatory cytokine, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, induced nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, atraric acid downregulated the expression of phosphorylated IκB, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Based on these results, the anti-inflammatory effect of atraric acid during LPS-induced endotoxin shock in a mouse model was confirmed. In the atraric acid treated-group, cytokine production was decreased in the peritoneum and serum, and each organ damaged by LPS-stimulation was recovered. These results indicate that atraric acid has an anti-inflammatory effect, which may be the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the inactivation of the ERK/NFκB signaling pathway, demonstrating its potential therapeutic value for treating inflammatory diseases.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/19/7070Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/e1feb8a2cba24e7286db322e569e9a67Test

المؤلفون: Yeong Deuk Jo, Jaihyunk Ryu, Ye-Sol Kim, Kyung-Yun Kang, Min Jeong Hong, Hong-Il Choi, Gah-Hyun Lim, Jin-Baek Kim, Sang Hoon Kim

المصدر: Genes, Vol 11, Iss 8, p 865 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: flavonoid, anthocyanin, F-box protein, mutation, chrysanthemum, Genetics, QH426-470

الوصف: Anthocyanins (a subclass of flavonoids) and flavonoids are crucial determinants of flower color and substances of pharmacological efficacy, respectively, in chrysanthemum. However, metabolic and transcriptomic profiling regarding flavonoid accumulation has not been performed simultaneously, thus the understanding of mechanisms gained has been limited. We performed HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) and transcriptome analyses using “ARTI-Dark Chocolate” (AD), which is a chrysanthemum mutant cultivar producing dark-purple ray florets, and the parental cultivar “Noble Wine” for metabolic characterization and elucidation of the genetic mechanism determining flavonoid content. Among 26 phenolic compounds identified, three cyanidins and eight other flavonoids were detected only in AD. The total amounts of diverse flavonoids were 8.0 to 10.3 times higher in AD. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were not up-regulated in AD at the early flower stage, implying that the transcriptional regulation of the pathway did not cause flavonoid accumulation. However, genes encoding post-translational regulation-related proteins, especially F-box genes in the mutated gene, were enriched among down-regulated genes in AD. From the combination of metabolic and transcriptomic data, we suggest that the suppression of post-translational regulation is a possible mechanism for flavonoid accumulation in AD. These results will contribute to research on the regulation and manipulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in chrysanthemum.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/8/865Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4425Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/47819b5d14a644058b980f687a6e11dcTest

المؤلفون: Ra-Yeong Choi, Ju Ri Ham, Hyo-Seon Ryu, Sang Suk Lee, Michelle A. Miguel, Man-Jeong Paik, Moongi Ji, Kyung-Wuk Park, Kyung-Yun Kang, Hae-In Lee, Mi-Kyung Lee

المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 12, Iss 5, p 1426 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: edible insect, gut microflora, inflammation, steatosis, Tenebrio molitor, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: This study examined the effects of defatted mealworm fermentation extract (MWF) on alcoholic liver injury in rats. The rats were fed either a Lieber-DeCarli control (Con) or alcohol liquid diet (EtOH). The alcohol-fed rats were administered MWF (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) and silymarin (200 mg/kg/day) orally for eight weeks. MWF prevented alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage by decreasing their serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels significantly compared to the EtOH group. MWF effectively reduced the relative hepatic weight, lipid contents, and fat deposition, along with the down-regulation of transcriptional factors and genes involved in lipogenesis compared to the EtOH group. It also enhanced the antioxidant defense system by elevating the glutathione level and glutathione reductase activity. MWF attenuated the alcohol-induced inflammatory response by down-regulating hepatic inflammation-associated proteins expression, such as phosphorylated-inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in chronic alcohol-fed rats. Furthermore, sequencing analysis in the colonic microbiota showed that MWF tended to increase Lactobacillus johnsonii reduced by chronic alcohol consumption. These findings suggest that MWF can attenuate alcoholic liver injury by regulating the lipogenic and inflammatory pathway and antioxidant defense system, as well as by partially altering the microbial composition.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1426Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/003d915561744a8aba1282538faff0b6Test