المؤلفون: Janna Marie Hilker, Maria Busse, Klaus Müller, Jana Zscheischler

المصدر: Energy, Sustainability and Society, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ground-mounted PV, Agrophotovoltaics, Acceptability, Attitudes, Nature conservation, Agriculture, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, HD9502-9502.5

الوصف: Abstract Background One common renewable energy source for substituting fossil sources is photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, installing PV systems in agricultural areas can lead to competition with other land uses. These projects, therefore, often encounter problems with social acceptance in affected communities. Especially from the perspective of nature conservation targets, conflicts can arise. These potential differences are still under-researched but represent important knowledge for the societally broadly accepted design of such facilities and their contribution to energy transformation. In this paper, we investigate the perspectives of nature conservationists on PV in the region of Brandenburg, Germany. We comparatively analyse attitudes towards ground-mounted photovoltaics (GM-PV) and agrophotovoltaics (APV). APV combines energy supply and agricultural production on the same land and could thus be a possible solution for mitigating land-use conflicts. Results We investigated the degree of local acceptability and positive and negative influencing factors through a qualitative text analysis of ten interviews with local representatives and position papers by Nature Conservation Associations. Our findings show a growing consensus around basic assumptions of the need for renewable energies, the prioritised support for PV systems on rooftops over the installation on agricultural land (GM-PV and APV), and the necessity for PV systems to be compatible with nature conservation objectives. Regarding specific site decisions on agricultural land, we find diverging attitudes when comparing the content of position papers and the responses of interviewees. The interviewees advocate taking into account local interests and specific regional conditions, the effects of PV systems on the local environment, and the need for distributional justice. Large-scale plants are locally less accepted than smaller ones and there is a more open attitude towards the expansion of APV than of GM-PV on agricultural land. However, a range of concerns regarding consequences for landscape and biodiversity persists, and further research and clarification is required to address these issues. Conclusions We conclude that basic ecological standards and the demands of local stakeholders and interest groups should be taken into account when planning, implementing and reviewing PV projects in the future.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2192-0567Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9a767bafe6f44f0d89297c400b9a326fTest

المؤلفون: Kasper Mølgaard, Katrine Kielsen, Marianne Ifversen, Özcan Met, Inge Marie Svane, Klaus Müller

المصدر: Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 14 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, acute graft-versus-host disease, mitochondrial fitness, spare respiratory capacity, real-time metabolism, T cells, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607

الوصف: BackgroundRecovery and functional differentiation of T-cell subsets are central for the development of immune function and complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but little is known about the cellular respiration and factors influencing T-cell metabolic fitness during immune maturation after HSCT.MethodWe included 20 HSCT patients and analysed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial fitness in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples collected at days +90 and +180 after HSCT.ResultsPhenotypic analysis revealed lower overall T-cell counts, lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio and a skewed distribution of early T-cell subsets at day +90, gradually recovering by day +180. Although ATP turnover in HSCT patients was similar to healthy controls, the spare respiratory capacity (SRC) of T cells, reflecting the available energy reserve, was significantly reduced at day +90 and +180 compared to healthy controls. This reduction in SRC was not correlated with the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), the intensity of conditioning regimens and markers of T-cell exhaustion.ConclusionWe found significantly depressed SRC until six months post-HSCT, but we were not able to identify transplant-related risk factors or associations with the clinical outcome.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327977/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/94cf024d68f94a25abc84cda9247619cTest

المؤلفون: Heba Youssef, Jonathan Becker, Clemens Pietzonka, Ilya V. Taydakov, Florian Kraus, Klaus Müller-Buschbaum

المصدر: Chemistry, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 1006-1027 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: divalent europium, cerium, NIR emitter, N-donor ligand, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: The redox reactions of various lanthanide metals with 3-(4-pyridyl)pyrazole (4-PyPzH) or 3-(3-pyridyl)pyrazole (3-PyPzH) ligands yield the 2D network ∞2[Eu(4-PyPz)2(Py)2] containing divalent europium, the 3D frameworks ∞3[Ln(4-PyPz)3] and ∞3[Ln(3-PyPz)3] for trivalent cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, holmium, erbium, and thulium as well as ∞3[La(4-PyPz)3], and the 2D networks ∞2[Ln(4-PyPz)3(Py)] for trivalent cerium and thulium and ∞2[Ln2(4-PyPz)6]·Py for trivalent ytterbium and lutetium. The 18 lanthanide coordination polymers were synthesized under solvothermal conditions in pyridine (Py), partly acting as a co-ligand for some networks. The compounds exhibit a variety of luminescence properties, including metal-centered 4f–4f/5d–4f emission in the visible and near-infrared spectral range, metal-to-ligand energy transfer, and ligand-centered fluorescence and phosphorescence. The anionic ligands 3-PyPz− and 4-PyPz− serve as suitable antennas for lanthanide-based luminescence in the visible and near-infrared range through effective sensitization followed by emission through intra–4f transitions of the trivalent thulium, holmium, praseodymium, erbium, and neodymium. ∞2[Ce(4-PyPz)3(Py)], ∞3[Ce(4-PyPz)3], and ∞3[Ce(3-PyPz)3] exhibit strong degrees of reduction in the 5d excited states that differ in intensity compared to the ligand-based emission, resulting in a distinct emission ranging from pink to orange. The direct current magnetic studies show magnetic isolation of the lanthanide centers in the crystal lattice of ∞3[Ln(3-PyPz)3], Ln = Dy, Ho, and Er.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/5/2/69Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2624-8549Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8e9b2820418341bea0b6d72a6a818bbdTest

المؤلفون: Sofia A. Basova, Maxim S. Molokeev, Aleksandr S. Oreshonkov, Maksim A. Zhernakov, Nikolay A. Khritokhin, Aleksandr S. Aleksandrovsky, Alexander S. Krylov, Elena I. Sal’nikova, Nikita O. Azarapin, Natalia A. Shelpakova, Klaus Müller-Buschbaum, Yuriy G. Denisenko

المصدر: Inorganics, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 434 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: rare earths, lanthanum, sulfate, crystal chemistry, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, Inorganic chemistry, QD146-197

الوصف: A new polymorphic modification of lanthanum sulfate was obtained by thermal dehydration of the respective nonahydrate. According to powder X-ray diffraction, it was established that β-La2(SO4)3 crystallized in the C2/c space group of the monoclinic system with the KTh2(PO4)3 structure type (a = 17.6923(9), b = 6.9102(4), c = 8.3990(5) Å, β = 100.321(3)°, and V = 1010.22(9) Å3). Temperature dependency studies of the unit cell parameters indicated almost zero expansion along the a direction in the temperature range of 300–450 K. Presumably, this occurred due to stretching of the [LaO9]n chains along the c direction, which occurred without a significant alteration in the layer thickness over the a direction. A systematic study of the formation and destruction processes of the lanthanum sulfates under heating was carried out. In particular, the decisive impact of the chemical composition and formation energy of compounds on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the processes was established. DFT calculations showed β-La2(SO4)3 to be a dielectric material with a bandgap of more than 6.4 eV. The processing of β-La2(SO4)3 with the Kubelka–Munk function exhibited low values below 6.4 eV, which indicated a fundamental absorption edge above this energy that was consistent with LDA calculations. The Raman and infrared measurements of β-La2(SO4)3 were in accordance with the calculated spectra, indicating that the obtained crystal parameters represented a reliable structure.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/11/11/434Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2304-6740Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3a73d71dc36c42e3b20968bcacc8498aTest

المؤلفون: Custodio Matavel, Harald Kächele, Jonathan Steinke, Constance Rybak, Harry Hoffmann, João Salavessa, Stefan Sieber, Klaus Müller

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract Achieving food security in Mozambique is critical, since 80% of the population cannot afford an adequate diet. While increasing agricultural production is a necessary effort to address this challenge, inadequate post-harvest treatment leads to storage losses and quality degradation, with repercussions for food security. The use of solar drying is promoted as a solution to provide efficient and reliable access to food preservation that improves the food security situation in rural communities. However, there is a lack of clear evidence on how the use or access to solar drying affects food security. This study identifies the determinants of farmers’ choice to use solar drying and evaluates the effect of a passive solar dryer on food security using survey data from 634 households. We allocated solar dryers to selected communities and all interested individuals belonging to these communities were eligible to use it. Propensity score matching and endogenous switching poisson regression are used to estimate the average effect. The use of solar drying with associated training significantly increases the food security status of participants by increasing household food availability, women’s dietary diversity, and months of adequate household food provision and by decreasing the household food insecurity access scale.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b282e9ba8a074acc87b631b39475244aTest

المؤلفون: Custodio Matavel, Harry Hoffmann, Constance Rybak, Jonathan Steinke, Stefan Sieber, Klaus Müller

المصدر: Agriculture & Food Security, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Food consumption, Cash crops, Crop diversity, Staple food, Adequate food provisioning, Agriculture, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: Abstract Background The prevalence of food insecurity in Mozambique is alarming, despite progress made during the 2010s. Several studies apply different proxy indicators of food security (FS) to assess the FS situation. However, these studies overlook the factors affecting FS, using only a single data point that results in an incomplete picture of FS. Food security is expected to fluctuate, being better and worse than what studies suggest. Using a sample of 296 households to assess FS, key drivers conditioning households’ capacity to achieve FS in Gurué District, Central Mozambique, are identified. Data were collected in the pre-harvest period and during the harvest period to capture relevant interseasonal variation of FS. Household FS is assessed using three standard indicators: Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), Household Food Consumption Score (HFCS), and Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP). Results Each household was classified into a specific FS status depending on the indicator applied. Generally, most households were classified as being severely or moderately food insecure during the pre-harvest season, while during the harvest season, medium and high levels of FS predominated. Nevertheless, varying outcomes were found depending on the indicator used to assess FS. MAHFP and HDDS are more related to the consumption of farm-sourced food, while HFCS responds more strongly to purchased food. Gender and age of the household head, geographic location, size and quality of land, staples production (especially cassava), livestock and crop diversity, as well as cash crops had a statistically significant effect on FS indicators. Conclusions The study concludes that the decision whether farmers should rely on staple foods production for increasing their FS status or specialize on cash crops production to generate income and buy food depends on the indicator used to assess FS, since each indicator captures a specific domain of food security. Thus, one central recommendation derived from our results is that policy makers should promote a balance between market-oriented agriculture and subsistence production to achieve FS.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2048-7010Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/50e8b9b105fd4974856a9e3510e37a7aTest

المؤلفون: Klaus Müller-Wille

المصدر: Tidskrift för Litteraturvetenskap, Vol 52, Iss 1 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Language and Literature

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://publicera.kb.se/tfl/article/view/8560Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2001-094XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7850071ec8c641c5a54d0f275c5fe1a8Test

المؤلفون: Sidsel Mathiesen, Kaspar Sørensen, Marianne Ifversen, Casper P Hagen, Jørgen Holm Petersen, Anders Juul, Klaus Müller

المصدر: Endocrine Connections, Vol 10, Iss 10, Pp 1352-1365 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: pediatrics, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, late effects, gonadal function, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665

الوصف: Objectives: Longitudinal assessment of testicular function after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is needed to guide clinical follow-up. We investigated dynamics in male reproductive hormones after pediatric HSCT, focusing on pubertal timing and associations with testosterone deficiency and azoospe rmia in adulthood. Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal study included 39 survivors median 19 years after pediatric HSCT. Serum concentrations of LH, testosterone, FSH, and inhibin B from the time of HSCT, during puberty, and into adulthood were analy zed. Pubertal timing (rise in LH and testosterone) was compared to a reference cohort of 112 healthy boys. Associations between reproductive hormone levels during puberty and adult testicular function (including semen quality) were investigated. Results: Pubertal induction with testosterone was needed in 6/26 patients who were prepubertal at HSCT. In the remaining patients, pubertal timing was comparable to the reference cohort. However, 9/33 patients (without pubertal induction) developed testosterone deficiency in early adulthood, which was associated with higher LH levels from age 14 to 16 years. Azoospermia in adulthood was found in 18/26 patients without testosterone substitution. Higher FSH and lower inhibin B levels from mid-pubertal age were associated with azoospermia in adulthood, in patients bein g prepubertal at HSCT. Conclusion: Our results indicate a substantial risk of deterioration in testicular function after pediatric HSCT, despite normal pubertal timing. Although reproductive hormone levels from mid-puberty indicated adult testicular function, prolonged follow-up into adulthood is needed in these patients, including clinical examination, reproductive hormone analysis, and semen sample for patients interested in their fertility potential.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/10/10/EC-21-0154.xmlTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2049-3614Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d908a48518f14af0b8d9a790e976a046Test

المؤلفون: Custodio Matavel, Harry Hoffmann, Constance Rybak, Stefan Sieber, Klaus Müller, Michael Brüntrup, João Salavessa

المصدر: Discover Sustainability, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Solar energy, Passive solar dryers, Food security, Nutrition, Food processing, Environmental sciences, GE1-350

الوصف: Abstract The lack of adequate techniques for food processing is among the reasons underlying food losses and high levels of hunger in Sub-Saharan Africa; the application of solar energy to dry agricultural products is one potential solution. However, the total replacement of traditional uses of solar energy is still far from reality. Therefore, in this study, we systematically review the academic literature testing passive solar drying systems in order to assess their performance. Then the main limitations and challenges for passive solar dryers developed in Sub-Saharan Africa are derived. The literature search reveals very limited research and a lack of standardized methods to assess solar dryer performance. Studies mainly report parameters related to dryers’ thermal performance and physical features, thus neglecting parameters related to the quality of dried products and economics. Standardized and robust methodologies are urgently needed for more accurate conclusions and comparability of study results. Moreover, successfully applying passive solar dryers as an alternative to the traditional use of solar energy requires overcoming challenges such as time consumption, limited quantities of dried products, and the periodic nature of solar radiation. Thus, given its ability to significantly improve the self-life of food and overcome the current limitations for effective utilization of solar dryers in SSA, the use of mixed mode passive greenhouse dryers is proposed.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2662-9984Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/0405e06617224dda9723b9a70bc22a99Test

المؤلفون: Heba Youssef, Alexander E. Sedykh, Jonathan Becker, Ilya V. Taydakov, Klaus Müller-Buschbaum

المصدر: Inorganics, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 254 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: N-donor ligand, luminescence, polymorphism, cerium, lanthanides, Inorganic chemistry, QD146-197

الوصف: A series of 18 lanthanide-containing 1D-coordination polymers 1∞[Ln2(2–PyPzH)4Cl6], Ln = La, Nd, Sm, dinuclear polymorphic complexes α–, β–[Ln2(2–PyPzH)4Cl6], Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, α–[Tb2(2–PyPzH)4Cl6], and [Gd2(2–PyPzH)3(2–PyPz)Cl5], mononuclear complexes [Ce(2–PyPzH)3Cl3], [Ln(2–PyPzH)2Cl3], Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er, and salt-like complexes [Gd3(2–PyPzH)8Cl8]Cl and [PyH][Tb(2–PyPzH)2Cl4] were obtained from the reaction of the respective lanthanide chloride with the 3–(2–pyridyl)pyrazole (2–PyPzH) ligand at different temperatures. An antenna effect through ligand-to-metal energy transfer was observed for several products, leading to the highest luminescence efficiency displayed by a quantum yield of 92% in [Tb(2–PyPzH)2Cl3]. The Ce3+ ion in the complex [Ce(2–PyPzH)3Cl3] exhibits a bright and orange 5d-based broadband emission with a maximum at around 600 nm, marking an example of a strong reduction of the 5d-excited states of Ce(III). The absorption spectroscopy shows ion-specific 4f–4f transitions, which can be assigned to Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, and Er3+ in a wide spectral range from UV–VIS to the NIR region.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/10/12/254Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2304-6740Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4781b4979e054dcf84b9671edf03cf8cTest