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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Tim Stockwell, Norman Giesbrecht, Kate Vallance, Ashley Wettlaufer
المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 8, p 2846 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: alcohol, policy, public health, alcohol industry, Canada, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
الوصف: Evidence for effective government policies to reduce exposure to alcohol’s carcinogenic and hepatoxic effects has strengthened in recent decades. Policies with the strongest evidence involve reducing the affordability, availability and cultural acceptability of alcohol. However, policies that reduce population consumption compete with powerful commercial vested interests. This paper draws on the Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation (CAPE), a formal assessment of effective government action on alcohol across Canadian jurisdictions. It also draws on alcohol policy case studies elsewhere involving attempts to introduce minimum unit pricing and cancer warning labels on alcohol containers. Canadian governments collectively received a failing grade (F) for alcohol policy implementation during the most recent CAPE assessment in 2017. However, had the best practices observed in any one jurisdiction been implemented consistently, Canada would have received an A grade. Resistance to effective alcohol policies is due to (1) lack of public awareness of both need and effectiveness, (2) a lack of government regulatory mechanisms to implement effective policies, (3) alcohol industry lobbying, and (4) a failure from the public health community to promote specific and feasible actions as opposed to general principles, e.g., ‘increased prices’ or ‘reduced affordability’. There is enormous untapped potential in most countries for the implementation of proven strategies to reduce alcohol-related harm. While alcohol policies have weakened in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, societies may now also be more accepting of public health-inspired policies with proven effectiveness and potential economic benefits.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Ashini Weerasinghe, Nour Schoueri-Mychasiw, Kate Vallance, Tim Stockwell, David Hammond, Jonathan McGavock, Thomas K. Greenfield, Catherine Paradis, Erin Hobin
المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 17; Issue 2; Pages: 398
مصطلحات موضوعية: cancer prevention, alcohol, alcohol policy, alcohol warning labels
جغرافية الموضوع: agris
الوصف: Knowledge that alcohol can cause cancer is low in Canada. Alcohol labels are one strategy for communicating alcohol-related harms, including cancer. Extending existing research observing an association between knowledge of the alcohol–cancer link and support for alcohol policies, this study examined whether increases in individual-level knowledge that alcohol is a carcinogen following an alcohol labelling intervention are associated with support for alcohol polices. Cancer warning labels were applied to alcohol containers at the intervention site, and the comparison site did not apply cancer labels. Pre-post surveys were conducted among liquor store patrons at both sites before and two-and six-months after the intervention was stopped due to alcohol industry interference. Limiting the data to participants that completed surveys both before and two-months after the cancer label stopped, logistic regression was used to examine the association between increases in knowledge and support for policies. Support for pricing and availability policies was low overall; however, increases in individual-level knowledge of the alcohol-cancer link was associated with higher levels of support for pricing policies, specifically, setting a minimum unit price per standard drink of alcohol (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.11–3.12). Improving knowledge that alcohol can cause cancer using labels may increase support for alcohol policies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/16320
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: John B. Saunders, Kate Vallance, Jonathan Chick, Ashley Wettlaufer, Clifton Chow, Bernie Pauly, Jinhui Zhao, Tim Stockwell
المصدر: Alcohol and Alcoholism. 56:651-659
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Canada, Longitudinal study, Alcohol Drinking, 030508 substance abuse, Alcohol, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Harm Reduction, Liver Function Tests, Quasi experimental study, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cities, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ethanol, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Alcohol dependence, Social Support, Effective management, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Alcoholism, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, Housing, Female, Bilirubin levels, 0305 other medical science, Liver function tests, business, Alcohol consumption, Program Evaluation, Demography
الوصف: Aim Investigate changes in alcohol use and related harm using the first multisite, controlled, longitudinal study of Managed Alcohol Programs (MAPs). MAPs provide regular doses of alcohol, accommodation, social supports and healthcare to unstably housed people with alcohol dependence. Methods A multisite, quasi-experimental, longitudinal study was conducted in day centres, shelters and residential programs for unstably housed people. There were 59 MAP participants from six Canadian cities and 116 local controls. Self-reported alcohol consumption and harms were assessed at 0-2, 6 and 12 months. Liver function test results were accessed for MAP participants. Results Both groups had similar reductions in mean drinks per day (MAP: -8.11; controls: -8.54 controls, P < 0.001) and days drinking per month (MAP: -2.51 days, P < 0.05; control: -4.81 days, P = 0.0001) over 6–-12 months. Both reduced non-beverage alcohol consumption. MAP participants reported significantly fewer harms at both 0-2 and 6 months than controls. MAP participants had similar total consumption to controls, but spread out over more days (25.41 versus 19.64 days per month, P = 0.001). After leaving a MAP, participants’ liver status deteriorated, with increases in both aspartate transaminase and bilirubin levels. MAP sites with effective policies on outside drinking drank less and had fewer harms. Conclusion MAP participants drank less hazardously than controls, especially with effective management of non-MAP drinking. Reductions in alcohol use and harms occurred for both groups, although MAP participants reported fewer harms at 0-6 months. Departing an MAP was associated with deterioration in liver status. Although providing stable housing, MAPs did not worsen health or increase alcohol use.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::bbb21ed79d268cc386e030114225e2c9Test
https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agaa134Test -
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المؤلفون: Gerald Thomas, Norman Giesbrecht, Nicole April, Clifton Chow, Mark Asbridge, Kara Thompson, Robert Solomon, Robert E. Mann, Kate Vallance, Samantha Cukier, Ashley Wettlaufer, Tim Stockwell, Geoff Hynes, Russell C. Callaghan
المصدر: Drug and Alcohol Review. 40:459-467
مصطلحات موضوعية: Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Alcohol Drinking, Decision Making, Population, 030508 substance abuse, Medicine (miscellaneous), Public Policy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Harm Reduction, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Marketing, education, education.field_of_study, Government, Harm reduction, Jurisdiction, Alcoholic Beverages, Public health, Commerce, Harm, Systematic review, Order (business), Business, 0305 other medical science
الوصف: INTRODUCTION Policy changes may contribute to increased alcohol-related risks to populations. These include privatisation of alcohol retailing, which influences density of alcohol outlets, location of outlets, hours of sale and prevention of alcohol sales to minors or intoxicated customers. Meta-analyses, reviews and original research indicate enhanced access to alcohol is associated with elevated risk of and actual harm. We assess the 10 Canadian provinces on two alcohol policy domains-type of alcohol control system and physical availability of alcohol-in order to track changes over time, and document shifting changes in alcohol policy. METHODS Our information was based on government documents and websites, archival statistics and key informant interviews. Policy domains were selected and weighted for their degree of effectiveness and population reach based on systematic reviews and epidemiological evidence. Government representatives were asked to validate all the information for their jurisdiction. RESULTS The province-specific reports based on the 2012 results showed that 9 of 10 provinces had mixed retail systems-a combination of government-run and privately owned alcohol outlets. Recommendations in each provincial report were to not increase privatisation. However, by 2017 the percentage of off-premise private outlets had increased in four of these nine provinces, with new private outlet systems introduced in several. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Decision-making protocols are oriented to commercial interests and perceived consumer convenience. If public health and safety considerations are not meaningfully included in decision-making protocols on alcohol policy, then it will be challenging to curtail or reduce harms.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::01d4f95ac467ced4a501cf785389f5dbTest
https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13229Test -
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المؤلفون: Tim Stockwell, Kate Vallance, Vashti King, Sarah Tranquilli-Doherty, Michelle Wishart, Ashley Smith, Bernie Pauly, Christy Sutherland
المصدر: Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. 28:172-180
مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Medicine (miscellaneous), Alcohol, Alcohol use disorder, medicine.disease, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, medicine, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY, Psychiatry, Psychology, Qualitative research
الوصف: Managed alcohol programs (MAPs) have been implemented in Canada to reduce harms of severe alcohol use disorder and homelessness. Programs traditionally provide participants with regulated doses of ...
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::f25509f683cc3f1717a3aeb2473e2d59Test
https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2020.1764500Test -
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المؤلفون: Erin Hobin, Tim Stockwell, Nour Schoueri-Mychasiw, David Hammond, Kate Vallance, Jonathan McGavock, Catherine Paradis, Jinhui Zhao, Ashini Weerasinghe, Thomas K. Greenfield
المصدر: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health (social science), Alcohol Drinking, MEDLINE, Poison control, Guidelines as Topic, Product Labeling, Toxicology, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Cohort Studies, Environmental health, Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Yukon Territory, Injury prevention, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, business.industry, Alcoholic Beverages, Human factors and ergonomics, Guideline, Awareness, Middle Aged, Psychiatry and Mental health, Special Section: Alcohol Warning Labels, Female, Health information, business
الوصف: Objective: Alcohol labels are one strategy for communicating health information to consumers. This study tested the extent to which consumers recalled alcohol labels with national drinking guidelines and examined the impact of labels on awareness and knowledge of the guidelines. Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in two jurisdictions in northern Canada examining the impact of labels on the following outcomes: unprompted and prompted recall of the drinking guideline label message, awareness of the drinking guidelines, and knowledge of the daily and weekly recommended drink limits. The intervention site applied labels with national drinking guidelines, a cancer warning, and standard drink information to alcohol containers in its liquor store, whereas the comparison site did not apply these labels. In total, 2,049 cohort participants in both sites were recruited to complete surveys before and at two time points after the intervention. Changes in outcomes were examined using generalized estimating equations. Results: After the intervention, unprompted and prompted recall of the drinking guideline label message increased more in the intervention versus comparison site (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 10.8, 95% CI [0.9, 127.6]; AOR = 7.0, 95% CI [3.3, 14.9], respectively). Awareness of the drinking guidelines increased 2.9 times more in the intervention versus comparison site (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI [2.0, 4.3]). In addition, knowledge of the daily and weekly drink limits increased 1.5 and 1.4 times more in the intervention versus comparison site, respectively (daily: AOR = 1.5, 95% CI [1.0, 2.1]; weekly: AOR = 1.4, 95% CI [1.0, 2.0]). Conclusions: Enhanced alcohol labels get noticed and may be an effective population-level strategy for increasing awareness and knowledge of national drinking guidelines.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c3787498a6d0e49d4b22967875538c96Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7201209Test -
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المؤلفون: Nour Schoueri-Mychasiw, Erin Hobin, Alexandria Vincent, Thomas K. Greenfield, David Hammond, Kate Vallance, Jonathan McGavock, Tim Stockwell
المصدر: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
مصطلحات موضوعية: endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Canada, Health (social science), Alcohol Drinking, Alcohol industry, Public debate, MEDLINE, 030508 substance abuse, Media coverage, Alcohol, Product Labeling, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Mass Media, News media, business.industry, Public health, Alcoholic Beverages, food and beverages, Cancer, Advertising, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, chemistry, Special Section: Alcohol Warning Labels, Business, Public Health, 0305 other medical science, Ireland
الوصف: Objective: Media coverage of alcohol-related policy measures can influence public debate and is often more aligned with interests of the alcohol industry than public health. The purpose of this study was to examine the framing of news coverage of alcohol warning label (AWL) initiatives that included a cancer message on alcohol containers in two different countries. Policy contexts and industry perspectives were also evaluated. Method: We identified and systematically reviewed news articles published between 2017–2019 covering an AWL academic study in Yukon, Canada, and labeling provisions in a Public Health (Alcohol) Bill in Ireland. Both included a cancer message. News stories were coded for media type and topic slant; inclusion of alcohol industry perspectives was examined using content analysis. Results: Overall, 68.4% of media articles covering the Yukon Study (n = 38) and 18.9% covering the Ireland Bill (n = 37) were supportive of AWLs with a cancer message. The majority of articles in both sites presented alcohol industry perspectives (Yukon, 65.8%; Ireland, 86.5%), and industry arguments opposing AWLs were similar across both contexts. In articles with statements from industry representatives, the label message was frequently disputed by distorting or denying the evidence that alcohol causes cancer (n = 33/43). Conclusions: News coverage of AWLs with a cancer message was more supportive in Canada than Ireland, where alcohol industry perspectives were consistently foregrounded. Industry arguments opposing the cancer label bore similarities across contexts, often distorting or denying the evidence. Increasing awareness of industry messaging strategies may generate more critical coverage of industry lobbying activities and increase public support for alcohol policies. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 81, 273–283, 2020)
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::da1f6799f84c0e09179d17642b4cd435Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7201216Test -
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المؤلفون: Kate Vallance, David Hammond, Erin Hobin, Thomas K. Greenfield, Catherine Paradis, Tim Stockwell, Ashini Weerasinghe, Jonathan McGavock, Nour Schoueri-Mychasiw
المصدر: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Health (social science), Alcohol Drinking, MEDLINE, Alcohol, Product Labeling, Toxicology, Northwest Territories, chemistry.chemical_compound, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Yukon Territory, mental disorders, Quasi experimental study, medicine, Humans, Recall, business.industry, Alcoholic Beverages, Communication, food and beverages, Cancer, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Special Section: Alcohol Warning Labels, chemistry, Mental Recall, Female, business, Cancer risk, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Objective: This study tested the initial and continued effects of cancer warning labels on drinkers’ recall and knowledge that alcohol can cause cancer. Method: A quasi-experiment was conducted to examine changes in the intervention versus comparison site for three outcomes: unprompted and prompted recall of the cancer warning, and knowledge that alcohol can cause cancer. The intervention site applied cancer warning labels to alcohol containers in its liquor store for 1 month, and the two liquor stores in the comparison site did not apply cancer labels. In total, 2,049 unique cohort participants (1,056 male) were recruited at liquor stores in the intervention and comparison sites to participate in surveys 4 months before labels were applied and 2 and 6 months after the cancer label was halted because of alcohol industry interference. Generalized estimating equations tested differences in outcomes between sites over time adjusting for socio-demographics and other covariates. Results: Two months after the cancer label, unprompted (+24.2% vs. +0.6%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 32.7, 95% CI [5.4, 197.7]) and prompted (+35.7% vs. +4.1%; AOR = 6.2, 95% CI [3.6, 10.9]) recall increased to a greater extent in the intervention versus comparison site. There was a 10% greater increase in knowledge (+12.1% vs. +11.6%; AOR = 1.1, 95% CI [0.7, 1.5]) 2 months after the cancer label in the intervention versus comparison site. Similar results were found 6 months after the cancer label for all three outcomes. Conclusions: In a real-world setting, cancer warning labels get noticed and increase knowledge that alcohol can cause cancer. Additional cancer label intervention studies are required that are not compromised by industry interference.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7c9b9ee30da8d5702ed91fb1abbda871Test
https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2020.81.249Test -
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المؤلفون: Kate Vallance, Erin Hobin, Tim Stockwell, Paula O'Brien, Robert Solomon
المصدر: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 81:284-292
مصطلحات موضوعية: Demand reduction policy, Government, Health (social science), 030508 substance abuse, Advertising, Health knowledge, Toxicology, World health, Power (social and political), 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, Right to know, Business, 0305 other medical science, Alcohol consumption
الوصف: Objective:Although the World Health Organization (WHO) declared alcohol a Class 1 carcinogen 30 years ago, few governments have communicated this fact to the public. We illustrate how alcohol indus...
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::2e41f6ed2c76aa3ae357b1a0149d329cTest
https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2020.81.284Test
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