المؤلفون: Wael Ageeli, Nabi Soha, Xinyu Zhang, Magdalena Szewcyk-Bieda, Jennifer Wilson, Chunhui Li, Ghulam Nabi

المصدر: Insights into Imaging, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cancer, Size, Multi parametric MRI, Prostate, 3D printing, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920

الوصف: Abstract Objectives To compare the accuracy of pre-surgical prostate size measurements using mpMRI and USWE with imaging-based 3D-printed patient-specific whole-mount moulds facilitated histopathology, and to assess whether size assessment varies between clinically significant and non-significant cancerous lesions including their locations in different zones of the prostate. Methods The study population included 202 men with clinically localised prostate cancer opting for radical surgery derived from two prospective studies. Protocol-based imaging data was used for measurement of size of prostate cancer in clinically localised disease using MRI (N = 106; USWE (N = 96). Forty-eight men overlapped between two studies and formed the validation cohort. The primary outcome of this study was to assess the accuracy of pre-surgical prostate cancerous size measurements using mpMRI and USWE with imaging-based 3D-printed patient-specific whole-mount moulds facilitated histopathology as a reference standard. Independent-samples T-tests were used for the continuous variables and a nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test for independent samples was applied to examine the distribution and median differences between mpMRI and USWE groups. Results A significant number of men had underestimation of prostate cancer using both mpMRI (82.1%; 87/106) and USWE (64.6%; 62/96). On average, tumour size was underestimated by a median size of 7 mm in mpMRI, and 1 mm in USWE. There were 327 cancerous lesions (153 with mpMRI and 174 for USWE). mpMRI and USWE underestimated the majority of cancerous lesions (108/153; 70.6%) and (88/174; 50.6%), respectively. Validation cohort data confirmed these findings MRI had a nearly 20% higher underestimation rate than USWE (χ 2 (1, N = 327) = 13.580, p = 0.001); especially in the mid and apical level of the gland. Clinically non-significant cancers were underestimated in significantly higher numbers in comparison to clinically significant cancers. Conclusions Size measurement of prostate cancers on preoperative imaging utilising maximum linear extent technique, underestimated the extent of cancer. Further research is needed to confirm our observations using different sequences, methods and approaches for cancer size measurement.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1869-4101Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/705e8394309f45c881599e103291017bTest

المؤلفون: Jayapriya Chandrasekaran, Belkis Jacquez, Jennifer Wilson, Jonathan L. Brigman

المصدر: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 17 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: reward value, touchscreen, development, FASD, non-nutrient sweetener, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571

الوصف: IntroductionFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are the leading cause of preventable developmental disability and are commonly characterized by alterations in executive function. Reversal learning tasks are reliable, cross-species methods for testing a frequently impaired aspect of executive control, behavioral flexibility. Pre-clinical studies commonly require the use of reinforcers to motivate animals to learn and perform the task. While there are several reinforcers available, the most commonly employed are solid (food pellets) and liquid (sweetened milk) rewards. Previous studies have examined the effects of different solid rewards or liquid dietary content on learning in instrumental responding and found that rodents on liquid reward with higher caloric content performed better with increased response and task acquisition rate. The influence of reinforcer type on reversal learning and how this interacts with developmental insults such as prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has not been explored.MethodsWe tested whether reinforcer type during learning or reversal would impact an established deficit in PAE mice.ResultsWe found that all male and female mice on liquid reward, regardless of prenatal exposure were better motivated to learn task behaviors during pre-training. Consistent with previous findings, both male and female PAE mice and Saccharine control mice were able to learn the initial stimulus reward associations irrespective of the reinforcer type. During the initial reversal phase, male PAE mice that received pellet rewards exhibited maladaptive perseverative responding whereas male mice that received liquid rewards performed comparable to their control counterparts. Female PAE mice that received either reinforcer types did not exhibit any deficits on behavioral flexibility. Female saccharine control mice that received liquid, but not pellet, rewards showed increased perseverative responding during the early reversal phase.DiscussionThese data suggest that reinforcer type can have a major impact on motivation, and therefore performance, during reversal learning. Highly motivating rewards may mask behavioral deficits seen with more moderately sought rewards and gestational exposure to the non-caloric sweetener, saccharine, can impact behavior motivated by those reinforcers in a sex-dependent manner.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1147536/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1662-453XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/86955f7b0d9043319e51411c04e58ae6Test

المؤلفون: Athalie Redwood‐Brown, Jennifer Wilson, Paul Felton

المصدر: Health Science Reports, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: COVID‐19, CrossFit™, functional exercise, health, physical activity, Medicine

الوصف: Abstract Background and Aims The period between March 2020 and March 2021 saw an unprecedented change to everyday life due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This included the closure of businesses in the health and fitness sector. Such closures impacted people in several ways; increasing stress, reducing mental well‐being, and decreasing motivation to exercise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of UK lockdowns on the behavior, motives, and general health & well‐being of CrossFit™ gym members in the United Kingdom. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 757 CrossFit™ participants (height 1.71 ± 0.10 m; weight 76.4 ± 16.1 kg; body mass index [BMI]: 26.1 ± 4.7 kg/m²) using an online survey, which included questions pertaining to COVID‐19, lockdown behaviors, motivation, health, and well‐being. Participants also reported on their training background and exercise habits during lockdown restrictions. Results Differences were observed in levels of exercise (p = 0.004), motivation to train at home (p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2398-8835Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/dcf496e62c54411d8e908d24b82a35a2Test

المؤلفون: Kaori Ito, Naomi George, Jennifer Wilson, Jason Bowman, Emily Aaronson, Kei Ouchi

المصدر: Journal of Intensive Care, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9

الوصف: Abstract Palliative care is an interdisciplinary care to optimize physical, psychosocial, and spiritual symptoms of patients and their families whose quality of life is impaired by serious, life-limiting illness. In 2021, the importance of providing palliative care in the intensive care unit (ICU) is well recognized by various studies to alleviate physical symptoms due to invasive treatments, to set patient-centered goals of care, and to provide end-of-life care. This paper summarizes the evidence known to date on primary palliative care delivered in the ICU settings. We will then discuss the potential benefits and harms of primary palliative care so that critical care clinicians are better equipped to decide what services might best improve the palliative care needs in their ICUs.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2052-0492Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/2200d77339744cf2a5b5fcbe5fa43e63Test

المؤلفون: Athalie Redwood-Brown, Grant William Ralston, Jennifer Wilson

المصدر: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: COVID-19, CrossFit™, Functional exercise, Health, Physical activity, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245

الوصف: Abstract Background Contemporary literature indicates that a higher body mass index (BMI) serves as a risk factor for metabolic disease and is also correlated with greater disease severity. Subsequently, it has been linked to increased COVID-19 severity. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether regular CrossFit™ participation was associated with lower BMI, decreased COVID-19 severity and susceptibility. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1806 CrossFit™ (CF) participants. Participants were asked about their age (yrs), sex (male vs. female), ethnic group, body height (cm) and weight (kg). Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was computed and consistent with WHO (2018) criteria. Participants self-reported their training history, health and lifestyle history, nutritional customs, present training status and suspected levels of exposure to COVID-19. Once submitted the collected data were coded, cleaned and analysed. Results The final model comprised of 1806 CF individuals from an online survey response rate of 2086. The participants age ranged from 18 to 65+ yrs. Self-reported mean body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) reported that

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2052-1847Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/c144ce4d14724d8aa1d18c79ce1d1f87Test

المؤلفون: Wael Ageeli, Cheng Wei, Xinyu Zhang, Magdalena Szewcyk-Bieda, Jennifer Wilson, Chunhui Li, Ghulam Nabi

المصدر: Insights into Imaging, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Prostate, Ultrasonography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Shear wave elastography, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920

الوصف: Abstract Objective To correlate quantitative tissue stiffness measurements obtained by transrectal ultrasound shear wave elastography (USWE) with PI-RADS scoring of multiparametric magnetic imaging resonance (mpMRI) using Gleason scores of radical prostatectomy as a reference standard. Patients and methods 196 men with localised prostate cancer were prospectively recruited into the study and had quantitative prostate tissue stiffness measurements in kilopascals (kPa) using transrectal USWE prior to radical prostatectomy. PI-RADS scores of mpMRI were also obtained in all the men. Imaging and histopathology of radical prostatectomy specimen were oriented to each other using patient specific customised 3D moulds to guide histopathology grossing of radical prostatectomy specimens. All included patients had confirmed PCa on TRUS-guided biopsies, had both USWE and mpMRI imaging data, and underwent radical prostatectomy. Chi-square test with 95% confidence interval was used to assess the difference between Gleason score (GS) of radical prostatectomy and PI-RADS classification, as well as GS of radical prostatectomy and stiffness (in Kpa) using USWE. The correlation coefficient (r) was calculated in order to investigate relation between PI-RADS classification and tissue stiffness in kPa. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between USWE-measured tissue stiffness and GS (χ 2 (2, N = 196) = 23.577, p 100 kPa) detected more than 80% and 90% high risk prostate cancer disease. However, a weak correlation coefficient of 0.231 was observed between PI-RADS score and level of tissue stiffness measured in kPa. Conclusion Quantitative USWE and mpMRI using PI-RADS classification provide a good degree of prediction for Gleason score of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Stiffer lesions on ultrasound showed a weak correlation with PI-RADS scoring system. USWE could be used to target suspected prostate cancer.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1869-4101Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b666fc1a0ce74d4db70b91be6caebac0Test

المؤلفون: Wael Ageeli, Xinyu Zhang, Chidozie N. Ogbonnaya, Susan E. Bray, Neil M. Kernohan, Jennifer Wilson, Chunhui Li, Ghulam Nabi

المصدر: Frontiers in Oncology, Vol 12 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: cancer-associated fibroblasts, prostate cancer, immunohistochemistry, stiffness, tumor microenvironment, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282

الوصف: IntroductionGrowing evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) represented by cellular and acellular components plays a key role in the multistep process of metastases and response to therapies. However, imaging and molecular characterization of the TME in prostate cancer (PCa) and its role in predicting aggressive tumor behavior and disease progression is largely unexplored. The study explores the PCa TME through the characterization of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) using both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and genomics approaches. This is then correlated with transrectal ultrasound shear wave elastography (USWE)-measured tissue stiffness.Patients and MethodsThirty patients with clinically localized PCa undergoing radical prostatectomy for different risk categories of tumor (low, intermediate, and high) defined by Gleason score (GS) were prospectively recruited into this study. Prostatic tissue stiffness was measured using USWE prior to surgery. The CAFs within the TME were identified by IHC using a panel of six antibodies (FAP, SMAα, FSP1, CD36, PDGFRα, and PDGFRβ) as well as gene expression profiling using TempO-sequence analysis. Whether the pattern and degree of immunohistochemical positivity (measured by Quick score method) and expression of genes characterizing CAFs were correlated with USWE- and GS-measured tissue stiffnesses were tested using Spearman’s rank correlation and Pearson correlation.ResultsThere was a statistically significant correlation between GS of cancers, the pattern of staining for CAFs by immunohistochemical staining, and tissue stiffness measured in kPa using USWE (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed in immunohistochemical staining patterns between normal prostate and prostatic cancerous tissue. PDGFRβ and SMAα immunostaining scores increased linearly with increasing the USWE stiffness and the GS of PCa. There was a significant positive correlation between increasing tissue stiffness in tumor stroma and SMAα and PDGFRβ gene expression in the fibromuscular stroma (p < 0.001).ConclusionUSWE-measured tissue stiffness correlates with increased SMAα and PDGFRβ expressing CAFs and PCa GSs. This mechanistic correlation could be used for predicting the upgrading of GS from biopsies to radical surgery and response to novel treatments.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.822476/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2234-943XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1231c242dea64a63a55573f58cf5fa3bTest

المؤلفون: Faisal Alshomrani, Basim S. O. Alsaedi, Cheng Wei, Magdalena Szewczyk-Bieda, Stephen Gandy, Jennifer Wilson, Zhihong Huang, Ghulam Nabi

المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 576 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: mpMRI, prostate cancer, radiomic, dynamic contrast enhancement, tissue-mimicking phantom, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Over the last few years, a number of studies have quantified the role of radiomics, dynamic contrast enhancement and standard MRI (T2WI + DWI) in detecting prostate cancer; however, the aim of this paper was to assess the advantage of combining radiomics with other multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) (T2-DWI-DCE) in improving the detection of prostate cancer. This study used 10 prostate-cancer-tissue-mimicking phantoms to obtain preclinical data. We then focused on 46 patients who underwent mpMRI and Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy between September 2016 and December 2017. The texture analysis parameters combined with the mpMRI and compared with the histopathology of TRUS biopsy have been assessed statistically by principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant component analysis (DCA). The prediction model and goodness-of-fit were examined with the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and McFadden pseudo-R-squared. In the PCA, there was a higher separation between cancerous and noncancerous tissue in the preclinical compared with the clinical data. Both AIC and R2 showed an improvement in the model in cancer prediction by adding the radiomics to mpMRI. The discriminant analysis showed an accuracy of cancer prediction of 81% compared with 100% in the pre-clinical phantom data. Combining radiomics with mpMRI showed an improvement in prostate cancer prediction. The ex vivo experiments validated the findings of this study.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/576Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/588c2270dc38456198ababa7b59cf580Test

المؤلفون: Matthew Fell, Robert Staruch, Benjamin G Baker, Rebecca Nicholas, Rachel Howes, Kavit Amin, James Coelho, Michelle Collins, Elizabeth Concannon, Asmat Din, Susan Hendrickson, Calum Honeyman, Amer Hussain, Ian King, Karen Lindsay, Serena Martin, Rikki Mistry, Nicholas Segeren, Vikram Sharma, Dimitris Reissis, Clare Rivers, Claire Sin-Hidge, Kirsty Smith, Natasha Wielogorska, Jennifer Wilson, Justin Wormald, Katie Young

المصدر: JPRAS Open, Vol 25, Iss , Pp 72-82 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Surgical training, Plastic surgery, PLASTA, Surgery, RD1-811

الوصف: Background: Plastic surgery training in the UK continues to evolve towards an outcome-based rather than time-served curriculum. UK plastic surgery trainees are appointed nationally, and are assessed according to national standards, but training is delivered regionally. This study sought opinion from current UK plastic surgery trainees in order to highlight strengths and shortcomings of the higher surgical training programme. Method: A cross-sectional study was designed and administered by the UK Plastic Surgery Trainees Association (PLASTA). A questionnaire was distributed to all UK plastic surgery trainees holding a National Training Number, using the REDCap web-based application. Results: Of the 320 UK plastic surgery trainees, 131 (41%) participated in this survey, with responses from all 12 UK training regions. The most common subspecialty career aspirations for trainees were hand surgery, cleft lip and palate, lower limb and oncoplastic breast reconstruction. The survey highlighted regional variation in teaching programmes, the ability to achieve indicative operative logbook numbers, and training in aesthetic surgery. Of the trainees, 82% expressed a desire to undertake a fellowship within their training, but most did not know whether their deanery would support this. Fifteen per cent of the respondents were currently training flexibly and the majority of these had experienced negative behaviours towards their less than full time working status. Of the respondents, 44% reported stress, 25% reported a lack of autonomy and 17% reported feeling burnt out at work at least once a week. A total of 85% perceived that they did not have access to a mentoring service. Conclusions: Plastic surgery remains a popular and highly competitive surgical speciality in the UK, and many trainees reported high levels of satisfaction during their training. Aspects of training that could be improved have been highlighted and recommendations made accordingly.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352587820300267Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2352-5878Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/0741368bfcbe40059d55cfa921024283Test

المؤلفون: Cheng Wei, Yilong Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Wael Ageeli, Magdalena Szewczyk-Bieda, Jonathan Serhan, Jennifer Wilson, Chunhui Li, Ghulam Nabi

المصدر: Frontiers in Oncology, Vol 11 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: prostate cancer, ultrasound shear wave elastography, multiparametric MRI, PIRADS, radical prostatectomy, prostate biopsy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282

الوصف: ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of ultrasound shear wave elastography (USWE) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in predicting a change in biopsy-assigned Gleason Score (GS) after radical surgery for localised prostate cancer (PCa).MethodA total of 212 men opting for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) between September 2013 and June 2017 were recruited into this study. All the participants had 12-core transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsies and imaging using USWE and mpMRI before radical surgery. The predictive accuracy for imaging modalities was assessed in relation to upgrading and downgrading of PCa GS between the biopsies and radical prostatectomy using Student’s t-test and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A decision analysis curve was constructed assessing the impact of nomogram on clinical situations using different thresholds of upgrading probabilities.ResultsMost GS 6 diseases on biopsies were upgraded on radical surgery (37/42, 88.1%). Major downgrading was seen in GS 8 category of disease (14/35; 37.1%), whereas no alteration was observed in GS 7 on biopsies in most men (55/75; 73.3%). In univariate analysis, higher preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (p = 0.001), higher prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) (p = 0.002), stiffer USWE lesions (p = 0.009), and higher prostate imaging–reporting and data system (PIRADS) (p = 0.002) on mpMRI were significant predictors of upgrading. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, only PSA (p = 0.016) and USWE-measured tissue stiffness (p = 0.029) showed statistical significance in predicting upgrading.ConclusionsMeasurement of tissue stiffness using USWE in clinically localised PCa can predict upgrading of GS and has the potential to improve patient management options.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.740724/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2234-943XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b2c863a4908947c493d6ae23996e581cTest