يعرض 41 - 50 نتائج من 1,340 نتيجة بحث عن '"Iida H"', وقت الاستعلام: 0.85s تنقيح النتائج
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    دورية أكاديمية

    الوصف: Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly occurring neoplasms and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and new preventive strategies are needed to lower the burden of this disease. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease, has recently been suggested to have a suppressive effect on tumorigenesis and cancer cell growth. In CRC chemoprevention trials, in general, the incidence of polyps or of the cancer itself is set as the study endpoint. Although the incidence rate of CRC would be the most reliable endpoint, use of this endpoint would be unsuitable for chemoprevention trials, because of the relatively low occurrence rate of CRC in the general population and the long-term observation period that it would necessitate. Moreover, there is an ethical problem in conducting long-term trials to determine whether a test drug might be effective or harmful. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), defined as lesions containing crypts that are larger in diameter and stain more darkly with methylene blue than normal crypts, are considered as a reliable surrogate biomarker of CRC. Thus, we devised a prospective randomized controlled trial as a preliminary study prior to a CRC chemoprevention trial to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of EPA against colorectal ACF formation and the safety of this drug, in patients scheduled for polypectomy. Methods: This study is a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial to be conducted in patients with both colorectal ACF and colorectal polyps scheduled for polypectomy. Eligible patients shall be recruited for the study and the number of ACF in the rectum counted at the baseline colonoscopy. Then, the participants shall be allocated randomly to either one of two groups, the EPA group and the placebo group. Patients in the EPA group shall receive oral 900-mg EPA capsules thrice daily (total daily dose, 2.7 g per day), and ...

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    مؤتمر
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    دورية أكاديمية
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    دورية أكاديمية
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    دورية أكاديمية

    مصطلحات موضوعية: Original article

    الوصف: <$O_ST_ABS>Background<$C_ST_ABS>The number of long-term survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) showed steady increase in the past two decades. Second malignancies after HSCT are a devastating late complication. We analyzed the incidence of, risk compared with that in the general population, and risk factors for secondary solid cancers. <$O_ST_ABS>Patients and methods<$C_ST_ABS>Patients were 17 545 adult recipients of a first allogeneic stem cell transplantation between 1990 and 2007 in Japan. Risks of developing secondary solid tumors were compared with general population by using standard incidence ratios (SIRs). <$O_ST_ABS>Results<$C_ST_ABS>Two-hundred sixty-nine secondary solid cancers were identified. The cumulative incidence was 0.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6%–0.9%] at 5 years and 1.7% (95% CI, 1.4%–1.9%) at 10 years after transplant. The risk was significantly higher than that in the general population (SIR = 1.8, 95% CI, 1.5–2.0). Risk was higher for oral cancer (SIR = 15.7, 95% CI, 12.1–20.1), esophageal cancer (SIR = 8.5, 95% CI, 6.1–11.5), colon cancer (SIR = 1.9, 95% CI, 1.2–2.7), skin cancer (SIR = 7.2, 95% CI, 3.9–12.4), and brain/nervous system cancer (SIR = 4.1, 95% CI, 1.6–8.4). The risk of developing oral, esophageal, or skin cancer was higher at all times after 1-year post-transplant. Extensive-type chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was a significant risk factor for the development of all solid tumors (RR = 1.8, P < 0.001), as well as for oral (RR = 2.9, P < 0.001) and esophageal (RR = 5.3, P < 0.001) cancers. Limited-type chronic GVHD was an independent risk factor for skin cancers (RR = 5.8, P = 0.016). <$O_ST_ABS>Conclusion<$C_ST_ABS>Recipients of allogeneic HSCT had a significantly higher 2-fold risk of developing secondary solid cancers than the general population. Lifelong screening for high-risk organ sites, especially oral or esophageal cancers, is important for recipients with active, or a ...

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    دورية أكاديمية