المؤلفون: Georgiev, Emil¹ (AUTHOR) e_georgiev@phls.uni-sofia.bg, Georgiev, Svetoslav² (AUTHOR) svetoslav.georgiev@xjtlu.edu.cn

المصدر: Benchmarking: An International Journal. 2024, Vol. 31 Issue 5, p1402-1425. 24p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *STANDARDS, *STANDARDIZATION, ISO 9001 Standard, ISO 9000 Series Standards, NATIONAL character

مصطلحات جغرافية: BULGARIA

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: Purpose: The authors extend the literature on decoupling by analyzing the microlevel effects of institutionalized practices within the framework of international standards. This study investigates the specific informal management practices that decision-makers embrace in order for organizations to achieve ISO 9001 certification without all regulations being adopted and followed according to the standard's original design and purpose. Design/methodology/approach: As the basis for its research framework, this paper adopts the neo-institutional theory. The research employs the comparative case study method and draws its data from a sample of 21 ISO 9001:2008 certified organizations in Bulgaria. Findings: The results show ambivalent behavior toward the ISO 9001 standard's formal requirements. This behavior is expressed through targeted noncompliance with (certain) regulations and procedures regarding top management commitment, as well as documented information which are formally adopted within the organization and certified as complying with the standard. Research limitations/implications: The study has implications for future research into decoupling, organizational learning, and standardization. In terms of limitations, the authors examined the process of decoupling from a micro perspective in Bulgaria only. Noncompliance with international standards such as the ISO 9000 may exhibit specific regional or national characteristics. Practical implications: Findings from this research encourage the International Standards Organization to respond to previous calls for revising the formal structure of ISO 9000 and other international management standards by considering a more flexible and liberal point of view. Originality/value: As opposed to previous studies which have explored decoupling from a macro perspective, this study focuses on how the internal constraints imposed by the standard's universal requirements are being mitigated at a micro level. That is, the authors provide a detailed account of the specific informal management practices which managers (deliberately) adopt in order to achieve certification without fully integrating the formal criteria imposed by international standards (e.g. ISO 9001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Benchmarking: An International Journal is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Theresia, Linda¹ (AUTHOR) tarlind@yahoo.com, Herlambang, Mega Bagus¹ (AUTHOR), Sudri, Ni Made¹ (AUTHOR), Ranti, Gadih¹ (AUTHOR) gadih63@gmail.com, Febrianti, Firdha¹ (AUTHOR), Widianty, Yenny² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: AIP Conference Proceedings. 2024, Vol. 3116 Issue 1, p1-8. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *USER interfaces, *COVID-19 pandemic, *SATISFACTION, *INTERNATIONAL organization, *ACQUISITION of data

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Institut Teknologi Indonesia (ITI) also employed an e-learning model through the siAkadCloud application. Along the way, problems were encountered when using siAkadCloud, especially by novice users, as no research had been conducted to determine the level of usability of siAkadCloud. This research aims to enhance the usability of siAkadCloud, a specific application utilized by ITI. The research framework is based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and consists of attributes of effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. The attributes of effectiveness and efficiency are related to the ergonomic display concept. The application's effectiveness and efficiency were measured through Usability Testing. Data collection was conducted using three methods: task tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The research sample comprised two groups of users, namely five skilled users and five novice users. The research took place from April to July 2022. Measuring user satisfaction through the USE Questionnaire yielded the following results (using a Likert scale of 1-5): usefulness (4.16), ease of use (3.82), ease of learning (4.05), and satisfaction (3.41). The average usability value for siAkadCloud was 55.6%, categorized as 'sufficient.' Proposed improvements for siAkadCloud include adding several features, such as a search field, a help button, and the ability to download and print study plans and transcripts. Interface display improvements were made by using a white background and blue and black fonts, enhancing color contrast. These features and display enhancements increased the usability value of the siAkadCloud application to 76.76%, categorized as 'user-friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Margaret, Irene¹ (AUTHOR) irene.margaret@liverpool.ac.uk, Schoubben, Frederiek² (AUTHOR), Verwaal, Ernst³ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Global Strategy Journal. Feb2024, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p25-55. 31p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises, *INVESTORS, *ENVIRONMENTAL management, *ENVIRONMENTAL regulations, *PORTFOLIO diversification, PARIS Agreement (2016)

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: Research Summary: Despite the prominence of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 certification as a global strategy instrument, there is persistent doubt about its effectiveness as a value‐generating tool, especially for multinational corporations (MNCs). This study draws on institutional theory to explain the varying market valuations of international environmental management certification following a strongly binding multilateral environmental agreement. We submit that ISO 14001 certification increases the market value of MNCs more strongly following the institutional pressures exerted by the strongly binding Paris Agreement. This effect varies due to institutional country‐of‐origin effects and exposure to host countries with stringent environmental regulations. We provide empirical support using a difference‐in‐differences analysis of 3193 MNCs from 60 countries with pledged commitments to emission reductions in the Paris Agreement. Managerial Summary: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 has been recognized as pivotal for achieving sustainable development goals. Nevertheless, managers continue to seek financial justifications for adopting this prominent global standard. Our study shows that ISO 14001 increases the market value of multinational corporations (MNCs) more strongly following the binding Paris Agreement, as the global standard reassures investors about corporate alignment with global climate goals. Although the financial impact of ISO 14001 appears to be greater for MNCs from emerging economies, owing to the lower expectations associated with institutional quality in emerging economies, investors correct the (economic) evaluation of ISO‐certified MNCs according to their exposure to host countries with stringent environmental regulations. These findings inform managers of the importance of aligning corporate sustainability with geographical diversification strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Global Strategy Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Yang, Ming^1,2 (AUTHOR), Yi, Jun^1,2 (AUTHOR), Wei, Cong³ (AUTHOR), Lu, Yuepeng^1,2 (AUTHOR), Yang, Yong^1,2 (AUTHOR), Yang, Zong⁴ (AUTHOR), Zhao, Liuqing⁴ (AUTHOR), Jiang, Xiaoming^1,2 (AUTHOR), Tu, Fengqin^1,2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Dan^1,2 (AUTHOR) 361174557@qq.com

المصدر: Analytical Letters. 2024, Vol. 57 Issue 11, p1704-1714. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *EPIDERMAL growth factor, *LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry, *TANDEM mass spectrometry, *HIGH performance liquid chromatography, *SOLID phase extraction, *COSMETICS, *MASS transfer coefficients

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: A method for determining human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in cosmetics was developed using solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted and purified by a mixed anionic solid-phase extraction column (MAX), and the eluent was passed through a nylon filter membrane into a polypropylene vial. The matrix-matched external standard method was used to quantify the analyte in multi-reaction monitoring mode. The analyte had an excellent peak shape within 11 min with a linear range from 5 to 80 ng/mL and a linear correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9995. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.75 and 2.5 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery of the target was from 81.5% to 88.8%, and the relative standard deviation was between 1.16% and 5.07%. The results met the International Organization for Standardization 12787 standard. The established method was successfully applied to 30 cosmetic samples. The proposed method is sensitive, accurate, reliable, and suitable for the quantitative confirmation of hEGF and monitoring its illegal addition to cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Greg Miller, W.¹ (AUTHOR) greg.miller@vcuhealth.org

المصدر: Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine. Jul2024, Vol. 62 Issue 8, p1462-1469. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *STANDARDS, *CLINICAL pathology, *PATHOLOGICAL laboratories, *INTERNAL auditing, *MEDICAL equipment, *CLINICAL medicine, *QUALITY control

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: The goal of metrological traceability is to have equivalent results for a measurand in clinical samples (CSs) irrespective of the in-vitro diagnostic medical device (IVD-MD) used for measurements. The International Standards Organization standard 17511 defines requirements for establishing metrological traceability of values assigned to calibrators, trueness control materials and human samples used with IVD-MDs. Each step in metrological traceability has an uncertainty associated with the value assigned to a material. The uncertainty at each step adds to the uncertainty from preceding steps such that the combined uncertainty gets larger at each step. The combined uncertainty for a CS result must fulfil an analytical performance specification (APS) for the maximum allowable uncertainty (umaxCS). The umaxCS can be partitioned among the steps in a metrological traceability calibration hierarachy to derive the APS for maximum allowable uncertainty at each step. Similarly, the criterion for maximum acceptable noncommutability bias can be derived from the umaxCS. One of the challenges in determining if umaxCS is fulfilled is determining the repeatability uncertainty (uRw) from operating an IVD-MD within a clinical laboratory. Most of the current recommendations for estimating uRw from internal quality control data do not use a sufficiently representative time interval to capture all relevant sources of variability in measurement results. Consequently, underestimation of uRw is common and may compromise assessment of how well current IVD-MDs and their supporting calibration hierarchies meet the needs of clinical care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Lichter, Katie E¹ (AUTHOR) katie.lichter@ucsf.edu, Charbonneau, Kiley² (AUTHOR), Lewy, Jacqueline R³ (AUTHOR), Bloom, Julie R⁴ (AUTHOR), Shenker, Rachel⁵ (AUTHOR), Sabbagh, Ali¹ (AUTHOR), Chino, Junzo⁵ (AUTHOR), Rodrigues, Anna⁵ (AUTHOR), Hearn, Jason⁶ (AUTHOR), Grover, Surbhi⁷ (AUTHOR), Sheu, Ren-Dih⁴ (AUTHOR), Witztum, Alon¹ (AUTHOR), Qureshi, Muhammad Mustafa⁸ (AUTHOR), Yom, Sue S¹ (AUTHOR), Anand, Chirjiv¹ (AUTHOR), Thiel, Cassandra L⁹ (AUTHOR), Mohamad, Osama¹⁰ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Lancet Oncology. Jun2024, Vol. 25 Issue 6, p790-801. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GREENHOUSE gases, *ENERGY consumption of buildings, *SUSTAINABILITY, *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, *BLADDER cancer, *EXTERNAL beam radiotherapy, *ONCOLOGY nursing

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: The health-care industry is a substantial contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet the specific environmental impact of radiotherapy, a cornerstone of cancer treatment, remains under-explored. We aimed to quantify the emissions associated with the delivery of radiotherapy in the USA and propose a framework for reducing the environmental impact of oncology care. In this multi-institutional retrospective analysis and simulation study, we conducted a lifecycle assessment of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for ten anatomical disease sites, adhering to the International Organization for Standardization's standards ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. We analysed retrospective data from Jan 1, 2017, to Oct 1, 2023, encompassing patient and staff travel, medical supplies, and equipment and building energy use associated with the use of EBRT at four academic institutions in the USA. The primary objective was to measure the environmental impacts across ten categories: greenhouse gases (expressed as kg of carbon dioxide equivalents [CO 2 e]), ozone depletion, smog formation, acidification, eutrophication, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic potential, respiratory effects, fossil fuel depletion, and ecotoxicity. Human health effects secondary to these environmental impacts were also estimated as disability-adjusted life years. We also assessed the potential benefits of hypofractionated regimens for breast and genitourinary (ie, prostate and bladder) cancers on US greenhouse gas emissions using an analytic model based on the 2014 US National Cancer Database for fractionation patterns and patient commute distances. We estimated that the mean greenhouse gas emissions associated with a standard 25-fraction EBRT course were 4310 kg CO 2 e (SD 2910), which corresponded to 0·0035 disability-adjusted life years per treatment course. Transit and building energy usage accounted for 25·73% (1110 kg CO 2 e) and 73·95% of (3190 kg CO 2 e) of total greenhouse gas emissions, respectively, whereas supplies contributed only 0·32% (14 kg CO 2 e). Across the other environmental impact categories, most of the environmental impact also stemmed from patient transit and energy use within facilities, with little environmental impact contributed by supplies used. Hypofractionated treatment simulations suggested a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions—by up to 42% for breast and 77% for genitourinary cancer—and environmental impacts more broadly. This comprehensive lifecycle assessment of EBRT delineates the environmental and secondary health impacts of radiotherapy, and underscores the urgent need for sustainable practices in oncology. The findings serve as a reference for future decarbonisation efforts in cancer care and show the potential environmental benefits of modifying treatment protocols (when clinical equipoise exists). They also highlight strategic opportunities to mitigate the ecological footprint in an era of escalating climate change and increasing cancer prevalence. Mount Zion Health Fund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Getie, Adane Mehari¹ (AUTHOR) adsmehari@yahoo.com, Birhanu, Tadesse Amsalu¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Survey Review. May2024, Vol. 56 Issue 396, p228-248. 21p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CONCEPTUAL models, *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, *CONCEPTUAL design, *STANDARDS, *INTERNATIONAL organization

مصطلحات جغرافية: ETHIOPIA

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: The Land Administration and Use Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture in Ethiopia designed a National Rural Land Administration Information System (NRLAIS). Its purpose was to align with the development of international standards in the land administration domain, specifically the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), and to ensure the security of cadastral data. The findings revealed the necessity of designing the conceptual model and comparing NRLAIS classes with the LADM basic classes accepted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 19152). Though the comparison showed compatibility between the two, some differences are observed in classes and attributes between the LADM and the NRLAIS. Gaps were identified on recording types of rights, restrictions, responsibilities and land legislation gaps. This study highlights the importance of adopting the LADM to restructure the NRLAIS conceptual model and reconsider the missing components to enhance the conceptual model and management of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Horry, Rosemary E¹ (AUTHOR), Booth, Colin A² (AUTHOR), Mahamadu, Abdul-Majeed³ (AUTHOR), Ball, Sophie⁴ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering Sustainability. Apr2024, Vol. 177 Issue 2, p57-67. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *ENVIRONMENTAL management, *SUSTAINABLE communities, *REGULATORY compliance, *CORPORATE image, *ENGINEERING

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: There is a need within society to manage its impacts on the environment. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO 14001 tool, based on the original BS 7750 standard, was created in 1996 and subsequently updated in 2004 and 2015; it has become the most prevalent type of environmental management system (EMS) adopted worldwide. Engineering and construction organisations wanting to implement ISO 14001 should be fully acquainted with the advantages and disadvantages of adopting an EMS. Using the Scopus academic database, this study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses method to identify and select publications (since 1999) for systematic review. Examination of the chosen articles (n = 46) revealed a limited number of works per annum, with a peak in 2011 (n = 6). The most frequently reported benefits are 'enrichment of green corporate and public image', 'improved environmental performance' and 'regulation compliance', while the barriers are 'costs', 'lack of experience, expertise or knowledge' and 'lack of training'. Further analysis, using the VOSviewer software, shows the network relationships between article keywords, notably that sustainability is increasingly listed (since 2011) and links with most other keywords. This suggests that the engineering and construction sectors may be seeing beyond the cost barrier and are realising the positive difference that ISO 14001 can contribute to their operations, their local/national communities and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Zhang, Jing^1,2 (AUTHOR), Suo, Moran^1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jinzuo^1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Xin^1,2 (AUTHOR), Huang, Huagui^1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Kaizhong^1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Xiangyan^1,2 (AUTHOR), Sun, Tianze^1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Zhonghai^1,2,3,4 (AUTHOR) lizhonghaispine@126.com, Liu, Jing^3,4 (AUTHOR) liujing@dmu.edu.cn

المصدر: Clinical & Translational Medicine. Apr2024, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p1-20. 20p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *LITERATURE reviews, *INTERNATIONAL organization, *CLINICAL medicine, *INTERNATIONAL agencies, *STEM cells

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: Background: Stem cell‐based therapy (SCT) is an important component of regenerative therapy that brings hope to many patients. After decades of development, SCT has made significant progress in the research of various diseases, and the market size has also expanded significantly. The transition of SCT from small‐scale, customized experiments to routine clinical practice requires the assistance of standards. Many countries and international organizations around the world have developed corresponding SCT standards, which have effectively promoted the further development of the SCT industry. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review to introduce the clinical application progress of SCT and focus on the development status of SCT standardization. Results: We first briefly introduced the types and characteristics of stem cells, and summarized the current clinical application and market development of SCT. Subsequently, we focused on the development status of SCT‐related standards as of now from three levels: the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), important international organizations, and national organizations. Finally, we provided perspectives and conclusions on the significance and challenges of SCT standardization. Conclusions: Standardization plays an important role in the sustained, rapid and healthy development of SCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Sunavala-Dossabhoy, Gulshan¹ (AUTHOR) gulshan.sunavala@lsuhs.edu, Saba, Brent M.² (AUTHOR) smpesllc@charter.net, McCarthy, Kevin J.³ (AUTHOR) kevin.mccarthy@lsuhs.edu

المصدر: Bioengineering (Basel). Apr2024, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p393. 19p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TOTAL hip replacement, *HIP joint, *MODULUS of elasticity, *FINITE element method, *BONE density

الشركة/الكيان: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization

مستخلص: In current-generation designs of total primary hip joint replacement, the prostheses are fabricated from alloys. The modulus of elasticity of the alloy is substantially higher than that of the surrounding bone. This discrepancy plays a role in a phenomenon known as stress shielding, in which the bone bears a reduced proportion of the applied load. Stress shielding has been implicated in aseptic loosening of the implant which, in turn, results in reduction in the in vivo life of the implant. Rigid implants shield surrounding bone from mechanical loading, and the reduction in skeletal stress necessary to maintain bone mass and density results in accelerated bone loss, the forerunner to implant loosening. Femoral stems of various geometries and surface modifications, materials and material distributions, and porous structures have been investigated to achieve mechanical properties of stems closer to those of bone to mitigate stress shielding. For improved load transfer from implant to femur, the proposed study investigated a strategic debulking effort to impart controlled flexibility while retaining sufficient strength and endurance properties. Using an iterative design process, debulked configurations based on an internal skeletal truss framework were evaluated using finite element analysis. The implant models analyzed were solid; hollow, with a proximal hollowed stem; FB-2A, with thin, curved trusses extending from the central spine; and FB-3B and FB-3C, with thick, flat trusses extending from the central spine in a balanced-truss and a hemi-truss configuration, respectively. As outlined in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7206 standards, implants were offset in natural femur for evaluation of load distribution or potted in testing cylinders for fatigue testing. The commonality across all debulked designs was the minimization of proximal stress shielding compared to conventional solid implants. Stem topography can influence performance, and the truss implants with or without the calcar collar were evaluated. Load sharing was equally effective irrespective of the collar; however, the collar was critical to reducing the stresses in the implant. Whether bonded directly to bone or cemented in the femur, the truss stem was effective at limiting stress shielding. However, a localized increase in maximum principal stress at the proximal lateral junction could adversely affect cement integrity. The controlled accommodation of deformation of the implant wall contributes to the load sharing capability of the truss implant, and for a superior biomechanical performance, the collared stem should be implanted in interference fit. Considering the results of all implant designs, the truss implant model FB-3C was the best model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]