المؤلفون: Patel, K. M., Withington, S., Shard, A. G., Goldie, D. J., Thomas, C. N.

المصدر: Journal of Applied Physics; 6/14/2024, Vol. 135 Issue 22, p1-9, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ELECTRON detection, ELECTRON optics, INTEGRATED optics, ELECTRON beams, ENERGY bands, DETECTORS

مستخلص: Transition-edge sensors (TESs) have the potential to perform electron spectroscopic measurements with far greater measurement rates and efficiencies than can be achieved using existing electron spectrometers. Existing spectrometers filter electrons by energy before detecting a narrow energy band at a time, discarding the vast majority of electrons available for measurement. In contrast, TESs have intrinsic energy sensitivity and so do not require prior filtering to perform energy-resolved measurements. Despite this fundamental advantage, TES electron spectroscopy has not, to our knowledge, previously been reported in the literature. We present the results of a set of proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating TES electron spectroscopy experiments using Mo/Au TESs repurposed for electron calorimetry. Using these detectors, we successfully measured the electron spectrum generated by an electron beam striking a graphite target with energies between 750 and 2000 eV, at a noise-limited energy resolution of 4 eV. Based on the findings of these experiments, we suggest improvements that could be made to TES design to enhance their electron detection capabilities through the use of a dedicated electron absorber in the device with integrated electron optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Hazra, Snigdha¹ (AUTHOR) snigdhahazra29@gmail.com, Mukhopadhyay, Sourangshu¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Optical & Quantum Electronics. May2024, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1-22. 22p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PHOTONIC crystals, *INTEGRATED optics, *OMNIRANGE system, *FINITE difference time domain method, *OPTICAL interference

مستخلص: In this paper, the implementation of an integrated system of half adder and half subtractor based on 2D Si-air photonic crystal is proposed. The structure includes two input ports, one control port, and two output ports. When light is absent in the control port, the structure operates as a half adder and when light is present in the control port, it functions as a half subtractor. The operation of the structure is based on the phenomenon of constructive and destructive interference of light waves. The novelty of the proposed structure is that using a single control signal, both half adder and half subtractor operations can be realized. Since no nonlinear material has been used to design the structure, the power consumption of the structure is very low. Another advantage of the structure is that same materials have been used for all the rods which makes the fabrication process easier. The structure has been simulated by utilizing PWE and FDTD methods. Different performance parameters such as contrast ratio, rise time, delay time, fall time, response time, and bit rate for the designed structure have been obtained as 14.78 dB, 0.25 ps, 0.3 ps, 0.11 ps, 0.44 ps, and 2.27 Tb/s respectively. Due to its high contrast ratio, fast response time, high bit rate, and smaller dimension, the designed structure can be a promising candidate for realizing high speed optical integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Naumov, A. S.¹ (AUTHOR), Sigaev, V. N.¹ (AUTHOR) sigaev.v.n@muctr.ru

المصدر: Glass & Ceramics. Mar2024, Vol. 80 Issue 11/12, p491-499. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GLASS-ceramics, *INTEGRATED optics, *TRANSPARENT ceramics, *THERMAL expansion, *PHOTONICS

مستخلص: Methods of laser micro- and nano-modification of the structure of transparent dielectrics offer much for the creation of a new type of glass-crystalline materials and new applications. In the present work, after a brief excursion into the history of glass-ceramics, transparent aluminosilicate sitalls [glass-ceramics] are discussed, mainly for the example of the Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 system, and the areas of their new applications. The recently discovered possibilities of laser micro-modification of the structure of sitalls and the writing of elements of photonics and integrated optics in their interior volume are considered. Special attention is given to transparent glass-ceramics with thermal expansion coefficient close to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Carlotto, Alice¹ (AUTHOR) acarlotto@fbk.eu, Tran, Thi Ngoc Lam^1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Babiarczuk, Bartosz⁴ (AUTHOR), Bazzanella, Nicola⁵ (AUTHOR), Szczurek, Anna⁴ (AUTHOR), Varas, Stefano¹ (AUTHOR), Krzak, Justyna⁴ (AUTHOR), Bursi, Oreste S.^1,6 (AUTHOR), Zonta, Daniele^1,6 (AUTHOR), Łukowiak, Anna⁷ (AUTHOR), Righini, Giancarlo C.⁸ (AUTHOR), Ferrari, Maurizio¹ (AUTHOR), Pietralunga, Silvia M.⁹ (AUTHOR), Chiasera, Alessandro¹ (AUTHOR) chiasera@fbk.eu

المصدر: Ceramics International. Dec2023:Part B, Vol. 49 Issue 24, p41217-41221. 5p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *OPTICAL amplifiers, *INTEGRATED optics, *ATTENUATION coefficients, *PASSIVE components, *RADIO frequency, *WAVEGUIDES, *PLANAR waveguides

مستخلص: Thin films have a crucial role in integrated optics. The development of passive and active devices such as splitters, waveguides, multiplexers and optical amplifiers is by now established on rigid substrates. Therefore, an important further step to improve this kind of technologies and open the route to new applications is to extend these functionalities to mechanically flexible devices. One fundamental brick to obtain this features extension is the fabrication of low loss inorganic active planar waveguides on flexible glass substrate. Here, we present the preliminary results of a novel top-down fabrication of an active SiO 2 –HfO 2 :Er3+ all-glass flexible planar waveguide, via radio frequency sputtering. The waveguiding system, deposited on ultrathin flexible glass substrate, showed an attenuation coefficient lower than 0.2 dB/cm at 1.53 μm and exhibits emission in the NIR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Hossain, Manjur¹ (AUTHOR), Mondal, Kalimuddin² (AUTHOR), Kumar, Dhiraj¹ (AUTHOR), Rakshit, Jayanta Kumar¹ (AUTHOR) rakshitjk@rediffmail.com, Mandal, Surajit³ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Optical & Quantum Electronics. Nov2023, Vol. 55 Issue 12, p1-21. 21p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *INTEGRATED optics, *OPTICAL switches, *RESONATORS, *EXPERIMENTAL design, *OPTICAL resonators, *OPTICAL switching, *SILICON

مستخلص: Higher decimal numbers can be handled more efficiently using binary-coded decimal (BCD) numbers than conventional binary numbers. In this study, we propose 4-bit full adder as well as 4-bit BCD adder using two 4-bit full adders (FAs). Waveguide-based silicon microring resonator all-optical switch is utilized to design the proposed circuits. The complexity of both the designs is very less as the required components is exceptionally reduced as compared to existing reports. The all-optical microring resonator is intriguing due to its ability to achieve ultra-high speeds, consume extremely little energy, and be very small in size which is necessary for optical integrated circuits. The data rate of the proposed design is nearly 260 Gbps. The required pump power for switching is only 1.86 mW for microring resonator based switch which is very less comparatively. The design of 4-bit FA and 4-bit BCD adder are envisaged in MATLAB simulation platform. Figure of merits of the proposed circuits is achieved numerically through simulation which is used to characterize the performance of the proposed designs. The obtained values of extinction ratio and contrast ratio are much higher for the proposed design and the values are 30.01 dB and 31.02 dB, respectively. The value of AM is 0.27 dB which is less than 1 dB. The on–off ratio of the MRR is 36.8 dB which is much higher than expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Prabha, K. R.¹, Robinson, S.¹ mail2robinson@gmail.com

المصدر: Journal of Ovonic Research. Nov/Dec2023, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p727-737. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *INTEGRATED optics, *SWITCHING circuits, *PLANE wavefronts, *FINITE differences, *POINT defects, *PLANAR waveguides, *PHOTONIC crystals, *PHOTONIC band gap structures

مستخلص: An all-optical NOR gate is implemented using a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. The paper provides a structure of an all-optical NOR gate constructed by introducing a line and point defect. The proposed NOR gate uses a hexagonal lattice structure with E shaped waveguide. The contrast ratio, response time and bit rate of three input NOR gate are 29.59 dB, 0.8 ps and 1.19 Tbps, respectively. The proposed gate is constructed with the operating wavelength of 1550 nm. The structure has been simulated and analyzed using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) methods. It offers high contrast ratio, better response time with ultra-compact size. Hence it is suitable for high speed optical integrated circuits and switching devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Hazra, Snigdha¹ (AUTHOR) snigdhahazra29@gmail.com, Mukhopadhyay, Sourangshu¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Optical & Quantum Electronics. Nov2023, Vol. 55 Issue 11, p1-12. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PHOTONIC crystals, *INTEGRATED optics, *QUANTUM computing, *PHOTONIC band gap structures, *LOGIC circuits, *OPTICAL devices

مستخلص: Quantum Controlled NOT (CNOT) gate is a well known logic gate in the world of quantum computing and data processing from application point of view. Recently, photonic crystal based logic gates have attracted increasing attention from researchers due to their compact size, low power requirement, high speed, simplified design, better confinement and ability for integration in optical network. In this paper, we have designed and simulated all-optical CNOT gate based on two-dimensional photonic crystal composed of hexagonal lattice of silicon (Si) rods arranged in air background. The operation of the proposed structure is based on the phenomenon of interference of light waves. Finite difference time domain and plane wave expansion methods have been used to simulate the proposed structure. We have found the contrast ratios at the output ports are 16.66 dB and 16.02 dB respectively. The response time of the proposed structure is 0.612 ps and can operate at a bit rate of 1.63 Tbps. The proposed structure offers fast response time and high contrast ratios that ensure efficient performance and make it suitable for high speed optical integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Feng, Yu-xin¹ (AUTHOR), Wu, Jin-lei¹ (AUTHOR), Ren, Bin¹ (AUTHOR), Han, Jin-xuan¹ (AUTHOR), Tang, Shuai¹ (AUTHOR), Song, Jie¹ (AUTHOR), Jiang, Yong-yuan^1,2,3,4 (AUTHOR) jiangyy@hit.edu.cn

المصدر: Journal of Optics. 10/1/2023, Vol. 25 Issue 10, p1-8. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *INTEGRATED optics, *OPTICAL devices, *WAVEGUIDES

مستخلص: Versatile optical devices with smaller space footprint are crucial for integrated optics. In this work, we design a dual-waveguide power splitter with adjustable splitting ratio depending on the input ports. The modulated gain and loss are imposed on two waveguides to nullify the non-adiabatic coupling using non-Hermitian shortcut to adiabaticity technique. Simulation results reveal that the length of the power splitter can be shortened to about one ninth compared to the one along the adiabatic path, meanwhile, the proposed splitter has good robustness against possible fabrication errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Gao, Hongwei¹ (AUTHOR), An, Jin¹ (AUTHOR), Chua, Chee Kai¹ (AUTHOR), Bourell, David² (AUTHOR), Kuo, Che-Nan^1,3 (AUTHOR) cnkuo@mail.nsysu.edu.tw, Tan, Dawn T.H.^1,4 (AUTHOR) dawn_tan@sutd.edu.sg

المصدر: Materials Today. Oct2023, Vol. 69, p107-132. 26p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *OPTICS, *INTEGRATED optics, *THREE-dimensional printing, *PRINTMAKING, *PHOTONICS, *RESEARCH personnel

مستخلص: [Display omitted] Interest in 3D (3- dimensional) printed optics and photonics by both industry and academic researchers is burgeoning, due to the unique features availed by 3D printing not achievable by traditional manufacturing techniques. 3D printing offers tremendous opportunities for developing new integrated systems in optics and photonics. Although a variety of manufacturing approaches have been developed, no single method can satisfy the requirement of small features, low roughness, and high speed simultaneously, thus opening up vast opportunities for innovations in 3D printed photonics. Besides the availability of state-of-the-art 3D printing technology, printable materials for the fabrication of 3D printed optics and photonics devices are also crucial. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the latest developments in 3D printing techniques, as well as developments in innovative practical technologies used for optics and photonics. In addition, we cover the latest progress in the materials used for 3D printed optics and photonics and future prospects in applications of 3D printed optics and photonics. The purpose of this review is to discuss technological and material advances, and potential future opportunities in the field of 3D printed optics and photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Butt, Muhammad A.¹ (AUTHOR) ali.butt@pw.edu.pl

المصدر: Encyclopedia. Sep2023, Vol. 3 Issue 3, p824-838. 15p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *INTEGRATED optics, *OPTICAL interconnects, *INTEGRATED circuits, *ELECTRONIC circuits, *OPTICAL devices, *OPTICAL information processing, *ELECTRON beam lithography, *NANOIMPRINT lithography

مستخلص: Definition: Integrated optics is a field of study and technology that focuses on the design, fabrication, and application of optical devices and systems using integrated circuit technology. It involves the integration of various optical components, such as waveguides, couplers, modulators, detectors, and lasers, into a single substrate. One of the key advantages of integrated optics is its compatibility with electronic integrated circuits. This compatibility enables seamless integration of optical and electronic functionalities onto the same chip, allowing efficient data transfer between optical and electronic domains. This synergy is crucial for applications such as optical interconnects in high-speed communication systems, optical sensing interfaces, and optoelectronic integrated circuits. This entry presents a brief study on some of the widely used and commercially available optical platforms and fabrication methods that can be used to create photonic integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]