المؤلفون: Yuna Miyajima, Shigehiro Karashima, Ren Mizoguchi, Masaki Kawakami, Kohei Ogura, Kazuhiro Ogai, Aoi Koshida, Yasuo Ikagawa, Yuta Ami, Qiunan Zhu, Hiromasa Tsujiguchi, Akinori Hara, Shin Kurihara, Hiroshi Arakawa, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Ikumi Tamai, Hidetaka Nambo, Shigefumi Okamoto

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a symptom of high blood uric acid (UA) levels, which causes disorders such as gout and renal urinary calculus. Prolonged HUA is often associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) affect these chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between HUA and GM. The microbiome of 224 men and 254 women aged 40 years was analyzed through next-generation sequencing and machine learning. We obtained GM data through 16S rRNA-based sequencing of the fecal samples, finding that alpha-diversity by Shannon index was significantly low in the HUA group. Linear discriminant effect size analysis detected a high abundance of the genera Collinsella and Faecalibacterium in the HUA and non-HUA groups. Based on light gradient boosting machine learning, we propose that HUA can be predicted with high AUC using four clinical characteristics and the relative abundance of nine bacterial genera, including Collinsella and Dorea. In addition, analysis of causal relationships using a direct linear non-Gaussian acyclic model indicated a positive effect of the relative abundance of the genus Collinsella on blood UA levels. Our results suggest abundant Collinsella in the gut can increase blood UA levels.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/e88671e28f774e5a80232319a1f73fe7Test

المؤلفون: Ayano Katsura, Hiroshi Arakawa, Natsuko Ishida, Rikako Imamura, Ryo Matsushita, Satoshi Mizuno, Tsutomu Shimada, Yoshimichi Sai, Yoshitaka Oshima, Yukio Suga

المصدر: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2023, 46(12):1805

المؤلفون: Hiroshi Arakawa, Shuhei Komatsu, Hajime Kamiya, Keiji Nishibeppu, Takuma Ohashi, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Takeshi Kubota, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Eigo Otsuji

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract Although the average life span differs between males and females, little is known about differences in clinical features and short and long-term outcomes between elderly male and female gastric cancer patients. This study was designed to clarify these issues to identify the possibility for sex-based treatment strategies in elderly gastric cancer patients. This study included 295 consecutive elderly gastric cancer patients (75 years or older) who underwent curative gastrectomy between 1997 and 2016. We defined postoperative complications as Clavien–Dindo classification grade II or higher. Comorbidities were present in 67% of all patients. Males tended to have more comorbidities than females (P = 0.077). Male patients had significantly more upper gastric cancers (P = 0.001), a higher incidence of postoperative complications (P = 0.045), and poorer prognoses than females (P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that being male was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications (Odds ratio 2.5, P = 0.045) and a poor prognostic factor (Hazard ratio 1.81, P = 0.008). Patients who underwent limited surgery without postoperative complications tended to have a better prognosis than patients receiving standard surgery with postoperative complications (3-year overall survival: 78% vs. 55%, P = 0.156). Male was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and an independent poor prognostic factor in elderly gastric cancer patients. To avoid postoperative complications, the limited surgery might be justified for high-risk elderly male patients.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8b70a622575e4308baf7e408b54b7cfcTest

المؤلفون: Hiroshi Arakawa, Yuya Nakazono, Natsumi Matsuoka, Momoka Hayashi, Yoshiyuki Shirasaka, Atsushi Hirao, Ikumi Tamai

المصدر: Communications Biology, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Abstract Biliary excretion is a major drug elimination pathway that affects their efficacy and safety. The currently available in vitro sandwich-cultured hepatocyte method is cumbersome because drugs accumulate in the closed bile canalicular lumen formed between hepatocytes and their amounts cannot be mealsured directly. This study proposes a hepatocyte culture model for the rapid evaluation of drug biliary excretion using permeation assays. When hepatocytes are cultured on a permeable support coated with the cell adhesion protein claudins, an open-form bile canalicular lumen is formed at the surface of the permeable support. Upon application to the basolateral (blood) side, drugs appear on the bile canalicular side. The biliary excretion clearance of several drugs, as estimated from the obtained permeabilities, correlates well with the reported in vivo biliary excretion clearance in humans. Thus, the established model is useful for applications in the efficient evaluation of biliary excretion during drug discovery and development.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2399-3642Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/e052caa8d8e64eff9b8cba09051646e6Test

المؤلفون: Aya Kiyohara, Ayumi Kyota, Hiroshi Arakawa, Kiyoko Kanda, Maiko Senuma, Noriko Tsukagoshi, Shun Koike, Tomomi Kobayashi, Yuka Kondo

المصدر: The Kitakanto Medical Journal. 2023, 73(2):135

المؤلفون: Hiroshi Arakawa, Shuhei Komatsu, Hajime Kamiya, Keiji Nishibeppu, Takuma Ohashi, Hirotaka Konishi, Atsushi Shiozaki, Takeshi Kubota, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Eigo Otsuji

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-1 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/51ca6e49dc70489194228b6e684017e3Test

المؤلفون: Hiroshi Arakawa, 荒川 大

المصدر: YAKUGAKU ZASSHI. 2023, 143(2):101

المؤلفون: Michiya Tanimoto, Hiroshi Arakawa, Mauto Sato, Akinori Nagano

المصدر: Sports, Vol 11, Iss 8, p 154 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: bench press, lateral force, electromyography, training experience, concentric and eccentric movement, muscle fatigue, Sports, GV557-1198.995

الوصف: The purpose of this study was to investigate the lateral force and contribution of shoulder horizontal adductor and elbow extensor muscles activity during wide- and narrow-grip bench press (BP) in various conditions, such as resistance-trained/non-trained, concentric/eccentric, and muscle fatigue/non-fatigue. We measured the lateral force on the bar and the electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity of pectoralis major (PM) and triceps brachii (TB) during 10 RM BP with wide grip (81 cm) and narrow grip (40 cm) in seven resistance-trained men and seven non-trained men. The all-reps average of the lateral-to-vertical force ratio both in resistance-trained and non-trained subjects was about 30% outward for the wide grip and about 10% inward for the narrow grip. The EMG contribution ratio PM/TB shows no significant differences between narrow and wide grip in all evaluated conditions except in non-trained subjects’ muscle fatigue eccentric phase. Both resistance-trained and non-trained subjects did not push the bar straight upward, and the EMG PM/TB was almost unchanged by hand width. The direction adjustment of the force on the bar that achieves almost the same muscle activity degree of the shoulder and elbow joints might be optimal BP kinetics.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/11/8/154Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4663Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1cb3e1a55a3d434bb24a38314847861fTest

المؤلفون: Marie Shinohara, Hiroshi Arakawa, Yuuichi Oda, Nobuaki Shiraki, Shinji Sugiura, Takumi Nishiuchi, Taku Satoh, Keita Iino, Sylvia Leo, Yusuke Kato, Karin Araya, Takumi Kawanishi, Tomoki Nakatsuji, Manami Mitsuta, Kosuke Inamura, Tomomi Goto, Kenta Shinha, Wataru Nihei, Kikuo Komori, Masaki Nishikawa, Shoen Kume, Yukio Kato, Toshiyuki Kanamori, Yasuyuki Sakai, Hiroshi Kimura

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract Examining intestine–liver interactions is important for achieving the desired physiological drug absorption and metabolism response in in vitro drug tests. Multi-organ microphysiological systems (MPSs) constitute promising tools for evaluating inter-organ interactions in vitro. For coculture on MPSs, normal cells are challenging to use because they require complex maintenance and careful handling. Herein, we demonstrated the potential of coculturing normal cells on MPSs in the evaluation of intestine–liver interactions. To this end, we cocultured human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal cells and fresh human hepatocytes which were isolated from PXB mice with medium circulation in a pneumatic-pressure-driven MPS with pipette-friendly liquid-handling options. The cytochrome activity, albumin production, and liver-specific gene expressions in human hepatocytes freshly isolated from a PXB mouse were significantly upregulated via coculture with hiPS-intestinal cells. Our normal cell coculture shows the effects of the interactions between the intestine and liver that may occur in vivo. This study is the first to demonstrate the coculturing of hiPS-intestinal cells and fresh human hepatocytes on an MPS for examining pure inter-organ interactions. Normal-cell coculture using the multi-organ MPS could be pursued to explore unknown physiological mechanisms of inter-organ interactions in vitro and investigate the physiological response of new drugs.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f3d6e51115fc431c979b3b6a3eb9921cTest

المؤلفون: Hiroshi Arakawa, Ikumi Tamai, Shiho Nedachi, Yoshiyuki Shirasaka, Yurika Nagao

المصدر: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2022, 45(3):316