المؤلفون: Bennett, Ed, Del Debbio, Luigi, Forzano, Niccolò, Hill, Ryan C., Hong, Deog Ki, Hsiao, Ho, Lee, Jong-Wan, Lin, C. -J. David, Lucini, Biagio, Lupo, Alessandro, Piai, Maurizio, Vadacchino, Davide, Zierler, Fabian

مصطلحات موضوعية: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

الوصف: Spectral densities encode non-perturbative information that enters the calculation of a plethora of physical observables in strongly coupled field theories. Phenomenological applications encompass aspects of standard-model hadronic physics, observable at current colliders, as well as correlation functions characterizing new physics proposals, testable in future experiments. By making use of numerical data produced with lattice gauge theories, we perform a systematic study to demonstrate the effectiveness of recent technological progress in the reconstruction of spectral densities. To this purpose, we write and test new software packages that use energy-smeared spectral densities to analyze the mass spectrum of mesons. We assess the effectiveness of different smearing kernels and optimize the smearing parameters to the characteristics of available lattice ensembles. For concreteness, we analyze the Sp(4) lattice gauge theory with matter transforming in an admixture of fundamental and 2-index antisymmetric representations of the gauge group. We generate new ensembles for this theory, with lattices that have a longer extent in the time direction with respect to the spatial ones. We run our tests on these ensembles, obtaining new results about the spectrum of light mesons and their excitations. We make available our algorithm and software for the extraction of spectral densities, that can be applied to theories with other gauge groups, including the theory of strong interactions (QCD) governing hadronic physics in the standard model.
Comment: 44 pages, 20 figures

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2405.01388Test

المؤلفون: Roy, Mainak, Britto, Jessica John, Hill, Ryan, Onofre, Victor

مصطلحات موضوعية: Quantum Physics

الوصف: In this work, we present simulations of two Open Quantum System models, Collisional and Markovian Reservoir, with noise simulations, the IBM devices ($\textit{ibm_kyoto}$, $\textit{ibm_osaka}$) and the OQC device Lucy. Extending the results of Garc\'ia-P\'erez, et al. [npj Quantum Information 6.1 (2020): 1]. Using the Mitiq toolkit, we apply Zero-Noise extrapolation (ZNE), an error mitigation technique, and analyze their deviation from the theoretical results for the models under study. For both models, by applying ZNE, we were able to reduce the error and overlap it with the theoretical results. All our simulations and experiments were done in the qBraid environment.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.06535Test

المؤلفون: Flynn, Jonathan M., Hill, Ryan C., Jüttner, Andreas, Soni, Amarjit, Tsang, J. Tobias, Witzel, Oliver

المصدر: Phys. Rev. D 107 (2023), 114512

مصطلحات موضوعية: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

الوصف: Semileptonic $B_s \to K \ell \nu$ decays provide an alternative $b$-decay channel to determine the CKM matrix element $|V_{ub}|$, and to obtain a $R$-ratio to investigate lepton-flavor-universality violations. Results for the CKM matrix element may also shed light on the discrepancies seen between analyses of inclusive or exclusive decays. We calculate the decay form factors using lattice QCD with domain-wall light quarks and a relativistic $b$-quark. We analyze data at three lattice spacings with unitary pion masses down to $268\,\mathrm{MeV}$. Our numerical results are interpolated/extrapolated to physical quark masses and to the continuum to obtain the vector and scalar form factors $f_+(q^2)$ and $f_0(q^2)$ with full error budgets at $q^2$ values spanning the range accessible in our simulations. We provide a possible explanation of tensions found between results for the form factor from different lattice collaborations. Model- and truncation-independent $z$-parameterization fits following a recently proposed Bayesian-inference approach extend our results to the entire allowed kinematic range. Our results can be combined with experimental measurements of $B_s \to D_s$ and $B_s\to K$ semileptonic decays to determine $|V_{ub}|=3.8(6)\times 10^{-3}$. The error is currently dominated by experiment. We compute differential branching fractions and two types of $R$ ratios, the one commonly used as well as a variant better suited to test lepton-flavor universality.
Comment: Version accepted and published (Phys. Rev. D 107, 114512) 30 pages, 13 Figures, supplementary data file

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11280Test

المؤلفون: Hill, Ryan M., Pardue-Bourgeois, Sarah, Perkins, Kaylee Myichell, Hussain, Zain

المصدر: Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 2023, Vol. 15, Issue 4, pp. 328-337.

الوصول الحر: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/10.1108/JACPR-08-2022-0740Test

المؤلفون: Boyle, Peter A., Chakraborty, Bipasha, Davies, Christine T. H., DeGrand, Thomas, DeTar, Carleton, Del Debbio, Luigi, El-Khadra, Aida X., Erben, Felix, Flynn, Jonathan M., Gámiz, Elvira, Giusti, Davide, Gottlieb, Steven, Hansen, Maxwell T., Heitger, Jochen, Hill, Ryan, Jay, William I., Jüttner, Andreas, Koponen, Jonna, Kronfeld, Andreas, Lehner, Christoph, Lytle, Andrew T., Martinelli, Guido, Meinel, Stefan, Monahan, Christopher J., Neil, Ethan T., Portelli, Antonin, Simone, James N., Simula, Silvano, Sommer, Rainer, Soni, Amarjit, Tsang, J. Tobias, Van de Water, Ruth S., Vaquero, Alejandro, Vittorio, Ludovico, Witzel, Oliver

مصطلحات موضوعية: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

الوصف: Lattice quantum chromodynamics has proven to be an indispensable method to determine nonperturbative strong contributions to weak decay processes. In this white paper for the Snowmass community planning process we highlight achievements and future avenues of research for lattice calculations of weak $b$ and $c$ quark decays, and point out how these calculations will help to address the anomalies currently in the spotlight of the particle physics community. With future increases in computational resources and algorithmic improvements, percent level (and below) lattice determinations will play a central role in constraining the standard model or identifying new physics.
Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021; 19 pages; v2 corrected typo and added references

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15373Test

المؤلفون: Blum, Thomas, Boyle, Peter, Bruno, Mattia, Christ, Norman, Erben, Felix, Feng, Xu, Guelpers, Vera, Hill, Ryan, Hodgson, Raoul, Hoying, Danel, Izubuchi, Taku, Jang, Yong-Chull, Jin, Luchang, Jung, Chulwoo, Karpie, Joe, Kelly, Christopher, Lehner, Christoph, Portelli, Antonin, Sachrajda, Christopher, Soni, Amarjit, Tomii, Masaaki, Wang, Bigeng, Wang, Tianle

مصطلحات موضوعية: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

الوصف: The decays and mixing of $K$ mesons are remarkably sensitive to the weak interactions of quarks and leptons at high energies. They provide important tests of the standard model at both first and second order in the Fermi constant $G_F$ and offer a window into possible new phenomena at energies as high as 1,000 TeV. These possibilities become even more compelling as the growing capabilities of lattice QCD make high-precision standard model predictions possible. Here we discuss and attempt to forecast some of these capabilities.
Comment: submitted to the Rare Processes and Precision, Theory and Computational Frontiers for the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.10998Test

المؤلفون: Flynn, Jonathan, Hill, Ryan, Juettner, Andreas, Soni, Amarjit, Tsang, J. Tobias, Witzel, Oliver

مصطلحات موضوعية: High Energy Physics - Lattice

الوصف: We report on our determinations of $B\to \pi\ell\nu$, $B_s\to K \ell \nu$ and $B_s\to D_s \ell \nu$ semileptonic form factors. In addition we discuss the determination of $R$-ratios testing lepton-flavor universality and suggest an improved ratio. Our calculations are based on the set of 2+1 flavor domain-wall Iwasaki gauge field configurations generated by the RBC/UKQCD collaboration with three lattice spacings of $1/a = 1.78$, $2.38$, and $2.79\,\text{GeV}$. We use the relativistic heavy quark action for $b$ quarks and charm quarks are simulated with the M\"obius domain-wall fermion action.
Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. Lattice 2021 contribution 306 (combines 306 and 501)

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10580Test

المؤلفون: Hill, Ryan Christopher

المساهمون: Juttner, Andreas

الوصف: The Standard Model of particle physics is our current best model of the fundamental mechanics of nature. However, it cannot explain all observed phenomena, and clearly there must be new physics to uncover. At some level of precision, new physics effects must enter standard model predictions, and present themselves as discrepancies between observation and theory. Finding such clues at the precision frontier will provide valuable input on the advancement of our theoretical understanding of nature. We see intriguing tensions between theoretical expectations and collider experiments for semileptonic heavy-light decays. The expected unitarity of the Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix is in tension with a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental evidence at a 3σ level for the first row of the matrix, and a similar 2 − 3σ discrepancy is present between determinations of the |Vub| matrix element from exclusive B → πlν decays and inclusive B → Xulν decays. Investigating CKM matrix elements such as |Vub| requires the theoretical calculation of QCD form factors, which must be calculated non-perturbatively in the low energy regime of QCD, in combination with observations of decay rates from the B-factories and LHCb. Here we present our work on determining the standard model QCD form factors for B → πlν and Bs → Klν using the non-perturbative lattice QCD technique. Our calculations of these quantities are more precise than a previous 2015 determination currently used in theoretical averages, and by updating these results we anticipate a corresponding increase in precision in these averages. In addition, we investigate a modification to standard lepton flavour universality ratios, which we demonstrate to provide more precise predictions. We suggest that these ratios may be used as an additional way to monitor lepton flavour universality.

الوصول الحر: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.856094Test

المؤلفون: Hill, Ryan, Yin, Yian, Stein, Carolyn, Wang, Dashun, Jones, Benjamin F.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer Science - Digital Libraries, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Physics - Physics and Society

الوصف: The ability to confront new questions, opportunities, and challenges is of fundamental importance to human progress and the resilience of human societies, yet the capacity of science to meet new demands remains poorly understood. Here we deploy a new measurement framework to investigate the scientific response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the adaptability of science as a whole. We find that science rapidly shifted to engage COVID-19 following the advent of the virus, with scientists across all fields making large jumps from their prior research streams. However, this adaptive response reveals a pervasive "pivot penalty", where the impact of the new research steeply declines the further the scientists move from their prior work. The pivot penalty is severe amidst COVID-19 research, but it is not unique to COVID-19. Rather it applies nearly universally across the sciences, and has been growing in magnitude over the past five decades. While further features condition pivoting, including a scientist's career stage, prior expertise and impact, collaborative scale, the use of new coauthors, and funding, we find that the pivot penalty persists and remains substantial regardless of these features, suggesting the pivot penalty acts as a fundamental friction that governs science's ability to adapt. The pivot penalty not only holds key implications for the design of the scientific system and human capacity to confront emergent challenges through scientific advance, but may also be relevant to other social and economic systems, where shifting to meet new demands is central to survival and success.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.06476Test

المؤلفون: Messier, Stephen P., Callahan, Leigh F., Losina, Elena, Mihalko, Shannon L., Guermazi, Ali, Ip, Edward, Miller, Gary D., Katz, Jeffrey N., Loeser, Richard F., Pietrosimone, Brian G., Soto, Sandra, Cook, James L., Newman, Jovita J., DeVita, Paul, Spindler, Kurt P., Runhaar, Jos, Armitano-Lago, Cortney, Duong, Vicky, Selzer, Faith, Hill, Ryan, Love, Monica, Beavers, Daniel P., Saldana, Santiago, Stoker, Aaron M., Rice, Paige E., Hunter, David J.

المصدر: Messier , S P , Callahan , L F , Losina , E , Mihalko , S L , Guermazi , A , Ip , E , Miller , G D , Katz , J N , Loeser , R F , Pietrosimone , B G , Soto , S , Cook , J L , Newman , J J , DeVita , P , Spindler , K P , Runhaar , J , Armitano-Lago , C , Duong , V , Selzer , F , Hill , R , Love , M , Beavers , D P , ....

مصطلحات موضوعية: /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being, name=SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being

الوصف: Background: Osteoarthritis (OA), the leading cause of disability among adults, has no cure and is associated with significant comorbidities. The premise of this randomized clinical trial is that, in a population at risk, a 48-month program of dietary weight loss and exercise will result in less incident structural knee OA compared to control. Methods/design: The Osteoarthritis Prevention Study (TOPS) is a Phase III, assessor-blinded, 48-month, parallel 2 arm, multicenter randomized clinical trial designed to reduce the incidence of structural knee OA. The study objective is to assess the effects of a dietary weight loss, exercise, and weight-loss maintenance program in preventing the development of structural knee OA in females at risk for the disease. TOPS will recruit 1230 ambulatory, community dwelling females with obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) and aged ≥50 years with no radiographic (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≤1) and no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of OA in the eligible knee, with no or infrequent knee pain. Incident structural knee OA (defined as tibiofemoral and/or patellofemoral OA on MRI) assessed at 48-months from intervention initiation using the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include knee pain, 6-min walk distance, health-related quality of life, knee joint loading during gait, inflammatory biomarkers, and self-efficacy. Cost effectiveness and budgetary impact analyses will determine the value and affordability of this intervention. Discussion: This study will assess the efficacy and cost effectiveness of a dietary weight loss, exercise, and weight-loss maintenance program designed to reduce incident knee OA. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05946044.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/4f47dedb-a38f-4ef4-8b6f-9146d78ba487Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100418Test
https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/4f47dedb-a38f-4ef4-8b6f-9146d78ba487Test
https://pure.eur.nl/ws/files/124162103/The_osteoarthritis_prevention_study_TOPS_-_A_randomized_controlled_trial_of_diet_and_exercise_to_prevent_Knee_Osteoarthritis.pdfTest
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85179044965&partnerID=8YFLogxKTest