نتائج البحث - "Hilary A. Tindle"

81

Trajectories of Relative Performance with 2 Measures of Global Cognitive Function

المؤلفون: Lorena Garcia, Stephen R. Rapp, Julie C. Weitlauf, Kathleen M. Hayden, Ramon Casanova, Bonnie C. Sachs, Susan M. Resnick, Brad Cannell, Jiu-Chiuan Chen, Mark A. Espeland, Robert B. Wallace, Hilary A. Tindle, Laura D. Baker

المصدر: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 66:1575-1580

مصطلحات موضوعية: Change over time, business.industry, Cognition, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Telephone interview, Cohort, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Internal validity, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Cognitive decline, Risk factor, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Author(s): Espeland, Mark A; Chen, Jiu-Chiuan; Weitlauf, Julie; Hayden, Kathleen M; Rapp, Stephen R; Resnick, Susan M; Garcia, Lorena; Cannell, Brad; Baker, Laura D; Sachs, Bonnie C; Tindle, Hilary A; Wallace, Robert; Casanova, Ramon; Women's Health Initiative Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Group | Abstract: ObjectivesTo examine whether trajectories of global cognitive function over time in studies that change assessment protocols may be modeled based on an individual's performance relative to others in the study cohort.DesignExtended follow-up of a cohort originally enrolled in a clinical trial of postmenopausal hormone therapy.SettingThe Women's Health Initiative Memory Study switched from an in-person interview with the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination to a telephone-based interview with the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status to assess global cognitive function over long-term follow-up.ParticipantsWomen aged 75 to 92 (N=2,561).MeasurementsAnnual cognitive assessments from participants, ranked according to age-, race- and ethnicity-adjusted performance levels, were used to identify distinct trajectories. Participants assigned to the resulting trajectories were compared for selected risk factor profiles.ResultsOur approach grouped participants into five trajectories according to relative cognitive performance over time. These groups differed significantly according to 3 known risk factors for cognitive decline-education level, apolipoprotein E-ϵ4 genotype, and type 2 diabetes mellitus-and a biomarker based on brain structure that has been linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Participants with consistently low relative levels of cognitive function over time and those whose relative performance over time declined to these levels tended to have poorer risk factor profiles.ConclusionLongitudinal measures of an individual's relative performance on different assessment protocols for global cognitive function can be used to identify trajectories of change over time that appear to have internal validity with respect to known risk factors.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::ed2dc9c58fcb6b7b8f8e3de8e1fce490Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15431Test

82

Effectiveness of nicotine gum in preventing lapses in the face of temptation to smoke among non-daily smokers: a secondary analysis

المؤلفون: Saul Shiffman, Donald Hedeker, Sarah M. Scholl, Jason Mao, Stuart G. Ferguson, Hilary A. Tindle

المصدر: Addiction (Abingdon, England)References. 115(11)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Nicotine, Nicotine Chewing Gum, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Ecological Momentary Assessment, 030508 substance abuse, Medicine (miscellaneous), Craving, Placebo, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, media_common, Motivation, Smoking Cessation Agents, business.industry, Smoking, Bayes Theorem, Abstinence, Pennsylvania, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mood, Nicotine gum, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, business, medicine.drug

الوصف: Background and aims: Non-daily smokers (NDS) comprise a large fraction of US smokers. Despite little or no dependence, as typically assessed, intermittent smokers (ITS) have difficulty quitting smoking. A randomized clinical trial comparing the effect of nicotine gum with placebo on quitting smoking in non-daily smokers did not find an effect on overall abstinence. We undertook an analysis to assess whether using nicotine gum versus placebo when tempted to smoke could reduce incidence of lapses in those situations. Design: Within a 6-week randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotine gum, analyses contrasted the outcome of temptation episodes where gum was or was not used. Setting: Smoking cessation research clinic in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Participants: A total of 255 adult ITS (131 nicotine gum, 124 placebo) seeking help for smoking cessation. Intervention: Nicotine gum (2 mg) versus placebo for up to 8 weeks, with as-needed dosing instructions. Measurements: Outcome was lapsing in temptation episodes, as reported by participants via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Propensity scores predicting gum use from situational factors (e.g. mood, social setting, smoking cues) served as a control variable. Findings: Participants reported 2713 temptation episodes, 46.0% (1248) of which resulted in smoking (lapsing). There was a significant gum use × active treatment interaction (P = 0.0009). Using nicotine gum decreased the odds of lapsing by 55% compared with using placebo [odds ratio (OR) = 0.45; 0.22-0.94]; when gum was not used, the assigned gum condition made no significant difference (OR = 1.53; 0.78-3.01; Bayes factor = 0.14). The nicotine effect was not reliably different when participants were trying to achieve abstinence versus when trying to maintain abstinence (OR = 0.44; 0.10, 2.03; P = 0.294; Bayes factor = 0.11), for men and women (OR = 1.68; 0.58, 4.87; P = 0.343; Bayes factor = 0.10), or for participants with some or no dependence (OR = 0.88; 0.30, 2.59; P = 0.811; Bayes factor = 0.06). Conclusions: When used in response to temptation to smoke, 2 mg nicotine gum can help to prevent lapses among non-daily smokers.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::6c235244392c7cf4bd85bab46515f5e8Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32285979Test

83

Association of E-Cigarette Use With Smoking Cessation Among Smokers Who Plan to Quit After a Hospitalization

المؤلفون: Sara Kalkhoran, Esa M. Davis, Hilary A. Tindle, Jennifer H K Kelley, Susan Regan, Daniel E. Singer, Nancy A. Rigotti, Yuchiao Chang, Douglas E. Levy

المصدر: Annals of Internal Medicine. 168:613-620

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Counseling, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Propensity Score, Prospective cohort study, media_common, 030505 public health, business.industry, Absolute risk reduction, Secondary data, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Abstinence, Patient Discharge, Hospitalization, Propensity score matching, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, Observational study, 0305 other medical science, business, Follow-Up Studies

الوصف: Background Many smokers report using e-cigarettes to help them quit smoking, but whether e-cigarettes aid cessation efforts is uncertain. Objective To determine whether e-cigarette use after hospital discharge is associated with subsequent tobacco abstinence among smokers who plan to quit and are advised to use evidence-based treatment. Design Secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01714323 [parent trial]). Setting 3 hospitals. Participants 1357 hospitalized adult cigarette smokers who planned to stop smoking, received tobacco cessation counseling in the hospital, and were randomly assigned at discharge to a tobacco treatment recommendation (control) or free tobacco treatment (intervention). Measurements Self-reported e-cigarette use (exposure) was assessed 1 and 3 months after discharge; biochemically validated tobacco abstinence (outcome) was assessed 6 months after discharge. Results Twenty-eight percent of participants used an e-cigarette within 3 months after discharge. In an analysis of 237 propensity score-matched pairs, e-cigarette users were less likely than nonusers to abstain from tobacco use at 6 months (10.1% vs. 26.6%; risk difference, -16.5% [95% CI, -23.3% to -9.6%]). The association between e-cigarette use and quitting varied between intervention patients, who were given easy access to conventional treatment (7.7% vs. 29.8%; risk difference, -22.1% [CI, -32.3% to -11.9%]), and control patients, who received only treatment recommendations (12.0% vs. 24.1%; risk difference, -12.0% [CI, -21.2% to 2.9%]) (P for interaction = 0.143). Limitations Patients self-selected e-cigarette use. Unmeasured confounding is possible in an observational study. Conclusion During 3 months after hospital discharge, more than a quarter of smokers attempting to quit used e-cigarettes, mostly to aid cessation, but few used them regularly. This pattern of use was associated with less tobacco abstinence at 6 months than among smokers who did not use e-cigarettes. Additional study is needed to determine whether regular use of e-cigarettes aids or hinders smoking cessation. Primary funding source National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::20ce505a2e724a42327c1e32d2a02460Test
https://doi.org/10.7326/m17-2048Test

84

Association of Smoking Cessation With Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

المؤلفون: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Robert A. Greevy, Hilary A. Tindle, Suman Kundu, Meredith S. Duncan, Matthew S. Freiberg

المصدر: JAMA. 322(7)

الوصف: IMPORTANCE: The time course of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk after smoking cessation is unclear. Risk calculators consider former smokers to be at risk for only 5 years. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between years since quitting smoking and incident CVD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from Framingham Heart Study participants without baseline CVD (original cohort: attending their fourth examination in 1954-1958; offspring cohort: attending their first examination in 1971-1975) who were followed up through December 2015. EXPOSURES: Time-updated self-reported smoking status, years since quitting, and cumulative pack-years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incident CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, or cardiovascular death). Primary analyses included both cohorts (pooled) and were restricted to heavy ever smokers (≥20 pack-years). RESULTS: The study population included 8770 individuals (original cohort: n = 3805; offspring cohort: n = 4965) with a mean age of 42.2 (SD, 11.8) years and 45% male. There were 5308 ever smokers with a median 17.2 (interquartile range, 7-30) baseline pack-years, including 2371 heavy ever smokers (406 [17%] former and 1965 [83%] current). Over 26.4 median follow-up years, 2435 first CVD events occurred (original cohort: n = 1612 [n = 665 among heavy smokers]; offspring cohort: n = 823 [n = 430 among heavy smokers]). In the pooled cohort, compared with current smoking, quitting within 5 years was associated with significantly lower rates of incident CVD (incidence rates per 1000 person-years: current smoking, 11.56 [95% CI, 10.30-12.98]; quitting within 5 years, 6.94 [95% CI, 5.61-8.59]; difference, −4.51 [95% CI, −5.90 to −2.77]) and lower risk of incident CVD (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49-0.76). Compared with never smoking, quitting smoking ceased to be significantly associated with greater CVD risk between 10 and 15 years after cessation in the pooled cohort (incidence rates per 1000 person-years: never smoking, 5.09 [95% CI, 4.52-5.74]; quitting within 10 to

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::bfab5325bf3e6c2b6e43320f1b70e74fTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31587210Test

85

Increased Echocardiographic Pulmonary Pressure in HIV-infected and -uninfected Individuals in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study

المؤلفون: Matthew S. Freiberg, Meredith S. Duncan, Amy C. Justice, Courtney E. Zola, Kristina Crothers, Priscilla Y. Hsue, Kaku So-Armah, Olga V. Patterson, Hilary A. Tindle, Joon Kim, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Scott L. DuVall, Alison Morris, Margaret A. Pisani, Evan L. Brittain, Cynthia L. Gibert, Joyce Chang, Cynthia Brandt, Kathleen M. Akgün

المصدر: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 197:923-932

الوصف: Rationale: The epidemiology and prognostic impact of increased pulmonary pressure among HIV-infected individuals in the antiretroviral therapy era is not well described.Objectives: To examine the p...

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::55549ccafdb75a7f77c7d35faf0f4bd7Test
https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201708-1555ocTest

86

Using Bioinformatics to Treat Hospitalized Smokers: Successes and Challenges of a Tobacco Treatment Service

المؤلفون: Esa M. Davis, Vivek Y. Reddy, Hilary A. Tindle, Antoine Douaihy, Beth Frenak, Gerald Cochran, Anna E. Schulze, Kathy Palombo, Kristin Slovenkay, Valerie Kogut, Thomas Ylioja, Richard Ambrosino

المصدر: The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. 43:621-632

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Counseling, Male, Meaningful Use, Leadership and Management, medicine.medical_treatment, Bioinformatics, 01 natural sciences, Tertiary Care Centers, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Program Development, 0101 mathematics, Aged, Service (business), Chronic care, Inpatients, Smoking Cessation Agents, Smokers, Inpatient care, business.industry, Self-Management, 010102 general mathematics, Meaningful use, Age Factors, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Quality Improvement, Confidence interval, Socioeconomic Factors, Chronic Disease, Hospital Information Systems, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, business, Medicaid

الوصف: Background Hospitals face increasing regulations to provide and document inpatient tobacco treatment, yet few blueprint data exist to implement a tobacco treatment service (TTS). Methods A hospitalwide, opt-out TTS with three full-time certified counselors was developed in a large tertiary care hospital to proactively treat smokers according to Chronic Care Model principles and national treatment guidelines. A bioinformatics platform facilitated integration into the electronic health record to meet evolving Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services meaningful use and Joint Commission standards. TTS counselors visited smokers at the bedside and offered counseling, recommended smoking cessation medication to be ordered by the primary clinical service, and arranged for postdischarge resources. Results During a 3.5-year span, 21,229 smokers (31,778 admissions) were identified; TTS specialists reached 37.4% (7,943), and 33.3% (5,888) of daily smokers received a smoking cessation medication order. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of receiving a chart order for smoking cessation medication during the hospital stay and at discharge were higher among patients the TTS counseled > 3 minutes and recommended medication: inpatient AOR = 7.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.59–7.75); discharge AOR = 5.3 (95% CI = 4.71–5.97). As implementation progressed, TTS counseling reach and medication orders increased. To assess smoking status ≤ 1 month postdischarge, three methods were piloted, all of which were limited by low follow-up rates (4.5%–28.6%). Conclusion The TTS counseled approximately 3,000 patients annually, with increases over time for reach and implementation. Remaining challenges include the development of strategies to engage inpatient care teams to follow TTS recommendations, and patients postdischarge in order to optimize postdischarge smoking cessation.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c1e3e947268e7edff4259fb275eac402Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2017.06.010Test

87

Postdischarge Smoking Cessation in Subgroups of Hospitalized Smokers: A Latent Class Analysis

المؤلفون: Thomas Ylioja, Nancy A. Rigotti, Hilary A. Tindle, Gerald Cochran, Yuchiao Chang

المصدر: Substance Abuse. 38:493-497

الوصف: Background Hospitalization presents a window of opportunity to treat smoking, and hospital-initiated smoking treatment has demonstrated effectiveness. Despite effective interventions, not all smokers will discontinue use, highlighting the need to better understand which patients achieve cessation. Traditional regression methods may not capture the complexity of inpatient smoker subgroups. Methods Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted with data from 397 hospitalized adult cigarette smokers enrolled in a randomized trial. Six categorical indicator variables known to impact cessation were selected to estimate subgroups: health conditions (smoking-related disease [SRD], depressive symptoms, positive screen for alcohol problems) and smoking-related variables (time to first cigarette, cigarettes/day, smoking indoors). The probability of achieving biologically verified 7-day tobacco cessation 6 months after discharged was estimated. Results A 3-class model best fit the trial data: a Light Smokers subgroup had lower probability for most indicators; a High Health Burden subgroup had high smoking behavior probabilities and similar health problems to the Light Smokers subgroup; and a Heavy Smoking Drinking Depressed subgroup had high nicotine dependence, depressive symptoms, and alcohol misuse probabilities. Probability of biologically verified cessation conditional on class membership was significantly higher ( P < .001) for the High Health Burden and the Light Smokers subgroups compared with the Heavy Smoking Drinking Depressed subgroup. Conclusion Results suggest that subgroups with lower probabilities of alcohol misuse and depression and higher probability of SRD had higher probability of successful cessation after hospital discharge. Hospitalized patients with nicotine dependence combined with behavioral and mental health problems have additional cessation barriers that may require intervention focus.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0e03ebfb88be8ef727ce9d9ba794167bTest
https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2017.1355870Test

88

Optimism, pessimism, cynical hostility, and biomarkers of metabolic function in the Women's Health Initiative

المؤلفون: Brian Walitt, Eric B. Loucks, Hilary A. Tindle, Candyce H. Kroenke, Nai-Chieh Yuko Yuo, Mace Coday, Michael J. LaMonte, Simin Liu, Lewis H. Kuller, Ana M. Progovac, Nancy Fugate Woods, Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher, Meredith S. Duncan, Matthew S. Freiberg, Steve Rapp

المصدر: Journal of Diabetes. 10:512-523

الوصف: Background Psychological attitudes reflecting expectations about the future (optimism, pessimism) and people (cynical hostility) independently predict incident cardiovascular disease and possibly diabetes, but underlying biologic pathways are incompletely understood. We examined the cross-sectional relationship between optimism, pessimism, and cynicism and biomarkers of metabolic function in the Women's Health Initiative. Methods Among 3443 postmenopausal women, biomarkers of metabolic function (fasting insulin and glucose) were measured at baseline and used to calculate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and pancreatic beta cell activity (HOMA-B). Psychological attitudes were assessed by the Life Orientation Test, Revised (LOT-R, full scale and optimism and pessimism subscales) and the Cook-Medley cynicism subscale. Multivariable linear regression modeled the association of psychological attitudes with biomarker levels, adjusting for sociodemographics, health conditions, and health behaviors. Because obesity promotes insulin resistance, and obese individuals tend to report higher levels of pessimism and cynical hostility, we explored an interaction with BMI. Results In fully-adjusted models, only pessimism remained independently associated with higher fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Scoring one point higher on the pessimism subscale was associated with a 1.2% higher fasting insulin level, while scoring one-standard deviation higher was associated with a 2.7% higher fasting insulin level (p = 0.03); (results similar for HOMA-IR). An interaction term with BMI was not significant. Conclusions In multivariable models, higher dispositional pessimism was associated with worse metabolic function, and these findings were not modified by obesity status. Results extend prior work by linking pessimism to an objective biomarker of insulin resistance in elderly women. HIGHLIGHTS In postmenopausal women, higher levels of pessimism were related to worse metabolic function. For each additional point on the pessimism scale, a woman's fasting insulin level was 1.2% higher, holding other health-related factors constant, while scoring one standard deviation higher was associated with almost 3% higher insulin levels. Future research should address whether interventions to modify pessimistic attitudes could potentially reduce a woman's risk of diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::43fbab87b19b030a71123302314d3995Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12584Test

89

Negative Affect Is Associated With Higher Risk of Incident Cognitive Impairment in Nondepressed Postmenopausal Women

المؤلفون: Mark A. Espeland, Katelyn R. Garcia, Joseph S. Goveas, Hilary A. Tindle, Laura E. Korthauer, Susan M. Resnick, Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher, Stephen R. Rapp, Kaycee M. Sink, Sally A. Shumaker, Leslie Vaughan, Ira Driscoll

المصدر: The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 73:506-512

مصطلحات موضوعية: Aging, medicine.medical_treatment, Affect (psychology), 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Longitudinal Studies, Cognitive decline, Risk factor, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depressive Disorder, business.industry, Incidence, 05 social sciences, Cognition, medicine.disease, United States, Postmenopause, Affect, The Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, Anxiety, Female, Hormone therapy, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Background Positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) reflect subjective emotional experiences. Although related to depression and anxiety, these dimensions are distinct constructs representing affective states and patterns. Prior studies suggest that elevated depressive symptoms are associated with risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia, but whether affective states are associated with cognitive impairment is still unknown. The present study examined relationships between baseline affective states and cognitive impairment (MCI, probable dementia) in nondepressed women. Method Baseline PA and NA were assessed in postmenopausal women (N = 2,137; mean age = 73.8 years) from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA) using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Women were followed annually for an average of 11.3 years; those with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline were excluded. Results Higher NA was associated with a higher risk of MCI and probable dementia, even after adjusting for important covariates including age, education, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors, global cognition, and hormone therapy assignment at baseline. PA was not significantly associated with either outcome. Conclusions We present the first evidence to date that greater NA, even in the absence of elevated depressive symptoms, is associated with higher risk of MCI and dementia. This suggests that NA may be an important, measureable and potentially modifiable risk factor for age-related cognitive decline.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::de213c1f7561178bcda7e41cee255ee9Test
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx175Test

90

Accuracy of self-reported smoking abstinence in clinical trials of hospital-initiated smoking interventions

المؤلفون: Taneisha S. Scheuermann, Nancy A. Rigotti, Kathleen F. Harrington, Hilary A. Tindle, Sharon E. Cummins, Kristopher J. Preacher, Scott E. Sherman, Shu-Hong Zhu, Kimber P. Richter

المصدر: Addiction. 112:2227-2236

الوصف: Aims To estimate the prevalence and predictors of failed biochemical verification of self-reported abstinence among participants enrolled in trials of hospital-initiated smoking cessation interventions. Design Comparison of characteristics between participants who verified and those who failed to verify self-reported abstinence. Settings Multi-site randomized clinical trials conducted between 2010 and 2014 in hospitals throughout the United States. Participants Recently hospitalized smokers who reported tobacco abstinence 6 months post-randomization and provided a saliva sample for verification purposes (n = 822). Measurements Outcomes were salivary cotinine-verified smoking abstinence at 10 and 15 ng/ml cut-points. Predictors and correlates included participant demographics and tobacco use; hospital diagnoses and treatment; and study characteristics collected via surveys and electronic medical records. Findings Usable samples were returned by 69.8% of the 1178 eligible trial participants who reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence. The proportion of participants verified as quit was 57.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.4, 61.2; 10 ng/ml cut-off] or 60.6% (95% CI = 57.2, 63.9; 15 ng/ml). Factors associated independently with verification at 10 ng/ml were education beyond high school education [odds ratio (OR) = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.11], continuous abstinence since hospitalization (OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 2.02, 3.94), mailed versus in-person sample (OR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.96, 5.21) and race. African American participants were less likely to verify abstinence than white participants (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.44, 0.93). Findings were similar for verification at 15 ng/ml. Verification rates did not differ by treatment group. Conclusions In the United States, high rates (40%) of recently hospitalized smokers enrolled in smoking cessation trials fail biochemical verification of their self-reported abstinence.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::0aff87fa20a2dcae7309127c31bf657cTest
https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13913Test

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