المؤلفون: Rattsø, Jørn¹ (AUTHOR), Stokke, Hildegunn E¹ (AUTHOR) hildegunn.e.stokke@ntnu.no

المصدر: Oxford Economic Papers. Jul2024, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p722-740. 19p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GENDER wage gap, *WAGE differentials, *PUBLIC sector, *INCOME inequality, *WAGES, *WAGE increases

مصطلحات جغرافية: NORWAY

مستخلص: Studies of wage inequality concentrate on private wages. Public sector wages are typically assumed to contribute to the overall wage equality. We challenge this understanding in an analysis of the relative skill premium in the public versus private sectors. The analysis of heterogeneity across gender and geography is based on rich register data for Norway. The raw data confirm the relative wage compression in the public sector. However, this is a male phenomenon and only prevalent in large cities when unobserved worker and firm characteristics are taken into account. With identification based on shifters between private and public sectors and movers between city-size groups, wage setting for female workers in the public sector increases wage inequality in all regions, particularly in the periphery. The result is consistent with policies promoting the recruitment of high-educated female workers and the expansion of public services in the periphery counterbalancing the desired equality effect of public wages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Perugini, Cristiano^1,2 (AUTHOR) cristiano.perugini@unipg.it, Pompei, Fabrizio¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Industry & Innovation. Jul2024, Vol. 31 Issue 6, p695-726. 32p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GENDER wage gap, *LABOR incentives, *CAPITAL intensity, *INTANGIBLE property, INCENTIVE (Psychology)

مستخلص: This research focuses on the effects of incentive pay schemes (IPSs) on the within-establishment gender wage gap and explores whether the intensity of intangible capital at the industry level moderates such effects. To this aim, we use establishment-level data from various waves (from 2006 to 2018) of the SES – Structure of Earning Surveys for the five largest European economies (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the UK). Data on intangible capital stocks (on 25 industries) are from the EU-KLEMS database. The analysis, which addresses potential endogeneity issues, indicates that more pervasive use of IPSs alleviates the adjusted gender pay gap. However, this inequality-attenuating effect of IPSs materialises only in contexts where intangible capital intensity is low. The result is confirmed if we replicate the analysis in subsamples of establishments belonging to industries with high/low intensity of various intangible capital components, but training emerges as a notable exception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Doorley, Karina^1,2,3 (AUTHOR) karina.doorley@esri.ie, Keane, Claire^1,3 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Economic Inequality. Jun2024, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p285-309. 25p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GENDER wage gap, *TAX benefits, *INCOME inequality, *INCOME gap, GENDER differences (Sociology), GENDER inequality

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: The gender wage gap and the gender work gap are sizable, persistent and well documented for many countries. The result of the gender wage and gender work gap combined is an income gap between men and women. A small literature has begun to examine how the tax-benefit system contributes to closing gender income gaps by redistributing between men and women. In this paper, we study the effect of tax-benefit policy on gender differences in income in the EU27 countries and the UK. We use microsimulation models linked to survey data to estimate gender gaps in market income (before taxes and transfers) and disposable income (after taxes and transfers) for each country. We then decompose the difference between the gender gap in market income and the gender gap in disposable income into the relative contribution of taxes and benefits in each country. We also isolate the relative contributions of the gender wage gap and the gender work gap to the overall gap in income between men and women in two of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Aragones, Enriqueta^1,2 (AUTHOR) enriqueta.aragones@iae.csic.es

المصدر: Economies. May2024, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p101. 18p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *LABOR market, *GENDER wage gap, *EMPLOYMENT discrimination, *LABOR supply, *FAMILY-work relationship, *UNPAID labor, GENDER inequality

مستخلص: This paper analyzes one of the causes of the current gender-unbalanced situation in the labor market: the discrimination that individuals face at work due to their commitment to unpaid care work. It aims at finding mechanisms that may induce a change from the current unbalanced situation to a world in which males and females are found in more equal shares in all professions and at all levels. I construct a formal model that includes the heterogeneity of individuals regarding their family commitments and I investigate how it affects the individual's optimal labor market participation. The welfare of individuals with commitment to family duties is reduced for two different reasons: for not being able to participate as much in the labor market and thus receive a lower labor income and for not being able to contribute as much to their family commitments. I compare the results for the female and male sections of the society and I illustrate the observed gender gaps in terms of labor market participation, income levels, and the overall utility obtained. I find that even though the gender wage gap may be alleviated with reductions in the cost associated to unpaid care work, the gender utility gap will persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Gordon, Irene M.¹ (AUTHOR) irene_gordon@sfu.ca, Hrazdil, Karel¹ (AUTHOR) karel_hrazdil@sfu.ca, Spector, Stephen¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Administrative Sciences (2076-3387). May2024, Vol. 14 Issue 5, p103. 13p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GENDER wage gap, *BUSINESS schools, *UNIVERSITY faculty, SEX discrimination, COOPERATIVE education

الشركة/الكيان: SIMON Fraser University

مستخلص: We analyzed gender pay gap in academia using detailed performance data of all faculty members at the Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, during 2012–2022. Although we initially observed a small average pay gap in favor of male academics, we found that female academics received higher remuneration compared to their male counterparts, once we controlled for research and teaching productivity, prior education and work experience, ethnicity, and various academic appointments. Our results provide an insight into possible sources of gender bias and highlight the need to control for teaching and research performance when investigating gender pay gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: HUMPHRIES, JOHN ERIC¹ johneric.humphries@yale.edu, SCHRØTER JOENSEN, JUANNA² jjoensen@uchicago.edu, VERAMENDI, GREGORY F.³ Gregory.Veramendi@rhul.ac.uk

المصدر: AEA Papers & Proceedings. May2024, Vol. 114, p259-264. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GENDER wage gap, *WOMEN'S wages, *INCOME inequality, *ECONOMICS education, COLLEGE majors, COLLEGE choice, GENDER inequality

مستخلص: This article examines the gender wage gap among college graduates in Sweden, with a focus on college major choices and precollege skills. The authors analyze Swedish register data and find that men and women tend to choose different majors, and majors with a higher proportion of women have lower average wages. College major choices account for a significant portion of the gender wage gap, but skill differences have little impact on within-major wage gaps. The study also reveals that women born between 1972 and 1977 experience an average wage gap of 18% compared to men of the same age. While educational sorting explains a significant portion of the gender wage gap, substantial gaps still persist. The analysis suggests that differences in skill prices and coefficients on covariates have minimal effect on the within-major gender gap, with most of the gap being attributed to differences in starting wages. [Extracted from the article]

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المؤلفون: BINDER, ARIEL J.¹ ariel.j.binder@census.gov, ENG, AMANDA¹ amanda.r.eng@census.gov, HOUGHTON, KENDALL¹ kendall.a.houghton@census.gov, FOOTE, ANDREW¹ andrew.foote@census.gov

المصدر: AEA Papers & Proceedings. May2024, Vol. 114, p248-253. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GENDER wage gap, GENDER differences (Sociology), ASSOCIATE degree education, SCHOOL dropouts

مستخلص: This article examines the gender pay gap in the United States, specifically focusing on whether the gap is largest at the top of the pay scale. The authors analyze data from the American Community Survey and find that while the pay gap is significant at the top, it is also significant at the bottom of the distribution. They also observe that the pay gap has decreased since 2006, with larger declines among those with bachelor's and advanced degrees. The study emphasizes the importance of considering education level and work hours when understanding the gender pay gap. Additionally, the article "Hours Constraints, Occupational Choice, and Gender: Evidence from Medical Residents" by Melanie Wasserman explores the relationship between working hours, career choices, and gender among medical residents. The study finds that female residents are more likely to choose specialties with fewer working hours compared to male residents, suggesting that working hour constraints may influence gender differences in occupational choices. This research provides valuable insights into the factors that shape career decisions in the medical field and highlights the need to address gender disparities in the workplace. [Extracted from the article]

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المؤلفون: Dilmaghani, Maryam¹ (AUTHOR) maryam.dilmaghani@smu.ca, Hu, Min² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Applied Economics Letters. Jun2024, Vol. 31 Issue 11, p1059-1066. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GENDER wage gap, *UNIVERSITY faculty, *ECONOMIC research, *INCOME inequality, *PUBLIC sector

مصطلحات جغرافية: CANADA

مستخلص: The status of women in economics is increasingly researched. However, the gender earnings gap among economics faculty is rarely examined due to data limitations. Relying on Canadian Public Sector Salary Disclosure lists, we construct a unique dataset of earnings, credentials, and research productivity of economics faculty members. We find a ceteris paribus gender earnings gap, which is driven by full professors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Liu, Sitian¹ (AUTHOR), Su, Yichen² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Review of Economics & Statistics. May2024, Vol. 106 Issue 3, p872-881. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GENDER wage gap, *INCOME inequality, GENDER differences (Sociology), GEOGRAPHY

مستخلص: Prior studies show that women are more willing to accept lower wages for shorter commutes than men. We show that gender differences in commuting preferences lead to a gender wage gap only if there is a wage penalty for shortening commutes, determined by the geography of jobs. We demonstrate this by showing that the commuting and wage gaps are considerably smaller among workers living near city centers, especially for occupations with a high geographic concentration of high-wage jobs. We highlight the geography of jobs as a key force that amplifies the impact of commuting preferences on the gender wage gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Bütikofer, Aline¹ (AUTHOR), Løken, Katrine V.¹ (AUTHOR), Willén, Alexander¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Review of Economics & Statistics. May2024, Vol. 106 Issue 3, p681-697. 17p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *GENDER wage gap, *INCOME inequality, *WAGE increases, *LABOR market, *WAGES, BRIDGES

مصطلحات جغرافية: DENMARK, SWEDEN

مستخلص: By exploiting the opening of the Öresund Bridge between Denmark and Sweden, we examine the impact of access to larger labor markets on wages and employment. We show that the bridge generated a substantial increase in the cross-country commuting behavior of Swedes and a 13.5% increase in the average wage of workers in the region. We further show that the wage gains are unevenly distributed: the effect is largest for high-educated men and smallest for low-educated women. Thus, the wage gains come at the cost of increased income inequality and a widening of the gender wage gap, both within and across households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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