المؤلفون: Nguyen, Mike, Kim, Hyung, Gulley, James, Sater, Houssein, Jamieson, Christina, Hsu, Chiu-Hsieh, Wojtowicz, Malgorzata, House, Margaret, Schlom, Jeffrey, Donahue, Renee, Dahut, William, Madan, Ravi, Bailey, Shania, Centuori, Sara, Bauman, Julie, Parnes, Howard, Chow, H-H, Parsons, J, Pinto, Peter, Pavlovich, Christian, Uchio, Edward

المصدر: European Urology Focus. 9(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Animals, Humans, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Cancer Vaccines, Fowlpox, Watchful Waiting, Prostatic Neoplasms, Disease Progression

الوصف: BACKGROUND: There is an unmet clinical need for interventions to prevent disease progression in patients with localized prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS). OBJECTIVE: To determine the immunologic response to the PROSTVAC vaccine and the clinical indicators of disease progression in patients with localized prostate cancer on AS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in 154 men with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer on AS. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized (2:1) to receive seven doses of subcutaneous PROSTVAC, a vaccinia/fowlpox viral vector-based immunotherapy containing a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) transgene and three T-cell co-stimulatory molecules, or an empty fowlpox vector (EV) over 140 d. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was the change from baseline in CD4 and CD8 T-cell infiltration in biopsy tumor tissue. Key secondary outcomes were safety and changes in prostate biopsy tumor pathology, peripheral antigen-specific T cells, and serum PSA. Continuous variables were compared using nonparametric tests. Categorical variables were compared using Fishers exact test. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The PROSTVAC/EV vaccination was well tolerated. All except one participant completed the vaccination series. Changes in CD4 or CD8 density in biopsy tumor tissue did not differ between the PROSTVAC and EV arms. The proportions of patients with Gleason upgrading to grade group 3 after treatment was similar between the arms. There were no differences in postvaccination peripheral T-cell responses or the PSA change from baseline to 6-mo post-treatment follow-up between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this first-of-kind trial of immunotherapy in patients on AS for prostate cancer, PROSTVAC did not elicit more favorable prostate tissue or peripheral T-cell responses than the EV. There was no difference between the arms in clinicopathologic effects. Despite the null findings, this is the first study reporting the feasibility and acceptability of an immunotherapy intervention in the AS setting. PATIENT SUMMARY: We looked at responses after an experimental prostate cancer vaccine in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS). Participants who received the vaccine did not show more favorable outcomes than those receiving the control. Despite these findings, this is the first report showing the feasibility and acceptability of immunotherapy for prostate cancer in patients on AS.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4r52056xTest

المؤلفون: Khassal Sofiane, Khadija Oubouskour, Balatif Omar

المصدر: Results in Control and Optimization, Vol 15, Iss , Pp 100428- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Mathematical modeling, Optimal control, Fowlpox disease, Numerical simulation, Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods, T57-57.97

الوصف: This paper presents a mathematical model aimed at elucidating the dynamics of fowl pox transmission within poultry populations. The model focuses on implementing control strategies to manage the spread of the disease, considering two primary modes of transmission: direct contact and transmission via mosquitoes. Our objective is to enhance understanding of disease propagation and to propose a control strategy aimed at minimizing the number of infected birds Ib(t) and increasing the number of recovered birds Rb(t) during the time interval t0,tf, while also minimizing the costs associated with implementing the control strategy. The proposed mathematical framework facilitates the integration of various control strategies to effectively manage fowl pox transmission dynamics. By employing Pontryagin’s maximum principle, efficient control measures are identified to mitigate the spread of the disease. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical analysis using MATLAB.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666720724000584Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2666-7207Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/827aa68f5b264db3bd91fa7ffa97bc29Test

المؤلفون: Raquel A.F. Silva, Roberio G. Olinda, Luciano A. Pimentel, Lisanka Â. Maia, Maria T.S. Frade, Glaucia D. Kommers, Glauco J.N. Galiza, Antônio F.M. Dantas

المصدر: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Vol 43 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Avian diseases, avipoxvirus, fowlpox, fungal co-infections, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100

الوصف: ABSTRACT: This study describes the epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of outbreaks of avian pox diagnosed in poultry associated with fungal co-infections. A retrospective study was carried out, and cases of avian pox with suspected associated fungal infection were selected. The slides were subjected to routine and special histochemical staining in cases of suspected fungal infection, in addition to performing the immunohistochemical technique. Macroscopically, there were nodular lesions with crust formation, and histologically, the lesions were characterized by hyperplasia of the spinous layer associated with multiple eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions. In seven cases, morphologically compatible structures with fungi were verified through black impregnation with GMS and strongly stained in pink with PAS. The morphotintorial aspects were suggestive of fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus sp. and Candida sp. The diagnosis of fungal co-infections was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, with positive immunostaining for fungi of the genus Aspergillus sp. (five cases) and Candida sp. (two cases). It is concluded that the occurrence of fungal co-infections secondary to the cutaneous lesions of avian pox represents a complicating factor of the disease, favoring the weakness of these animals and death. Therefore, the investigation of associated secondary agents is necessary.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-736X2023000100240&tlng=enTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1678-5150Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4908886408d4409da033df886e769d93Test

المؤلفون: Lingcong Deng, Cunxia Liu, Letian Li, Pengfei Hao, Maopeng Wang, Ningyi Jin, Ronglan Yin, Shouwen Du, Chang Li

المصدر: Virus Research, Vol 336, Iss , Pp 199218- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Avipoxvirus 282E4, Fowlpox virus, Genome-wide analysis, Phylogenetic analysis, Microbiology, QR1-502, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

الوصف: Avipoxvirus 282E4 strain was extensively applied into recombinant vaccine vector to prevent other infectious diseases. However, little information on the genomic background, functional and genetic evolutionary of the isolate 282E4 strain was clarified. The results showed that the linear genome of avipoxvirus 282E4 was 308,826 bp, containing 313 open reading frames (ORFs) and 12 new predicted ORFs. The 282E4 strain appears to encode two novel thymidine kinase proteins and two TGF-beta-like proteins that may be associated with the suppression of the host's antiviral response. Avipoxvirus 282E4 also encodes 57 ankyrin repeat proteins and 5 variola B22R-like proteins, which composed 7% of the avipoxvirus 282E4 genome. GO and KEGG analysis further revealed that 12 ORFs participate in viral transcription process, 7 ORFs may function during DNA repair, replication and biological synthesis, and ORF 208 is involved in the process of virus life cycle. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences p4b and DNA polymerase of avipoxviruses gene demonstrates that avipoxvirus 282E4 strain is divergent from known FWPV isolates and is similar to shearwater poxvirus (SWPV-1) that belongs to the CNPV-like virus. Sequencing avipoxvirus 282E4 is a significant step to judge the genetic position of avipoxviruses within the larger Poxviridae phylogenetic tree and provide a new insight into the genetic background of avipoxvirus 282E4 and interspecies transmission of poxviruses, meanwhile, explanation of gene function provides theoretical foundation for vaccine design with 282E4 strain as skeleton.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168170223001806Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1872-7492Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1d667972daf4421e9027389ec5bbd268Test

المؤلفون: Nahed Yehia, Sabry Elsayed, Fatimah A. Al-Saeed, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Ahmed Abd El-Halem Mohammed

المصدر: Poultry Science, Vol 102, Iss 8, Pp 102769- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: fowlpox, molecular characterization, p4b gene, poultry, viral mutation, Animal culture, SF1-1100

الوصف: ABSTRACT: A total of 45 samples of vaccinated and non-vaccinated layer chickens were collected from farms in the Egyptian governorates of Sharqia, Ismailia, Menofia, Gharbia, Kafr El Sheikh, Qalyubia, and Dakahlia in the year 2022. They exhibited nodular lesions on their combs, mouth corners, and eyelids, suggesting they were infected with pox disease, which was associated with a 3 to 5% mortality rate. The samples were grown on the chorioallantoic-membrane of embryonated chicken eggs to ensure their viability. In both vaccinated and non-vaccinated farms, 35 of 45 virus isolates were confirmed positive via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of fpv167 (P4b), based on the amplicon length of the fpv167 gene locus. The 6 strains from various Egyptian governorates were chosen for sequencing and genetic characterization. Phylogenetic investigation of the fpv167 (P4b) gene of sequenced strains clustered within sub clade A1 showed 100% correlation between FWPVD, TKPV13401 and fowlpox-AN2, fowlpox-AN3, and fowlpox-AN6, but only a 98.6% correlation between fowlpox-AN1, fowlpox-AN4, and fowlpox-AN5. Comparing the fowlpox-AN1, fowlpox-AN4, and fowlpox-AN5 strains with commercial vaccine strains (HP1-444-(FP9), vaccine-VSVRI), they had 98.6% identity, while other strains had 100% identity. The results of this study's mutation research showed that fowlpox-AN1, fowlpox-AN4, and fowlpox-AN5 had acquired novel mutations; fowlpox-AN1 had R201G and T204A; fowlpox-AN4 and fowlpox-AN5 had L141F and H157P. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of the current vaccine in order to develop a new vaccine.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123002882Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0032-5791Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/03561646f59e4c44b34afb3e73f9da60Test

المؤلفون: Ibrahim Eldaghayes, Lisa Rothwell, Michael Skinner, Abdunaser Dayhum, Pete Kaiser

المصدر: Vaccines, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 1716 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: chicken interleukin-18, vaccine adjuvant, recombinant Fowlpox virus FP9, fpIBD1, Medicine

الوصف: In mammals, the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the immune response is to drive inflammatory and, normally therefore, anti-viral responses. IL-18 also shows promise as a vaccine adjuvant in mammals. Chicken IL-18 (chIL-18) has been cloned. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of chIL-18 to act as a vaccine adjuvant in the context of a live recombinant Fowlpox virus vaccine (fpIBD1) against Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). fpIBD1 protects against mortality, but not against damage to the bursa of Fabricius caused by IBDV infection. The Fowlpox virus genome itself contains several candidate immunomodulatory genes, including potential IL-18 binding proteins (IL-18bp). We knocked out (Δ) the potential IL-18bp genes in fpIBD1 and inserted (::) the cDNA encoding chIL-18 into fpIBD1 in the non-essential ORF030, generating five new viral constructs –fpIBD1::chIL-18, fpIBD1ΔORF073, fpIBD1ΔORF073::chIL-18, fpIBD1ΔORF214, and fpIBD1ΔORF214::chIL-18. The subsequent protection from challenge with virulent IBDV, as measured by viral load and bursal damage, given by these altered fpIBD1 strains, was compared to that given by the original fpIBD1. Complete protection was provided following challenge with IBDV in chicken groups vaccinated with either fpIBDIΔ073::IL-18 or fpIBD1Δ214::IL-18, as no bursal damage nor IBDV was detected in the bursae of the birds. The results show that chIL-18 can act as an effective vaccine adjuvant by improving the fpIBD1 vaccine and providing complete protection against IBDV challenge.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/11/1716Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/98afcb64a8a14fb089295679521784a6Test

المؤلفون: Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi

المصدر: Media Kedokteran Hewan, Vol 33, Iss 3, Pp 177-187 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: fowlpox, pathology, molecular analysis, mixed species, poultry, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100

الوصف: Cutaneous scabs were seen on the nares and shanks in three grower turkeys in a mixed turkey-chicken flock in Langtang-north LGA of Plateau State, Nigeria. A chicken in the flock had diphtheritic membrane covering the mucous membranes of the oro-pharynx and the turkeys had cutaneous pox lesions on the nares and shank. Fowlpox virus infection was diagnosed by gross and histopathology and confirmed by isolation of the virus in chorioallantoic membrane of 9-12 weeks chicken embryonating eggs. The DNA of Fowl Pox Virus (FPV) was detected in the cutaneous scabs of the turkey and chicken using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) which amplified a 578 base pairs fragment of the 4b core protein gene. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the fowlpox virus responsible for this infection clustered with the sublineage A1 genotype of clade A of fowlpox virus and shares 98% homology with the vaccine strain produced in Nigeria. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank under the accession number MK435242. Our results confirmed the presence of FPV in the turkeys and suggest a predisposition by the chickens. We therefore suggest vaccination for small holder poultry to mitigate against mortality in turkeys and chickens and molecular epidemiology of fowlpox viruses in Nigeria to unravel viral evolution.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/view/33479Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0215-8930Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2775-975XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1bb94fe1d20e4ec9a51f7fcb45951e4fTest

المؤلفون: Sanjeevna K. Minhas, Parveen Kumar, Ritu Panghal, Raman Mehtani, Rekha Yadav, Sweety Kalonia, V. Gowthaman

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Microbiology, Genetics, Biotechnology, Ecology, Immunology, Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Fowlpox, Avipoxvirus (APV), vaccine, vector

الوصف: Among the genus Avipoxvirus (APV) of the family Poxviridae , Fowlpox virus (FWPV) is of the highest economic importance associated with a severe drop in egg production, retarded growth of younger birds, and sometimes heavy mortality. Despite its worldwide prevalence, the status of fowlpox infection varies in different geographical regions due to differences in climate, vector population, vaccination status, management, and employed hygienic practices. The disease is frequently seen in all production systems, ranging from backyard to commercial poultry flocks due to insufficient vaccination coverage, strain differences or the emergence of novel variants. FWPV can either produce cutaneous lesions (hypertrophy/hyperplasia of epidermal cells) or can affect mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract or digestive system (diphtheritic form). The host specificity has been considered broader than previously thought: (a) ‘fowlpox-like viruses’ being mainly isolated from Galliformes, (b) ‘canarypox-like viruses’ from Passeriformes and (c) viruses of Psittaciformes. Currently, fowlpox is considered an evolving disease in the poultry industry with several incidences documented in vaccinated chicken flocks worldwide. Limited reports are available on the antigenic, genetic, and biological characterisation of FWPV and other APVs. Complete genome sequencing of different APVs is necessary to understand its molecular epidemiology which would help to solve the complex paradigm of its host range. In the recent past, FWPV has been used as a vector to produce recombinant veterinary vaccines. This review has briefed the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, prevention, and control strategies related to fowlpox infection.

العلاقة: https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Fowl_pox_virus_a_minireview/24474549Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24474549.v1Test
https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Fowl_pox_virus_a_minireview/24474549Test

المؤلفون: Bala Ningi Umar, Jibril Adamu, Haruna Makonjuola Kazeem

المصدر: Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Vol 6, Iss 4, Pp 51-57 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: fowlpox, humoral immunity, resistance, susceptibility, virology, Zoology, QL1-991, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801

الوصف: There is limited information regarding chicken's inter and intra-breed resistance to the fowlpox virus (FWPV). Incidentally, it was observed during a natural fowlpox outbreak in a flock of inbred Isa White chickens having different plumage colors that those with predominantly white plumage were most severely affected. Thus, this study assessed the effects of plumage color in progenies of the affected chickens on immune response and severity of fowlpox virus infection. Thirty each of white and colored chickens were selected from the same hatch and challenged experimentally with a field fowlpox virus. Fifteen chickens from each plumage group were vaccinated against fowlpox prior to the challenge while the remaining unvaccinated half were infected with the field virus. Vaccine ‘takes’ diameters, discrete fowlpox lesions and FWPV antibody titer were evaluated. The highest mean vaccine ‘takes’ in white (9.95 ± 0.34 mm) and colored (10.74 ± 0.41 mm) chickens were observed on day-7 post-vaccination. White chickens had lower mean antibodies to fowlpox virus pre- and post-vaccination (21.83 ± 3.32 and 41.61 ± 6.16 ng/L) than colored chickens (26.89 ± 5.47 and 53.25 ± 7.26 ng/L); however, the difference was not statistically significant (p ˃ 0.05). In contrast, mean fowlpox lesions count differed significantly (p ˂ 0.05) between white (4.00 ± 0.56) and colored (2.0 ± 0.35) chickens. Immune responses and severity of fowlpox are likely influenced by plumage color in Isa White breed of chickens.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://javs.journals.ekb.eg/article_194192.htmlTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1687-4072Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2090-3308Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/918f4c11cf634e63b24740a18aedc457Test

المؤلفون: M. R Azizi, E Asli, A. M Behroozikhah, B Khalesi

المصدر: Archives of Razi Institute, Vol 76, Iss 3, Pp 429-436 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: fowlpox vaccine, cd4+/cd8+ t lymphocytes, spf chickens, flow cytometry, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100

الوصف: Fowlpox (FP) is a viral disease that is widely distributed throughout the world. The disease has an economic impact on the poultry industry, and its prevalence has even been reported in vaccinated flocks. The present study used flow cytometry to evaluate the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune response of chicks induced by FP vaccine. 120 specific pathogen-free (SPF) 21-day-old chicks were randomly divided into three groups of 40. One group was used as negative control with PBS inoculation, the other two groups were inoculated with the local fowlpox vaccine produced by Razi Institute and commercial FP vaccines, and they were kept for five weeks. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated using Ficoll–Hypaque density gradients and the percentages of CD3+, CD3+, CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes were analyzed with flow cytometry. Seven days post-immunization, a maximum (90-100%) swelling formation (“take”) on the vaccination site was observed. The ratios of CD4+ to CD8+ T-lymphocytes in both vaccinated groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control group inoculated with PBS. The percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes were increased in chickens vaccinated with commercial and local FP vaccines. There were no significant differences between the groups receiving commercial and local fowl pox vaccines. The present study showed that protective immunity could be associated with increased cellular immune responses, which has been interpreted as enhancing T-cell proliferation and increasing CD4+ to CD8+ ratios through vaccination with the FP vaccine. This study further suggests that the induction of enhanced immune responses is due mainly to the Th1-type response.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_122315_97d29d374d51a6f1a577d3f5e2fc21a3.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/0365-3439Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2008-9872Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/c9644609924d48629fb51326157932c7Test