المؤلفون: Jingjing Zhang, Lulu Chen, Min Zhang, Mingkang Yao, Saisai Ren, Haihui Liu, Yanan Min, Yan Jia, Yanling Tao, Hao Zhang

المصدر: BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Exchange Transfusion, Artesunate, Severe P. falciparum malaria, Treatment, Case series, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

الوصف: Abstract Background the mortality associated with severe malaria due to Plasmodiun falciparum remains high despite improvements in malaria management. Case prensentation: this case series aims to describe the efficacy and safety of the exchange transfusion combined with artesunate (ET-AS) regimen in severe P. falciparum malaria. Eight patients diagnosed with severe P. falciparum malaria were included. All patients underwent ET using the COBE Spectra system. The aimed for a post-exchange hematocrit of 30%. Half the estimated blood volume was removed and replaced using fresh frozen plasma. The regimen was well-tolerated without complications. The parasite clearance time ranged from 1 ~ 5 days. Five patients with cerebral malaria exhibited full improved consciousness within 3 days, while patient2 with hemolysis improved on day 2. Liver function improved within 1 ~ 6 days, and patient 1 and patient 6 showed improvements renal function on days 18 and 19, respectively. The length of intensive care unit stay range from 2 ~ 10 days, and all patients treated with ET-AS remained in the hospital for 3 ~ 19 days. Conclusions: these preliminary results suggest that ET-AS regimens are a safe and effective therapy for severe P. falciparum malaria and can benefit patients in clinical settings.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2334Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9a1d71ee78ea456592a0af90509fdcb5Test

المؤلفون: Muhammed O. Afolabi, Doudou Sow, Schadrac C. Agbla, El Hadji Babacar Fall, Fatimata Bintou Sall, Amadou Seck, Isaac Akhénaton Manga, Ibrahima Marietou Mbaye, Mor Absa Loum, Baba Camara, Diatou Niang, Babacar Gueye, Doudou Sene, Ndéye M’backé Kane, Boubacar Diop, Awa Diouf, Ndéye Aida Gaye, Marie Pierre Diouf, Aminata Colle Lo, Brian Greenwood, Jean Louis A. Ndiaye

المصدر: Malaria Journal, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Falciparum malaria, Soil-transmitted helminthiasis, Schistosomiasis, Co-infection, Integrated control strategy, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

الوصف: Abstract Background The overlap in the epidemiology of malaria and helminths has been identified as a potential area to exploit for the development of an integrated control strategy that may help to achieve elimination of malaria and helminths. A randomized, controlled, observer-blind trial was conducted to assess the feasibility and safety of combining mass drug administration (MDA) for schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths (STH) with seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) among children living in Senegal. Methods Female and male children aged 1–14 years were randomized 1:1:1, to receive Vitamin A and Zinc on Day 0, followed by SMC drugs (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine) on Days 1–3 (control group); or praziquantel and Vitamin A on Day 0, followed by SMC drugs on Days 1–3 (treatment group 1); or albendazole and praziquantel on Day 0, followed by SMC drugs on Days 1–3 (treatment group 2). Safety assessment was performed by collecting adverse events from all children for six subsequent days following administration of the study drugs. Pre- and post-intervention, blood samples were collected for determination of haemoglobin concentration, malaria microscopy, and PCR assays. Stool samples were analyzed using Kato-Katz, Merthiolate-iodine-formalin and PCR methods. Urine filtration, PCR and circulating cathodic antigen tests were also performed. Results From 9 to 22 June 2022, 627 children aged 1–14 years were randomized into the three groups described above. Mild, transient vomiting was observed in 12.6% (26/206) of children in treatment group 2, in 10.6% (22/207) in group 1, and in 4.2% (9/214) in the control group (p = 0.005). Pre-intervention, the geometric mean value of Plasmodium falciparum parasite density was highest among children who received albendazole, praziquantel with SMC drugs. Post-intervention, the parasite density was highest among children who received SMC drugs only. Children who received praziquantel and SMC drugs had a lower risk of developing severe anaemia than their counterparts who received SMC drugs alone (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.13–5.00, p = 0.63). Conclusions Integration of MDA for helminths with SMC drugs was safe and feasible among Senegalese children. These findings support further evaluation of the integrated control model. Trial registration: The study is registered at Clinical Trial.gov NCT05354258.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f0a5b2606b444acbba75951d501e08acTest

المؤلفون: Madiha Q. Raees, Montfort Benard Gushu, Terrie E. Taylor, Karl B. Seydel, Hunter J. Wynkoop, Nicole F. O’Brien

المصدر: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Vol 12 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: pediatrics, Africa South of the Sahara, cerebral malaria, falciparum malaria, brain edema, point-of-care technology, Pediatrics, RJ1-570

الوصف: IntroductionMortality in pediatric cerebral malaria (CM) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is associated with brain swelling on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, MRI is unavailable in most LMICs. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement is an inexpensive method of detecting increased intracranial pressure compared with the invasive opening pressure (OP). Our primary objective was to determine if increased ONSD correlated with brain swelling on MRI in pediatric CM. Our secondary objective was to determine if increased ONSD correlated with increased OP and/or poor neurological outcome in pediatric CM. We hypothesized that increased ONSD would correlate with brain swelling on MRI and increased OP and that ONSD would be higher in survivors with sequelae and non-survivors.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of children aged 0–12 years in Blantyre, Malawi, from 2013 to 2022 with CM as defined by the World Health Organization. Brain swelling on admission MRI was characterized by brain volume scores (BVS); severe swelling was scored as 7–8, mild-to-moderate as 4–6, normal as 3. The admission ONSD was measured via ultrasound; it was defined as abnormal if it was >4.5 mm in children >1 year and >4 mm in children

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2024.1295254/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-2360Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/90a66862b9664bd8a206950411fb31d8Test

المؤلفون: Murithi, James, Deni, Ioanna, Pasaje, Charisse, Okombo, John, Bridgford, Jessica, Gnädig, Nina, Edwards, Rachel, Yeo, Tomas, Mok, Sachel, Burkhard, Anna, Coburn-Flynn, Olivia, Istvan, Eva, Sakata-Kato, Tomoyo, Gomez-Lorenzo, Maria, Cowell, Annie, Wicht, Kathryn, Le Manach, Claire, Kalantarov, Gavreel, Dey, Sumanta, Duffey, Maëlle, Laleu, Benoît, Lukens, Amanda, Ottilie, Sabine, Vanaerschot, Manu, Trakht, Ilya, Gamo, Francisco-Javier, Wirth, Dyann, Goldberg, Daniel, Odom John, Audrey, Chibale, Kelly, Winzeler, Elizabeth, Niles, Jacquin, Fidock, David

المصدر: Cell Chemical Biology. 29(5)

مصطلحات موضوعية: ABCI3, CRISPR/Cas9, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, biphasic dose-response curves, cellular accumulation assays, conditional knockdowns, copy-number variations, heme fractionation, pfcrt, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Animals, Antimalarials, Folic Acid Antagonists, Heme, Malaria, Falciparum, Membrane Transport Proteins, Parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, Protozoan Proteins, Quinolines

الوصف: Widespread Plasmodium falciparum resistance to first-line antimalarials underscores the vital need to develop compounds with novel modes of action and identify new druggable targets. Here, we profile five compounds that potently inhibit P. falciparum asexual blood stages. Resistance selection studies with three carboxamide-containing compounds, confirmed by gene editing and conditional knockdowns, identify point mutations in the parasite transporter ABCI3 as the primary mediator of resistance. Selection studies with imidazopyridine or quinoline-carboxamide compounds also yield changes in ABCI3, this time through gene amplification. Imidazopyridine mode of action is attributed to inhibition of heme detoxification, as evidenced by cellular accumulation and heme fractionation assays. For the copy-number variation-selecting imidazopyridine and quinoline-carboxamide compounds, we find that resistance, manifesting as a biphasic concentration-response curve, can independently be mediated by mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter PfCRT. These studies reveal the interconnectedness of P. falciparum transporters in overcoming drug pressure in different parasite strains.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4277b0xkTest

المؤلفون: Javeria Rauf Saeed

المصدر: Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Falciparum Malaria, Malaria, Platelet Count, Thrombocytopenia, Plasmodium Vivax, Dentistry, RK1-715, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: OBJECTIVES To determine the association between the severity of thrombocytopenia and the pattern of malaria. METHODOLOGY This descriptive cross-sectional study included 194 patients who tested positive for malarial parasites on peripheral smear examination. The study comprised smear-positive malaria cases, both males and females, who were Pakistani nationals aged between 8 and 50. Exclusion criteria were individuals with dengue, typhoid, immunocompromised status, liver disease, and pregnancy. Data were recorded for age, gender, the pattern of malaria (Plasmodium (P). vivax, P. falciparum, or mixed), and type of thrombocytopenia (mild, moderate, and severe). The association between the severity of thrombocytopenia and the pattern of malaria was determined using a chi-square test, with the analysis stratified by gender. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 28.58±11.70 years, with 114 (58.76%) being male. The lowest platelet count (64,627 ± 43,062) was found in cases of falciparum malaria, while the highest mean platelet count was found in cases of vivax malaria (130,919 ± 107,723), and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.004). The most common occurrence of severe thrombocytopenia was in falciparum malaria cases (n=11, 42.31%), and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.024). CONCLUSION Falciparum malaria has the lowest mean platelet count and more severe thrombocytopenia than vivax and mixed type.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://jgmds.org.pk/index.php/JGMDS/article/view/557Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2312-9433Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2618-1452Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/e575cd8622f747ae82257b16e800165fTest

المؤلفون: Kohei Kamegai, Kayoko Hayakawa, Kei Yamamoto, Hidetoshi Nomoto, Kanako Komaki-Yasuda, Shigeyuki Kano, Norio Ohmagari

المصدر: Tropical Medicine and Health, Vol 51, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Artemether-lumefantrine, Post-artemisinin delayed hemolysis, First-trimester, Blood transfusion, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962

الوصف: Abstract Background Post-artemisinin delayed hemolysis (PADH) is a serious complication in patients who recover from severe malaria after receiving artemisinin-based combined therapy (ACT), including artemether-lumefantrine. In Japan, among the antimalarial drugs recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for severe malaria, intravenous quinine gluconate is available only in 29 designated hospitals, and intravenous artesunate is unavailable. Therefore, oral artemether-lumefantrine is occasionally administered as an alternative, even though it may be a suboptimal treatment. In non-endemic settings like Japan, a lack of knowledge of malaria and the side effects, such as post-artemisinin delayed hemolysis caused by the ACT, can have critical consequences. Like our patient, being a primigravida in the early stages of pregnancy is a serious risk factor for severe malaria and must be carefully monitored. Case presentation This report describes a severe case of imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria complicated by fetal loss and prolonged anemia, requiring frequent blood transfusions. The patient was a previously healthy pregnant Japanese female in her 30 s. She developed a high fever 2 days after returning from Nigeria. The patient fulfilled the severe malaria criteria by WHO. On arrival, an abdominal ultrasound incidentally revealed a fetus of 5 week gestational age with a heartbeat in the uterus. Given her pregnancy and the severity of the disease, she was administered intravenous quinine 16 mg/kg as a loading dose. However, the second dose of quinine was not administered due to frequent vomiting and QTc prolongation. We initiated treatment with oral artemether-lumefantrine, and clearance of parasitemia was confirmed by microscopic observation on day 4. Miscarriage was noted on day 6 after admission. Moreover, the patient became feverish again up to 39 °C, and from days 14 to 22, the patient required multiple blood transfusions due to PADH. On day 40, follow-up was discontinued as the hemoglobin level exceeded 10 g/dL. Conclusions In patients who recover from severe malaria after ACT treatment, monitoring the hemoglobin level for at least a month is strongly recommended for prompt identification of PADH. Travelers to malaria-endemic countries, especially primigravida women, should be provided with adequate information on the risk and prevention of infection.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1349-4147Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/69a58d08573c4481af950282b3e64eb1Test

المؤلفون: Abdissa Biruksew, Ashenafi Demeke, Zewdie Birhanu, Estifanos Kebede, Lemu Golassa, Evans Mantiri Mathebula, Delenasaw Yewhalaw

المصدر: Malaria Journal, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: NxTek™ Eliminate Ag Pf, hsRDT, qPCR, Asymptomatic falciparum malaria, School children, Ethiopia, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

الوصف: Abstract Background One of the major roadblocks to the falciparum malaria elimination programme is the presence of a portion of the population, such as school children, with asymptomatic malaria infection. Targeting such reservoirs of infections is critical to interrupting transmission and enhancing elimination efforts. The NxTek™ Eliminate Malaria Pf test is a highly sensitive rapid diagnostic test (hsRDT) for the detection of HRP-2. However, knowledge gaps exist in Ethiopia on the diagnostic performance of hsRDT for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum in school children with asymptomatic malaria. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to January 2022 on 994 healthy school children (aged 6–15 years). Finger-pricked whole blood samples were collected for microscopy, hsRDT, conventional RDT (cRDT or SD Bioline Malaria Ag Pf/P.v), and QuantStudio™ 3 Real—Time PCR system (qPCR). The hsRDT was compared to cRDT and microscopy. qPCR and microscopy were used as reference methods. Results The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum was 1.51%, 2.2%. 2.2% and 4.52%, by microscopy, hsRDT, cRDT and qPCR, respectively. Using qPCR as reference, the sensitivity of hsRDT was higher (48.89%) than the microscopy (33.3%), and showed 100% specificity and a positive predictive value (PPV). Microscopy showed similar specificity and PPV as hsRDT. Using microscopy as a reference, the diagnostic perforrmances of both hsRDT and cRDT were similar. Both RDTs demonstrated identical diagnostic performances in both comparison methods. Conclusions hsRDT has the same diagnostic performance as cRDT but improved diagnostic characteristics than microscopy for detection of P. falciparum in school children with asymptomatic malaria. It can be a useful tool for the national malaria elimination plan of Ethiopia.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9167787c293d425381b60575b5718649Test

المؤلفون: Silvia J. Durán Sánchez, Juliana Amaya, Leidy Medina, Gerardo Muñeton, María José Vargas, Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez

المصدر: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol 55, Iss , Pp 102628- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Severe malaria, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Artemether-lumefantrine, Post-artemisinin delayed hemolysis, Colombia, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893923000881Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1873-0442Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ffe8f4afe3614d868c2b7fdde67c1701Test

المؤلفون: Abu Sufyan, Hassan Jaffar, Sijeel Ahmed, Asad Sufyan

المصدر: Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal, Vol 73, Iss 4 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: falciparum malaria, acute kidney injury, field hospital, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Malaria is most common health problem in tropical areas that can lead to fatal complications including acute kidney injury. Plasmodium falciparum infection is one of leading cause of complicated malaria leading to death. Although the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury is not fully understood, however, blockage of renal microcirculation due to sequestration of red blood cells, immune mediated glomerular injury, and hypovolemia, play a pivotal role in causing acute of kidney dysfunction. Acute tubular necrosis is most found on histological examination. Acute kidney dysfunction induced by malaria infection can cause irreversible damage if not managed properly. Therefore, early diagnosis and management with dialysis, plays important role in saving life.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.pafmj.org/index.php/PAFMJ/article/view/5570Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0030-9648Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2411-8842Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6bf7f7b741bf4990a171a1fb2e8a8041Test

المؤلفون: Antonio Mastroianni, Caterina Vocale, Vittorio Sambri, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Paolo Gaibani, Giada Rossini, Stefania Varani

المصدر: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol 16, Iss 3, Pp 139-142 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: dengue virus, falciparum malaria, travelers infection, co-infection, arbovirus, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962

الوصف: Rationale: Malaria and dengue are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in tropical countries. Plasmodium parasite and dengue virus (DENV) concurrent infection is possible and often under-recognized in geographical areas where these infections are both endemic. Patients concern and diagnosis: We describe the first two cases of Plasmodium falciparum and DENV-3 co-infection in travelers returning to northeastern Italy from Burkina Faso during 2013-2014. Interventions: Malaria infection in both patients was treated with mefloquine. Due to the persistence of symptoms despite of the antimalaria treatment, dengue was also investigated; the treatment of dengue was symptomatic. Outcomes: The patients were discharged in good general condition. Lessons: The need for surveillance of potential malaria and dengue co-infection in travelers returning to Europe from endemic areas is highlighted, as infection with Plasmodium does not exclude arboviral co-infection.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2023;volume=16;issue=3;spage=139;epage=142;aulast=MastroianniTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2352-4146Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4d94c179c2104fa7b06c8cff57461f1dTest