المؤلفون: Wade, Natasha, Courtney, Kelly, Wallace, Alexander, Hatz, Laura, Jacobus, Joanna

المصدر: Journal of Cannabis Research. 6(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Age of onset, Cannabis, Emotional functioning, Executive functioning, Sex

الوصف: BACKGROUND: Young adults have historically high levels of cannabis use at a time which coincides with emotional and cognitive development. Age of regular onset of cannabis use and sex at birth are hypothesized to influence the relationship between cannabis use and cognition. Here we investigated past 6-month cannabis use in relation to emotional and executive functioning. We further considered age of onset and sex in subgroup analyses. METHOD: Young adults (N = 225; ages 16-22) completed a substance use interview and cognitive battery, including the Emotional Word-Emotional Face Stroop and NIH toolbox executive functioning tasks. Linear regressions examined relationships between past 6-month cannabis use episodes and performance. Subgroup analyses investigated whether age of onset or sex impacted relationships. RESULTS: After correcting for multiple comparisons, greater past 6-month cannabis use episodes were related to poorer Emotional Stroop Congruent Accuracy (p = .0004, FDR-p = .002) and List Sorting Working Memory (p = .02, FDR-p = .10) performance. Younger age of regular use onset marginally related to lower Emotional Stroop Congruent Accuracy performance (p = .03, FDR-p = .13). There were no cannabis use by sex interactions on cognition. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with prior findings, results suggest small reductions in cannabis-related performance in processing speed during emotional Stroop and working memory tasks. Age of onset was modestly related to Stroop performance, but not sex. Longitudinal studies which detail patterns of cannabis and other substance use are needed to better assess brain-behavior relationships and other factors (e.g., age of onset of regular use, sex) which could influence cannabis-related impairments in cognitive functioning.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wf5h42nTest

المؤلفون: Colverson, Aaron, Barsoum, Stephanie, Cohen, Ronald, Williamson, John

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Mental Health, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Aging, Neurosciences, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Neurological, Executive functioning, Rhythm perception and production, Timing, Medical and Health Sciences, Gerontology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences

الوصف: Brain aging and common conditions of aging (e.g., hypertension) affect networks important in organizing information, processing speed and action programming (i.e., executive functions). Declines in these networks may affect timing and could have an impact on the ability to perceive and perform musical rhythms. There is evidence that participation in rhythmic musical activities may help to maintain and even improve executive functioning (near transfer), perhaps due to similarities in brain regions underlying timing, musical rhythm perception and production, and executive functioning. Rhythmic musical activities may present as a novel and fun activity for older adults to stimulate interacting brain regions that deteriorate with aging. However, relatively little is known about neurobehavioral interactions between aging, timing, rhythm perception and production, and executive functioning. In this review, we account for these brain-behavior interactions to suggest that deeper knowledge of overlapping brain regions associated with timing, rhythm, and cognition may assist in designing more targeted preventive and rehabilitative interventions to reduce age-related cognitive decline and improve quality of life in populations with neurodegenerative disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the functional relationships between brain regions associated with aging, timing, rhythm perception and production, and executive functioning to direct design of targeted interventions.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/579962mkTest

المؤلفون: Richson, Brianne, Deville, Danielle, Wierenga, Christina, Kaye, Walter, Ramirez, Ana

المصدر: Journal of Eating Disorders. 12(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: ARFID, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Dialectical behavior therapy, Eating disorders, Executive functioning, Family-based treatment, Neurodevelopment

الوصف: Existing descriptions of the treatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) at higher levels of care (HLOC) for eating disorders are limited, despite HLOC settings frequently serving patients with ARFID. The purpose of this commentary is to expand on the preliminary literature that describes pediatric ARFID treatment at HLOC by describing two specific components of our approach to treating pediatric ARFID that may not yet have traction in the current literature. Specifically, we highlight the utility of (1) treatment accommodations that appropriately account for patients neurodevelopmental needs (e.g., executive functioning, sensory processing) and (2) the adjunctive use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) elements within family-based pediatric ARFID treatment. We also describe necessary future directions for research in these domains to clarify if incorporating these considerations and approaches into pediatric ARFID treatment at HLOC does indeed improve treatment outcomes.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71k8p3xwTest

المؤلفون: Loesch, Danuta, Atkinson, Anna, Hall, Deborah, Tassone, Flora, Stimpson, Paige, Storey, Elsdon

مصطلحات موضوعية: FXTAS, correlations, executive functioning, fragile X premutation, motor scores, tremor

الوصف: BACKGROUND: There is evidence for a significant excess of kinetic upper limb tremor in non-FXTAS female FMR1 premutation carriers. The present study explores the possibility that this tremor is associated with various other features reminiscent of those occurring in syndromic FXTAS. SAMPLE/METHODS: This study analyzed the data from an Australian cohort of 48 asymptomatic premutation women. We utilized spiral drawings from CRST, representing action tremor; the CRST total tremor; and ICARS- kinetic tremors/cerebellar ataxia scales. Cognitive tests (involving executive functioning) included SDMT, TMT, two subtests of the WAIS-III: MR and Similarities. Spearman Rank correlations assessed the relationships between the above measures, and the Chi-square tested hypothesis about the association between the white matter hyperintensities (wmhs) in the splenium of corpus callosum assessed from MR images and spiral drawings scores. RESULTS: The spiral drawing scores were significantly correlated with all three non-verbal cognitive test scores, and with the CRST scores; the latter correlated with all four cognitive test measures. Similarities (verbal) scores correlated with CRST, ICARS, and with the remaining cognitive scores. Ordered spiral scores categories were significantly associated with the degree of splenium involvement. CONCLUSION: This study showed that, in non-FXTAS premutation female carriers, sub-symptomatic forms of kinetic tremor were associated with a broader motor, and cognitive (especially executive) dysfunction.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9j68c2hkTest
https://escholarship.org/content/qt9j68c2hk/qt9j68c2hk.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Murdaugh, Donna L., author, O'Toole, Kathleen M., author, King, Tricia Z., author

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197524459.001.0001Test

المؤلفون: Berg, Cynthia, Munion, Ascher, Loyola, Maria, Mello, Daniel, Butner, Jonathan, Suchy, Yana, Marino, Jessica, Wiebe, Deborah

المصدر: Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 57(8)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Daily diary, Diabetes self-management, Emerging adulthood, Executive functioning, Self-regulation, Type 1 diabetes, Humans, Female, Adult, Male, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Executive Function, Self Report, Self-Control

الوصف: BACKGROUND: Executive functioning (EF) predicts better Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management in the high-risk years after high school, but the daily self-regulation processes involved are unclear. PURPOSE: To examine whether EF is associated with daily self-regulation that minimizes ones exposure or buffers adverse reactions to daily diabetes problems, and to determine whether these patterns become stronger during the transition out of high school. METHODS: A measurement burst design with convenience sampling was used. Seniors in high school with T1D (N = 207; 66% female) completed self-report (i.e., Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning) and performance measures of EF (i.e., Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System). A 14-day daily diary assessing self-regulation failures, diabetes problems, affect, and indicators of diabetes management was completed at baseline and 1 year later. RESULTS: Correlations and multilevel modeling were conducted. Lower self-reported EF problems were associated with lower average levels of daily self-regulation failures, and these variables were associated with fewer daily diabetes problems. In contrast, better EF performance was unrelated to average daily self-regulation failures, and was unexpectedly associated with more frequent diabetes problems in year 2. Equally across years, on days participants reported lower than their average levels of daily self-regulation failures, they had fewer diabetes problems, regardless of EF. On days with lower than average diabetes problems, participants reported better diabetes management indicators. EF generally did not buffer daily associations in either year. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of EF, promoting daily self-regulation may prevent diabetes problems and promote T1D management in daily life at this high-risk transitional time.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03f4h7d5Test

المؤلفون: Stenling, Andreas, 1982, Quensell, Jordan, Kaur, Navjyot, Machado, Liana

المصدر: Journal of Cognitive Enhancement.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Affect, Cognition, Executive functioning, Interval training, Physical activity

الوصف: Although stair-climbing intervals provide a simple mode of physical activity that can be easily carried out in naturalistic settings and incorporated into the daily lives of a significant proportion of the global population, addressing physical inactivity issues, very little research has focused on the psychological benefits of stair climbing. To address this, the current prospectively registered randomized controlled crossover trial tested whether brief bouts of stair climbing (6 × 1 min intervals) elicit immediate subsequent improvements in cognitive performance and mood in a sample of healthy young adults (final sample: n = 52, 50% female, age range 18–24 years), with consideration of sex, physical activity habits, and exercise intensity as potentially relevant variables. Compared to a no-exercise control session, following the stair climbing participants exhibited superior cognitive switching performance and reported feeling more energetic and happy. In addition, linear regression analyses linked higher stair-climbing intensity (indicated by heart-rate data) to faster response latencies. None of the effects depended on sex or physical activity habits, which implies that males and females can benefit irrespective of their current physical activity habits. Collectively, these results demonstrate that interval stair climbing can confer immediate psychological benefits, providing further evidence in support of stair climbing as a promising means to address physical inactivity issues. TRN: ACTRN12619000484145, Date of registration: 25/03/2019.

وصف الملف: electronic

الوصول الحر: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-223253Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-024-00294-1Test
https://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1852437/FULLTEXT01.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Natasha E. Wade, Kelly E. Courtney, Alexander L. Wallace, Laura Hatz, Joanna Jacobus

المصدر: Journal of Cannabis Research, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cannabis, Emotional functioning, Executive functioning, Age of onset, Sex, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441, Plant culture, SB1-1110

الوصف: Abstract Background Young adults have historically high levels of cannabis use at a time which coincides with emotional and cognitive development. Age of regular onset of cannabis use and sex at birth are hypothesized to influence the relationship between cannabis use and cognition. Here we investigated past 6-month cannabis use in relation to emotional and executive functioning. We further considered age of onset and sex in subgroup analyses. Method Young adults (N = 225; ages 16–22) completed a substance use interview and cognitive battery, including the Emotional Word-Emotional Face Stroop and NIH toolbox executive functioning tasks. Linear regressions examined relationships between past 6-month cannabis use episodes and performance. Subgroup analyses investigated whether age of onset or sex impacted relationships. Results After correcting for multiple comparisons, greater past 6-month cannabis use episodes were related to poorer Emotional Stroop Congruent Accuracy (p = .0004, FDR-p = .002) and List Sorting Working Memory (p = .02, FDR-p = .10) performance. Younger age of regular use onset marginally related to lower Emotional Stroop Congruent Accuracy performance (p = .03, FDR-p = .13). There were no cannabis use by sex interactions on cognition. Conclusions Consistent with prior findings, results suggest small reductions in cannabis-related performance in processing speed during emotional Stroop and working memory tasks. Age of onset was modestly related to Stroop performance, but not sex. Longitudinal studies which detail patterns of cannabis and other substance use are needed to better assess brain-behavior relationships and other factors (e.g., age of onset of regular use, sex) which could influence cannabis-related impairments in cognitive functioning.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2522-5782Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/2d3dc8738e6f4f23a3635058d42cf392Test

المؤلفون: Elizabeth Ahmann, Micah Saviet

المصدر: International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 177-198 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, adhd, coaching, executive functioning, manualized intervention, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Industrial psychology, HF5548.7-5548.85

الوصف: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) poses challenges for affected individuals in varied functional arenas and life domains. Research on specialized ADHD coaching demonstrates benefit across the age span. However, studies of ADHD coaching for adults have only focused on group coaching. We engaged eight expert coaches in an iterative process over five focus group meetings to develop components of a manualized intervention for a coaching engagement for individual adults with ADHD. The resultant guidelines, “ADHD Coaching Engagement: Manualized Intervention” (ACE-MI) offers both best practice guidance for coaching adults with ADHD and a consistent approach to a coaching engagement useful in supporting quality research in the field.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1741-8305Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8a05656eb5ac4eeab0049b66b47edc69Test

المؤلفون: Kaiser, Roselinde H, Moser, Amelia D, Neilson, Chiara, Peterson, Elena C, Jones, Jenna, Hough, Christina M, Rosenberg, Benjamin M, Sandman, Christina F, Schneck, Christopher D, Miklowitz, David J, Friedman, Naomi P

المصدر: Clinical Psychological Science. 11(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biological Psychology, Psychology, Pediatric, Mental Health, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Behavioral and Social Science, Depression, Neurosciences, Mental health, reward sensitivity, executive functioning, age, puberty, mania, anhedonia, Applied and developmental psychology, Clinical and health psychology, Social and personality psychology

الوصف: Adolescence is critical period of neurocognitive development as well as increased prevalence of mood pathology. This cross-sectional study replicated developmental patterns of neurocognition and tested whether mood symptoms moderated developmental effects. Participants were 419 adolescents (n=246 with current mood disorders) who completed reward learning and executive functioning tasks, and reported on age, puberty, and mood symptoms. Structural equation modeling revealed a quadratic relationship between puberty and reward learning performance that was moderated by symptom severity: in early puberty, adolescents reporting higher manic symptoms exhibited heightened reward learning performance (better maximizing of rewards on learning tasks), whereas adolescents reporting elevated anhedonia showed blunted reward learning performance. Models also showed a linear relationship between age and executive functioning that was moderated by manic symptoms: adolescents reporting higher mania showed poorer executive functioning at older ages. Findings suggest neurocognitive development is altered in adolescents with mood pathology and suggest directions for longitudinal studies.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0k31257zTest