المؤلفون: Ommer Dafalla, Saleh A. Eifan, Islam Nour, Alain Kohl, Sultan Alqahtani, Atif Hanif, Zaki M. Eisa

المصدر: Pathogens
Volume 10
Issue 10
Pathogens, Vol 10, Iss 1334, p 1334 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Microbiology (medical), Rift Valley fever virus, Veterinary medicine, abundance, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, C. pipiens, Jazan, biology.organism_classification, Population density, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Infectious Diseases, Close relationship, Vector (epidemiology), Culex pipiens, Medicine, Immunology and Allergy, C. tritaeniorhynchus, Molecular Biology, Relative species abundance, Molecular identification

الوصف: Entomologic investigations were conducted in the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Abuareesh, Al-Ahad, Samttah, Sabyah, Damad and Beash areas by CO2-baited CDC miniature light traps in the Jazan region. Vectors were identified morphologically, as well as COI gene segment amplification and sequencing. The relative abundance (RA%) and pattern of occurrence (C%) were recorded. The presence of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in pooled mosquito samples was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Culex pipiens (C. pipiens) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (C. tritaeniorhynchus) were found with RA% values of 96% and 4%, respectively, in the region. Significant variations in vector population densities were observed in different districts. The C. pipiens was found highly abundant in all districts and RA% value (100%) was recorded in the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Samttah and Damad areas, whereas RA% values (93.75%, 93.33%, 92.30% and 91.66%) were noted in Al-Ahad, Sabyah, Abuareesh and Beash districts, respectively. RA% values for C. tritaeniorhynchus were recorded as 8.33%, 7.70%, 6.66% and 6.25% in Beash, Abuareesh, Sabyah and Al-Ahad areas, respectively. The pattern of occurrence for C. pipiens and C. tritaeniorhynchus was recorded as 100% and 44.4% in the region. Phylogenetic analysis of C. pipiens and C. tritaeniorhynchus exhibited a close relationship with mosquitoes from Kenya and Turkey, respectively. All mosquito samples tested by RT-PCR were found negative for RVFV. In summary, the current study assessed the composition, abundance, distribution of different mosquito vectors and presence of RVFV in different areas of the Jazan region. Our data will help risk assessments of RVFV future re-emergence in the region.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::816248ad469d8ba4918f5ce24f7c4ce2Test

المؤلفون: Atif Hanif, Islam Nour, Saleh A. Eifan, Martin D. Ryan

المساهمون: University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews. School of Biology

المصدر: Water, Vol 13, Iss 2794, p 2794 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Etiology, etiology, T-NDAS, Geography, Planning and Development, Economic shortage, Wastewater, Aquatic Science, Biochemistry, Exposure, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Environmental health, Medicine, Human virome, Maternal health, Microbiome, wastewater, TD201-500, Water Science and Technology, QR355, virome, viral gastroenteritis, Viral gastroenteritis, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, Virome, business.industry, Public health, Hydraulic engineering, Fecal coliform, exposure, business, TC1-978, QR355 Virology

الوصف: Funding: The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through research group no. RG-1441-492. Recycled wastewater is widely used owing to the potential shortage of water resources for drinking purposes, recreational activities, and irrigation. However, gut microbiomes of both human beings and animals negatively affect this water quality. Wastewater contamination is continuously monitored, using fecal contamination indicators or microbial source tracking approaches, to oppose arising enteric infections. Viral gastroenteritis is considered a principal manifestation of waterborne pathogenic virome-mediated infections, which are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Furthermore, acquired enteric viromes are the common cause of infantile acute diarrhea. Moreover, public exposure to wastewater via wastewater discharge or treated wastewater reuse has led to a significant surge of public health concerns. In this review, we discussed the etiology of waterborne enteric viromes, notably gastrointestinal virus infections, and public exposure to municipal wastewater. Conclusively, the early human virome is affected mainly by birth mode, dietary behavior, and maternal health, and could provide a signature of disease incidence, however, more virome diversification is acquired in adulthood. A multi-phase treatment approach offered an effective means for the elimination of wastewater reuse mediated public risks. The insights highlighted in this paper offer essential information for defining probable etiologies and assessing risks related to exposure to discharged or reused wastewater. Publisher PDF

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c748d02914b82ad51e01fbf8561e45cfTest
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/19/2794Test

المؤلفون: Saleh, Eifan, Atif, Hanif, Islam, Nour, Sultan, Alqahtani, Zaki M, Eisa, Ommer, Dafalla, Alain, Kohl

المصدر: Pathogens

مصطلحات موضوعية: abundance, C. pipiens, C. tritaeniorhynchus, Jazan, Rift Valley fever virus, Article

الوصف: Entomologic investigations were conducted in the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Abuareesh, Al-Ahad, Samttah, Sabyah, Damad and Beash areas by CO2-baited CDC miniature light traps in the Jazan region. Vectors were identified morphologically, as well as COI gene segment amplification and sequencing. The relative abundance (RA%) and pattern of occurrence (C%) were recorded. The presence of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in pooled mosquito samples was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Culex pipiens (C. pipiens) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (C. tritaeniorhynchus) were found with RA% values of 96% and 4%, respectively, in the region. Significant variations in vector population densities were observed in different districts. The C. pipiens was found highly abundant in all districts and RA% value (100%) was recorded in the Al-Darb, Al-Reath, Al-Aridah, Samttah and Damad areas, whereas RA% values (93.75%, 93.33%, 92.30% and 91.66%) were noted in Al-Ahad, Sabyah, Abuareesh and Beash districts, respectively. RA% values for C. tritaeniorhynchus were recorded as 8.33%, 7.70%, 6.66% and 6.25% in Beash, Abuareesh, Sabyah and Al-Ahad areas, respectively. The pattern of occurrence for C. pipiens and C. tritaeniorhynchus was recorded as 100% and 44.4% in the region. Phylogenetic analysis of C. pipiens and C. tritaeniorhynchus exhibited a close relationship with mosquitoes from Kenya and Turkey, respectively. All mosquito samples tested by RT-PCR were found negative for RVFV. In summary, the current study assessed the composition, abundance, distribution of different mosquito vectors and presence of RVFV in different areas of the Jazan region. Our data will help risk assessments of RVFV future re-emergence in the region.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::0b6f050d92e0f6fd8570ef5b26edca52Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34684282Test

المؤلفون: Saleh A. Eifan, Ibrahim O. Alanazi, Atif Hanif, Abdulkarim Alhetheel, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar, Islam Nour

المصدر: Scientific Reports
Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Rotavirus, Thermotolerance, Veterinary medicine, Genotype, Molecular biology, Science, 030106 microbiology, Biology, Irrigation water, Microbiology, Article, Rotavirus Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, Virology, Human rotavirus, medicine, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Antigens, Viral, Phylogeny, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetic tree, Environmental microbiology, Genetic Variation, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Fecal coliform, 030104 developmental biology, Wastewater, DNA, Viral, Medicine, Capsid Proteins

الوصف: The routine evaluation of water environments is necessary to manage enteric virus-mediated fecal contamination and the possible emergence of novel variants. Here, we detected human rotavirus A (HRVA) circulating in two wastewater treatment plants, two lakes, irrigation water and a wastewater landfill located in Riyadh. VP7-derived surface protein sequences were assessed by phylogenetic analyses and inspection of thermotolerance-mediated secondary structure and seasonal variation. HRVA was most prevalent at An-Nazim wastewater landfill (AN-WWLF; 63.89%). Phylogenetic analyzes revealed the predominance of HRVA G2 lineage for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, a single HRVA sequence (2B64I-ANLF3/2018) was recovered at 45 °C from AN-WWLF; secondary structure prediction indicated that this sequence was thermotolerant with a high hydrophobicity, an absence of Ramachandran outliers, and a higher content of proline patches on the protein surface. Varied relationships were significantly observed between sampling areas influenced by temperature ranges (p p = 0.01). Our study extends the knowledge of currently circulating HRVA genotypes, and indicates the probable emergence of thermotolerant strains and seasonally mediated HRVA prevalence.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::b899570a480d8d7823dc1ceff9c58236Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8190275Test

المؤلفون: Alvaro-Lozano M., Akdis C. A., Akdis M., Alviani C., Angier E., Arasi S., Arzt-Gradwohl L., Barber D., Bazire R., Cavkaytar O., Comberiati P., Dramburg S., Durham S. R., Eifan A. O., Forchert L., Halken S., Kirtland M., Kucuksezer U. C., Layhadi J. A., Matricardi P. M., Muraro A., Ozdemir C., Pajno G. B., Pfaar O., Potapova E., Riggioni C., Roberts G., Rodriguez del Rio P., Shamji M. H., Sturm G. J., Vazquez-Ortiz M.

المساهمون: Alvaro-Lozano, M., Akdis, C. A., Akdis, M., Alviani, C., Angier, E., Arasi, S., Arzt-Gradwohl, L., Barber, D., Bazire, R., Cavkaytar, O., Comberiati, P., Dramburg, S., Durham, S. R., Eifan, A. O., Forchert, L., Halken, S., Kirtland, M., Kucuksezer, U. C., Layhadi, J. A., Matricardi, P. M., Muraro, A., Ozdemir, C., Pajno, G. B., Pfaar, O., Potapova, E., Riggioni, C., Roberts, G., Rodriguez del Rio, P., Shamji, M. H., Sturm, G. J., Vazquez-Ortiz, M.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Allergy, immune regulation, immunotherapy, tolerance, Administration, Sublingual, Adolescent, Allergen, Animal, Asthma, Biomarker, Child, Preschool, Desensitization, Immunologic, Health Personnel, Human, Hypersensitivity, Injections, Subcutaneou, Pediatric, Pollen, Pyroglyphidae, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Practice Guidelines as Topic

الوصف: Allergen immunotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of allergic children. The clinical efficiency relies on a well-defined immunologic mechanism promoting regulatory T cells and downplaying the immune response induced by allergens. Clinical indications have been well documented for respiratory allergy in the presence of rhinitis and/or allergic asthma, to pollens and dust mites. Patients who have had an anaphylactic reaction to hymenoptera venom are also good candidates for allergen immunotherapy. Administration of allergen is currently mostly either by subcutaneous injections or by sublingual administration. Both methods have been extensively studied and have pros and cons. Specifically in children, the choice of the method of administration according to the patient's profile is important. Although allergen immunotherapy is widely used, there is a need for improvement. More particularly, biomarkers for prediction of the success of the treatments are needed. The strength and efficiency of the immune response may also be boosted by the use of better adjuvants. Finally, novel formulations might be more efficient and might improve the patient's adherence to the treatment. This user's guide reviews current knowledge and aims to provide clinical guidance to healthcare professionals taking care of children undergoing allergen immunotherapy.

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/32436290; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000535219600001; volume:31; issue:25; firstpage:1; lastpage:101; numberofpages:101; journal:PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY; http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1135395Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85085154978

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.13189Test
http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1135395Test

المؤلفون: Steveling, Esther Helen, Lao-Araya, Mongkol, Koulias, Christopher, Scadding, Guy, Eifan, Aarif, James, LK, Dumitru, Alina, Penagos, Martin, Calderón, Moisés, Sejer Andersen, Peter, Shamji, Mohamed, Durham, Stephen R

المصدر: Steveling , E H , Lao-Araya , M , Koulias , C , Scadding , G , Eifan , A , James , LK , Dumitru , A , Penagos , M , Calderón , M , Sejer Andersen , P , Shamji , M & Durham , S R 2015 , ' Protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of grass allergen immunotherapy tablet for seasonal allergic rhinitis: time course of nasal, cutaneous and immunological outcomes ' , Clinical and translational allergy , vol. 5 , no. 43 . https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-015-0087-2Test

الوصف: Background Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis is characterised by inflammation of the nasal mucosa upon exposure to common aeroallergens, affecting up to 20–25 % of the population. For those patients whose symptoms are not controlled by standard medical treatment, allergen specific immunotherapy is a therapeutic alternative. Although several studies have shown changes in immunologic responses as well as long term tolerance following treatment with a sublingual allergy immunotherapy tablet, a detailed time course of the early mechanistic changes of local and systemic T and B cell responses and the effects on B cell repertoire in the nasal mucosa have not been fully examined. Methods/design This is a randomized, double-blind, single-centre, placebo controlled, two arm time course study based in the United Kingdom comparing sublingual allergy immunotherapy tablet (GRAZAX ® , ALK-Abello Horsholm, Denmark) plus standard treatment with placebo plus standard treatment. Up to 50 moderate to severe grass pollen allergic participants will be enrolled to ensure randomisation of at least 44. Further, we shall enrol 20 non-atopic volunteers. Screening will be completed before eligible atopic participants are randomised to one of the two treatment arms in a 1 to 1 ratio. The primary endpoint will be the total nasal symptom score assessed over 60 min following grass pollen nasal allergen challenge after 12 months of treatment. Clinical assessments and/or mechanistic analyses on blood, nasal fluid, brushing and biopsies will be performed at baseline at 1, 2, 3, 4 (coinciding with the peak pollen season), 6 and 12 months of treatment. After 12 months of treatment, unblinding will take place. Those atopic participants receiving active treatment will continue therapy for another 12 months followed by a post treatment phase of 12 months. Assessments and collection of biologic samples from these participants will take place again at 24 and at 36 months from the start of treatment. The 20 healthy, non-atopic controls will undergo screening ...

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13601-015-0087-2Test
https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/b56f00d8-b959-43b6-b9fa-d59485c1eb79Test
https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/45632296/s13601_015_0087_2.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Scadding, GW, Eifan, AO, Lao-Araya, M, Penagos, M, Poon, SY, Steveling, E, Yan, R, Switzer, A, Phippard, D, Togias, A, Shamji, MH, Durham, SR

المساهمون: Wellcome Trust

المصدر: 696 ; 689

مصطلحات موضوعية: Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Allergy, Immunology, allergic rhinitis, chemokine, cytokine, Th2, tryptase, CONTROLLED-TRIAL, LAVAGE FLUID, TIME-COURSE, RHINITIS, SECRETIONS, MEDIATORS, CYTOKINES, CELLS, PROVOCATION, EXPOSURE, Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Bodily Secretions, Case-Control Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Desensitization, Immunologic, Female, Humans, Male

العلاقة: Allergy; http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29641Test; https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.12608Test; 097881/Z/11/Z

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12608Test
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29641Test

المؤلفون: Scadding, G. W., Eifan, A., Penagos, M., Dumitru, A., Switzer, A., McMahon, O., Phippard, D., Togias, A., Durham, S. R., Shamji, M. H.

المساهمون: Immune Tolerance Network, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, Wellcome Trust Clinical PhD Programme at Imperial College London

المصدر: Clinical & Experimental Allergy ; volume 45, issue 3, page 613-623 ; ISSN 0954-7894 1365-2222

الوصف: Summary Background Cat allergen is widely distributed in homes and schools; allergic sensitization is common. Objective To develop a model of cat allergen nasal challenge to establish dose–response and time–course characteristics and investigate local and systemic biomarkers of allergic inflammation. Methods Nineteen cat‐allergic individuals underwent titrated nasal challenge, range 0.243 to 14.6 μg/ mL Fel d1, and matched diluent‐only provocation. Clinical response to 8 h was assessed by symptom scores and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF). Nasal fluid was collected using polyurethane sponges and analysed by ImmunoCAP and multiplex assays. Whole blood flow cytometry for basophil surface CD63, CD107a, and CD203c was carried out at baseline and 6 h post‐challenge. Results A dose–response to allergen was seen in symptom scores and PNIF, maximal at 10 000 BU/ mL (4.87 μg/ mL Fel d1), P < 0.0001 vs. diluent. Nasal fluid tryptase was elevated at 5 min after challenge ( P < 0.05 vs. diluent); eotaxin, IL‐4, ‐5, ‐9, and ‐13 were increased at 8 h ( P < 0.05 to P < 0.0001 vs. diluent); TSLP was undetectable; IL‐10, IL‐17A, and IL‐33 were unchanged compared to diluent challenge. Nasal fluid IL‐5 and IL‐13 correlated inversely with PNIF after challenge (IL‐5, r = −0.79, P < 0.0001; IL‐13, r = −0.60, P = 0.006). Surface expression of CD63 and CD107a was greater at 6 h than at baseline, both in the presence (both P < 0.05) and absence (CD63, P < 0.01; CD107a, P < 0.05) of in vitro allergen stimulation; no changes were seen on diluent challenge day. Conclusions Cat allergen nasal challenge produces local and systemic Th2‐driven inflammatory responses and has potential as a surrogate outcome measure in clinical trials.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.12434Test

المؤلفون: Guy W. Scadding, Alexandra Fedina, Stephen R. Durham, Aarif O. Eifan

المصدر: Allergy. 76:1543-1545

مصطلحات موضوعية: Allergy, Nasal Provocation Tests, grass, Immunology, Provocation test, nasal, Timothy grass pollen, Poaceae, medicine.disease_cause, Allergen, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, IMMUNOTHERAPY, Aqueous extract, Science & Technology, Traditional medicine, business.industry, Allergens, medicine.disease, provocation, 1107 Immunology, Phleum, challenge, Pollen, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, allergen, Tablets

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::12447faed5380f4e3cb37f15e44a3b29Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14590Test

المؤلفون: Saleh A. Eifan, Adel M. Zakri, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar, Atif Hanif, Islam Nour, Abdulkarim Alhetheel

المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 4773, p 4773 (2021)
Volume 18
Issue 9

مصطلحات موضوعية: Serotype, Veterinary medicine, waterborne, type 41, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, prevalence, Saudi Arabia, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Irrigation water, Article, Adenovirus Infections, Human, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, human adenovirus, Wadi, Phylogeny, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, High prevalence, 030306 microbiology, seasonality, Adenoviruses, Human, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, Water, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Seasonality, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Medicine, Seasons

الوصف: The regular monitoring of water environments is essential for preventing waterborne virus-mediated contamination and mitigating health concerns. We aimed to detect human adenovirus (HAdV) in the Wadi Hanifah (WH) and Wadi Namar (WN) lakes, King Saud University wastewater treatment plant (KSU-WWTP), Manfouha-WWTP, irrigation water (IW), and AnNazim landfill (ANLF) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. HAdV hexon sequences were analyzed against 71 HAdV prototypes and investigated for seasonal influence. ANLF had the highest HAdV prevalence (83.3%). Remarkably, the F species of HAdV, especially serotype 41, predominated. Daily temperature ranges (22–45 °C and 10–33 °C) influenced the significance of the differences between the locations. The most significant relationship of ANLF and IW to WH and KSU-WWTP was found at the high-temperature range (p = 0.001). Meanwhile, WN was most correlated to ANLF at the low-temperature range (p <
0.0001). Seasonal influences on HAdV prevalence were insignificant despite HAdV’s high prevalence in autumn and winter months, favoring low temperatures (high: 22–25 °C, low: 14–17 °C) at five out of six locations. Our study provides insightful information on HAdV prevalence and the circulating strains that can address the knowledge gap in the environmental impacts of viruses and help control viral diseases in public health management.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c7a981988ad53ce75f3ecb1af1048bf9Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8125220Test