المؤلفون: M. Natividad Fuertes-Prieto, Esperanza Fernández-Martínez, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, Diego Herrero Alonso, Ana Neira-Campos

المصدر: Journal of Lithic Studies, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 309-326 (2016)

مصطلحات موضوعية: lithic raw materials, carboniferous "black chert, cantabrian mountains, ponga unit, escalada formation, Archaeology, CC1-960

الوصف: A study of the chert nodules found in the Escalada Formation (Carboniferous, Ponga region, Cantabrian Zone) was carried out as a means to characterise a number of lithic raw materials found in several prehistoric sites of the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). This study comprises fieldwork aimed at locating the outcrops and obtaining samples. Some selected samples from two localities were used for both petrological (macroscopic and microscopic analyses from thin sections) and geochemical (X-ray fluorescence and powder diffraction) analysis. The macroscopic study shows a rather homogeneus coloration and a conchoidal fracture although two extreme types of cherts with a variety of intermediate forms can be differentiated according to the matrix composition. The microscopic analysis shows a high heterogeneity in carbonate versus silica percentage and gentle differences in some other features such as type of silica, origin of carbonates, occurrence of organic matter and type of skeletal components. The results of several geochemical analysis suggest that there are not geochemical features neither in the major elements nor in the traces that allows us to clearly distinguish between the analysed samples. All these studies allow us to define the main features of these chert nodules and to establish several types and varieties among them. Those varieties with high percentage of silica and with a more homogeneous matrix are the most suitable samples for knapping. These results together with the study of the geological and geographical location of archaeological sites suggest that the nodules from the Escalada Formation likely were lithic material supply sources used in knapping activities When aiming to demonstrate the use of these materials at archaeological sites the sole macroscopic analysis of the pieces does not suffice; further analyses, such as those involving thin sections, are necessary. The absence of chert from Escalada Formation in some Mesolithic sites in the area was confirmed via these additional analyses.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://journals.ed.ac.uk/lithicstudies/article/view/1421Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2055-0472Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b446d14de01e408aad615b9dd787dcefTest

المؤلفون: Diego Herrero-Alonso, M. Natividad Fuertes-Prieto, Esperanza Fernández-Martínez, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, Ana M. Matero-Pellitero

المصدر: Journal of Lithic Studies, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: chert, radiolarite, database, lithotheque, lithic raw materials, Cantabrian Mountains, Iberian Peninsula, Archaeology, CC1-960

الوصف: This work introduces a comparative collection located in the Prehistory Laboratory at the University of León (Spain) specialised in knappable raw materials, mainly comprising radiolarite and black chert (micro-crypto crystalline quartz), from the western Cantabrian Mountains (north of Iberian Peninsula). A standardised protocol of sample collection and data organisation was developed, which includes the use of several methodologies. First, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for referencing lithic sources. Second, direct observation of the sample for the macroscopic characterization, both de visu and stereomicroscope. Third, petrographic microscopy for a description of main petrological, and palaeontological features, complemented with the identification of the different minerals that make up the samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Forth, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Thermogravimetry – Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) for geochemical and thermal features of the samples. Finally, the results of these analyses were entered in a database. All this information is contributing towards the creation of a physical reference collection specialised in local Palaeozoic formations (mostly from Devonian to Carboniferous) that outcrop in the western Cantabrian Mountains, a region whose potential resource base was previously not very well known. This collection would allow to compare archaeological lithic remains from different sites inside and outside the Cantabrian Mountains.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://journals.ed.ac.uk/lithicstudies/article/view/2926Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2055-0472Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/db831f2621694708a38bc1b542bcc201Test

المؤلفون: José M. Redondo-Vega, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, Javier Santos-González, Rosa B. González-Gutiérrez, Amelia Gómez-Villar

المصدر: International Journal of Speleology, Vol 44, Iss 3, Pp 267-276 (2015)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Geology, QE1-996.5

الوصف: The La Balouta Valley, located in the extreme SW region of the Las Médulas Natural Monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site (León, Spain), is one of the largest gold-mining sites developed by the Romans more than 2,000 years ago when excavating a thick series of red Miocene sediments in the area. The main determining feature of the La Balouta Valley, especially if we compare it with the Sil River Valley of which it is a tributary, is its status of a non-functional valley. It is a dry paleo-valley with a flat bottom and is characterized by limited surface water runoff and the presence of small cavities, channels, and residual karst topography. Variscan structures that form the structural framework of the study area underwent long-term erosion and supported deep sediment accumulation in the area during the Miocene, reaching depths of more than 100 m. A portion of these sediments accumulated over a karst, as indicated by karst channels that exhibit total and locally partial filling with red sediments similar to those mined at Las Médulas roughly 2 km further to the east. The presence of gold particles in one of the sediment samples and the identification of several characteristics common of formations mined by the Romans lead us to deem the La Balouta Valley an ancient paleokarst that was initially fossilized by deposition of red Miocene sediments and subsequently excavated via historical mining activities, which formed its current characteristics. In La Balouta, natural and anthropogenic processes have produced a unique cultural landscape that is reflective of systematic gold mining of sediments on the NW Iberian Peninsula by the Romans.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs/vol44/iss3/4Test/; https://doaj.org/toc/0392-6672Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1827-806XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a56113f2e0914027861a8c471b471c49Test

المؤلفون: Rosa Blanca González-Gutiérrez, Javier Santos-González, Amelia Gómez-Villar, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, Alipio García-de Celis, Martín Cano, José María Redondo-Vega

المصدر: Acta Carsologica, Vol 46, Iss 2-3 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: glaciokarst landforms, glacial geomorphology, karst geomorphology, geomorphological mapping, cantabrian mountains, Petrology, QE420-499, Stratigraphy, QE640-699

الوصف: Landforms resulting from the interaction between paleo-glaciers and karst are studied by using the Sierra de los Grajos (Cantabrian Mountains) as a model. This area contains glacial landforms that have not interested geomorphologists due to their low altitude (Peña Castillo is about 1857 m a.s.l.), the absence of glacial cirques and the scarcity of large moraines. However, the prevalence of groundwater flow and chemical dissolution has favoured the preservation of glacial landforms. Lateral and frontal moraines show three main glacial stages and other minor glacier stabilization phases, with the paleo-ELA oscillating between 1650 and 1760 m. Moraines are combined with depressions and sinks resulting from subglacial karstic drainage. This convergence of forms and processes is an exception in the Cantabrian Mountains, where postglacial erosion has usually eroded the frontal moraines and the proglacial sediments. In the case of the Sierra de los Grajos, despite the underground drainage and preservation of many glacial deposits on karstic landforms, an outwash-plain was formed. These proglacial sediments and others from non-karstified areas filled the depressions of the preglacial terrain located at their edges. The main glaciokarstic landforms have been mapped and a sedimentological analysis of the outwash plain was made in order to reconstruct the glacial dynamics of this area. Key words: glaciokarst landforms, glacial geomorphology, karst geomorphology, geomorphological mapping, Cantabrian Mountains. Glaciokraški relief na območju Sierra de los Grajos v parku Babia in luna (Kantabrijsko gorovje, SZ Španija) Na območju Sierra de los Grajos (Kantabrijsko gorovje) smo raziskovali relief, ki je v preteklosti nastal z medsebojnim vplivanjem kraških in ledeniških procesov. Zaradi nizke nadmorske višine (Peña Castillo je le 1857 m nad morjem) ter odsotnosti velikih moren in krnic to območje geomorfologov do sedaj ni posebej zanimalo. Prav kraški procesi in z njimi povezano podzemno odtekanje so tu omogočili ohranitev ledeniških oblik. Bočne in čelne morene kažejo na tri glavne faze poledenitev in več manjših faz stabilizacije ledenikov z ravnovesno mejo (ELA) med 1650 in 1760 m.n.m. Morene so pogosto vezane na kraške globeli. Glaciokraške pojave najdemo le na tem območju Kantabrijskega gorovja, kjer je sicer poledeniška erozija odstranila čelne morene in proglacialne sedimente. Kljub podzemnemu odtoku in ohranitvi številnih ledeniških sedimentov na kraškem reliefu se je na Sierra de los Grajos oblikoval predledeniški vršaj (sander). Proglacialni sedimenti in sedimenti iz nekraških območij so zapolnili globeli v predledeniškem kraškem terenu. Kartiranje glaciokraških reliefnih in analiza sedimentov predledeniških vršajev sta nam omogočila rekonstrukcijo dinamike ledenika na obravnavanem območju. Ključne besede: glaciokraške reliefne oblike, ledeniška geomorfologija, kraška geomorfologija, geomorfološko kartiranje, Kantabrijsko gorovje, Španija.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/carsologica/article/view/5001Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0583-6050Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1580-2612Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/aca97c89eb07442c919d20bb2ef6ab81Test

المؤلفون: M. Natividad Fuertes-Prieto, Ana Neira-Campos, Esperanza Fernández-Martínez, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero

المصدر: Journal of Lithic Studies, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 117-135 (2014)

مصطلحات موضوعية: chert, iberian north plateau, duero basin, raw materials, lithic artefacts, “cuestas” unit, Archaeology, CC1-960

الوصف: The so-called “Mucientes chert" is a variety that appears in the central area of the Iberian North Plateau, in theDueroBasin. It is widely known in the geological and archaeological literature and its use for knapping was especially important in Prehistory. From a macroscopic point of view it is a nodular chert, with white and very porous cortex, and brown to blackish or beige colour in the inner part. In this work we carried out a more accurate petrographic, mineralogical and chemical characterization of this lithology using SEM, XRD and XRF techniques in samples coming from “Las Canteras” (Mucientes village), a chert outcrop of the “Cuestas” Unit (Vallesian-Aragonian, Miocene Age). Also, we have made a review of its geological occurrence and archaeological distribution areas. It is intended to sketch the delimitation of the geographical area of occurrence taking into account the geological and archaeological references.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://journals.ed.ac.uk/lithicstudies/article/view/785Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2055-0472Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/dd66fa30b0f442a48fdc37051bb28600Test

المؤلفون: Sara Alcalde-Aparicio, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, Manuel Vidal-Bardán

المصدر: The Canadian Mineralogist. 57:47-64

مصطلحات موضوعية: geography, Albite, geography.geographical_feature_category, Paleozoic, Geochemistry and Petrology, Bedrock, Quantitative mineralogy, Geochemistry, Kaolinite, Coherence (statistics), Massif, Gibbsite, Geology

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::2e0c13553cfb7b93f775a52b1c83da9bTest
https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1800036Test

المؤلفون: Esperanza Fernández-Martínez, Diego Herrero Alonso, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, M. Natividad Fuertes-Prieto, Ana Neira-Campos

المصدر: Journal of Lithic Studies, Vol 3, Iss 2 (2016)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 060201 languages & linguistics, Knapping, carboniferous "black chert", Outcrop, Mineralogy, 06 humanities and the arts, Ponga Unit, lithic raw materials, Characterization (materials science), Prehistory, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Cantabrian Mountains, Carboniferous, 0602 languages and literature, lcsh:Archaeology, Carbonate, lcsh:CC1-960, Escalada Formation, Geology, Mesolithic, Conchoidal fracture

الوصف: A study of the chert nodules found in the Escalada Formation (Carboniferous, Ponga region, Cantabrian Zone) was carried out as a means to characterise a number of lithic raw materials found in several prehistoric sites of the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). This study comprises fieldwork aimed at locating the outcrops and obtaining samples. Some selected samples from two localities were used for both petrological (macroscopic and microscopic analyses from thin sections) and geochemical (X-ray fluorescence and powder diffraction) analysis. The macroscopic study shows a rather homogeneus coloration and a conchoidal fracture although two extreme types of cherts with a variety of intermediate forms can be differentiated according to the matrix composition. The microscopic analysis shows a high heterogeneity in carbonate versus silica percentage and gentle differences in some other features such as type of silica, origin of carbonates, occurrence of organic matter and type of skeletal components. The results of several geochemical analysis suggest that there are not geochemical features neither in the major elements nor in the traces that allows us to clearly distinguish between the analysed samples. All these studies allow us to define the main features of these chert nodules and to establish several types and varieties among them. Those varieties with high percentage of silica and with a more homogeneous matrix are the most suitable samples for knapping. These results together with the study of the geological and geographical location of archaeological sites suggest that the nodules from the Escalada Formation likely were lithic material supply sources used in knapping activitiesWhen aiming to demonstrate the use of these materials at archaeological sites the sole macroscopic analysis of the pieces does not suffice; further analyses, such as those involving thin sections, are necessary. The absence of chert from Escalada Formation in some Mesolithic sites in the area was confirmed via these additional analyses.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ea1633ef929c3ff8245acd6668475e29Test
https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.v3i2.1421Test

المؤلفون: Ana M. Matero-Pellitero, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, M. Natividad Fuertes-Prieto, Diego Herrero-Alonso, Esperanza Fernández-Martínez

المصدر: Journal of Lithic Studies, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 060201 languages & linguistics, Paleozoic, Outcrop, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Devonian, Petrography, Prehistory, Radiolarite, Carboniferous, 0602 languages and literature, lcsh:Archaeology, lcsh:CC1-960, Sample collection, Geology, chert, radiolarite, database, lithotheque, lithic raw materials, Cantabrian Mountains, Iberian Peninsula

الوصف: This work introduces a comparative collection located in the Prehistory Laboratory at the University of León (Spain) specialised in knappable raw materials, mainly comprising radiolarite and black chert (micro-crypto crystalline quartz), from the western Cantabrian Mountains (north of Iberian Peninsula). A standardised protocol of sample collection and data organisation was developed, which includes the use of several methodologies. First, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for referencing lithic sources. Second, direct observation of the sample for the macroscopic characterization, both de visu and stereomicroscope. Third, petrographic microscopy for a description of main petrological, and palaeontological features, complemented with the identification of the different minerals that make up the samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Forth, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Thermogravimetry – Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) for geochemical and thermal features of the samples. Finally, the results of these analyses were entered in a database. All this information is contributing towards the creation of a physical reference collection specialised in local Palaeozoic formations (mostly from Devonian to Carboniferous) that outcrop in the western Cantabrian Mountains, a region whose potential resource base was previously not very well known. This collection would allow to compare archaeological lithic remains from different sites inside and outside the Cantabrian Mountains.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::973cc9828397f5e237222b933a3e5400Test
https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.2926Test

المؤلفون: Javier Santos-González, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, Amelia Gómez-Villar, José María Redondo-Vega, Rosa Blanca González-Gutiérrez

المصدر: International Journal of Speleology, Vol 44, Iss 3, Pp 267-276 (2015)

مصطلحات موضوعية: geography, QE1-996.5, geography.geographical_feature_category, QH301-705.5, Geology, Ancient history, Unesco world heritage, Biology (General), Karst, Archaeology, Earth-Surface Processes

الوصف: The La Balouta Valley, located in the extreme SW region of the Las Médulas Natural Monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site (León, Spain), is one of the largest gold-mining sites developed by the Romans more than 2,000 years ago when excavating a thick series of red Miocene sediments in the area. The main determining feature of the La Balouta Valley, especially if we compare it with the Sil River Valley of which it is a tributary, is its status of a non-functional valley. It is a dry paleo-valley with a flat bottom and is characterized by limited surface water runoff and the presence of small cavities, channels, and residual karst topography. Variscan structures that form the structural framework of the study area underwent long-term erosion and supported deep sediment accumulation in the area during the Miocene, reaching depths of more than 100 m. A portion of these sediments accumulated over a karst, as indicated by karst channels that exhibit total and locally partial filling with red sediments similar to those mined at Las Médulas roughly 2 km further to the east. The presence of gold particles in one of the sediment samples and the identification of several characteristics common of formations mined by the Romans lead us to deem the La Balouta Valley an ancient paleokarst that was initially fossilized by deposition of red Miocene sediments and subsequently excavated via historical mining activities, which formed its current characteristics. In La Balouta, natural and anthropogenic processes have produced a unique cultural landscape that is reflective of systematic gold mining of sediments on the NW Iberian Peninsula by the Romans.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::b033a1ff7bbe0825b5f7fe158b7d8d0cTest
http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs/vol44/iss3/4Test/

المؤلفون: José María Redondo-Vega, Rosa Blanca González-Gutiérrez, Amelia Gómez-Villar, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, Martín Cano, Alipio J. García de Celis, Javier Santos-González

المصدر: UVaDOC. Repositorio Documental de la Universidad de Valladolid
instname
UVaDOC: Repositorio Documental de la Universidad de Valladolid
Universidad de Valladolid

مصطلحات موضوعية: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 54 Geografía, Glacial landform, 2506.07 Geomorfología, Geomorfología glaciar, Cordillera Cantábrica, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Glacial geomorphology, 01 natural sciences, Karst geomorphology, Glacial period, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Landform, Geomorfología kárstica, Glacier, Karst, Cantabrian Mountains, Moraine, Outwash plain, Erosion, Geology

الوصف: Producción Científica
Landforms resulting from the interaction between paleo-glaciers and karst are studied by using the Sierra de los Grajos (Cantabrian Mountains) as a model. This area contains glacial landforms that have not interested geomorphologists due to their low altitude (Peña Castillo is about 1857 m a.s.l.), the absence of glacial cirques and the scarcity of large moraines. However, the prevalence of groundwater flow and chemical dissolution has favoured the preservation of glacial landforms. Lateral and frontal moraines show three main glacial stages and other minor glacier stabilization phases, with the paleo-ELA oscillating between 1650 and 1760 m. Moraines are combined with depressions and sinks resulting from subglacial karstic drainage. This convergence of forms and processes is an exception in the Cantabrian Mountains, where postglacial erosion has usually eroded the frontal moraines and the proglacial sediments. In the case of the Sierra de los Grajos, despite the underground drainage and preservation of many glacial deposits on karstic landforms, an outwash-plain was formed. These proglacial sediments and others from non-karstified areas filled the depressions of the preglacial terrain located at their edges. The main glaciokarstic landforms have been mapped and a sedimentological analysis of the outwash plain was made in order to reconstruct the glacial dynamics of this area.
Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (projects CGL2016-76215-R and CGL2015-65569-R)

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4abfc5087846bbee4d0938f9344ed650Test
https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v46i2-3.5001Test