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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Howkins, Joshua, Packer, Simon, Walsh, Eleanor, Kumar, Deepti, Edeghere, Obaghe, Hickman, Matthew, Oliver, Isabel
المصدر: BMC Infectious Diseases ; volume 24, issue 1 ; ISSN 1471-2334
مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious Diseases
الوصف: Background It is not yet fully understood to what extent in-flight transmission contributed to the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to determine the occurrence and extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in-flight and assess factors associated with transmission risk to inform future control strategies. Methods Retrospective cohort study using data obtained from contact tracing of international flights arriving in England between 02/08/2021–15/10/2021. Transmission risk was estimated by calculating the secondary attack rate (SAR). Univariable and multivariable analyses of the SAR by specific risk factors was undertaken, including: number of in-flight index cases; number of symptomatic index cases; contact vaccination status; flight duration; proximity to the index case(s); contact age. Results 11,307 index cases linked to 667,849 contacts with 5,289 secondary cases reported. In-flight SAR was 0.79% (95% CI: 0.77–0.81). Increasing numbers of symptomatic cases (when > 4 index cases compared to one index case aOR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.40–2.44) and seating proximity to an index case (seated within compared to outside of two rows OR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.50–2.22) were associated with increased risk of secondary cases. Full vaccination history was protective (aOR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.47–0.57). Conclusions This study confirms that in-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. There are factors associated with increased risk of infection. Contact tracing identified exposed persons who subsequently developed infection. A targeted approach to contact tracing passengers with the highest exposure risk could be an effective use of limited public health resources.
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Packer, Simon, Patrzylas, Piotr, Smith, Iona, Chen, Cong, Wensley, Adrian, Nsonwu, Olisaeloka, Dack, Kyle, Turner, Charlie, Anderson, Charlotte, Kwiatkowska, Rachel, Oliver, Isabel, Edeghere, Obaghe, Fraser, Graham, Hughes, Gareth
المساهمون: Buchan, Iain
المصدر: PLOS Digital Health ; volume 3, issue 4, page e0000485 ; ISSN 2767-3170
الوصف: Contact tracing was used globally to prevent onwards transmission of COVID-19. Tracing contacts alone is unlikely to be sufficient in controlling community transmission, due to the pre-symptomatic, overdispersed and airborne nature of COVID-19 transmission. We describe and demonstrate the validity of a national enhanced contact tracing programme for COVID-19 cluster surveillance in England. Data on cases occurring between October 2020 and September 2021 were extracted from the national contact tracing system. Exposure clusters were identified algorithmically by matching ≥2 cases attending the same event, identified by matching postcode and event category within a 7-day rolling window. Genetic validity was defined as exposure clusters with ≥2 cases from different households with identical viral sequences. Exposure clusters were fuzzy matched to the national incident management system (HPZone) by postcode and setting description. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to determine cluster characteristics associated with genetic validity. Over a quarter of a million (269,470) exposure clusters were identified. Of the eligible clusters, 25% (3,306/13,008) were genetically valid. 81% (2684/3306) of these were not recorded on HPZone and were identified on average of one day earlier than incidents recorded on HPZone. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that exposure clusters occurring in workplaces (aOR = 5·10, 95% CI 4·23–6·17) and education (aOR = 3·72, 95% CI 3·08–4·49) settings were those most strongly associated with genetic validity. Cluster surveillance using enhanced contact tracing in England was a timely, comprehensive and systematic approach to the detection of transmission events occurring in community settings. Cluster surveillance can provide intelligence to stakeholders to support the assessment and management of clusters of COVID-19 at a local, regional, and national level. Future systems should include predictive modelling and network analysis to support risk assessment of exposure ...
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3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Findlater, Lucy, Pierotti, Livia, Turner, Charlie, Wensley, Adrian, Chen, Cong, Seaman, Shaun, Samartsidis, Pantelis, Charlett, Andre, Anderson, Charlotte, Hughes, Gareth, Hickman, Matthew, Edeghere, Obaghe, Oliver, Isabel
مصطلحات موضوعية: COVID-19, EPIDEMIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, PUBLIC HEALTH, Humans, Contact Tracing, SARS-CoV-2, England, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
الوصف: OBJECTIVE: In September 2020, 15 861 SARS-CoV-2 case records failed to upload from the Second Generation Surveillance System (SGSS) to the Contact Tracing Advisory Service (CTAS) tool, delaying the contact tracing of these cases. This study used CTAS data to determine the impact of this delay on population health outcomes: transmission events, hospitalisations and mortality. Previously, a modelling study suggested a substantial impact. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: England. POPULATION: Individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and their reported contacts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Secondary attack rates (SARs), hospitalisations and deaths among primary and secondary contacts were calculated, compared with all other concurrent, unaffected cases. Affected SGSS records were matched to CTAS records. Successive contacts and cases were identified and matched to hospital episode and mortality outcomes. RESULTS: Initiation of contact tracing was delayed by 3 days on average in the primary cases in the delay group (6 days) compared with the control group (3 days). This was associated with lower completion of contact tracing: 80% (95% CI: 79% to 81%) in delay group and 83% (95% CI: 83% to 84%) in control group. There was some evidence to suggest increased transmission to non-household contacts among those affected by the delay. The SAR for non-household contacts was higher among secondary contacts in the delay group than the control group (delay group: 7.9%, 95% CI: 6.5% to 9.2%; control group: 5.9%, 95% CI: 5.3% to 6.6%). There did not appear to be a significant difference between the delay and control groups in the odds of hospitalisation (crude OR: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.2)) or death (crude OR: 0.7 (95% CI: 0.1 to 4.0)) among secondary contacts. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that the delay in contact tracing had a limited impact on population health outcomes; however, contact tracing was not completed for all individuals, so some transmission events might not be captured. ; LF, LP, AC, MH, and IO acknowledge ...
وصف الملف: application/msword; image/tiff
العلاقة: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/353928Test; https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.99945Test
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.99945Test
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/353928Test -
4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Guy, Rebecca L, Brown, Colin S, Mason, Emily L, Hughes, Helen E, Demirjian, Alicia, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, Anderson, Sarah R, Ready, Derren, Edeghere, Obaghe, Lamagni, Theresa
المصدر: Open Forum Infectious Diseases ; volume 10, issue Supplement_2 ; ISSN 2328-8957
مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious Diseases, Oncology
الوصف: Background Following removal of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) to restrict SARS-CoV-2 transmission in England, large increases above seasonally expected levels of group A streptococcal (GAS) infections and associated deaths were seen, particularly in children, during 2022. Methods Nationwide data from UK Health Security Agency surveillance databases were extracted, including statutory clinical notifications of scarlet fever and laboratory-confirmed invasive GAS infections (iGAS; sterile-site specimens). Analyses compared infection and mortality rates in England for the pre-COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2019), pandemic-NPI (2020-2021), and post removal of COVID-19 NPI (post-NPI; 2022-2023) periods. Results Pre-pandemic, a mean of 2481 iGAS cases (range 2138-2921; 13%-14% < 15y; Figure) per-year were recorded in England (4.4/100,000 population; 95% confidence interval (CI):4.3-4.6). Case numbers fell markedly during the pandemic-NPI period, 1462 iGAS cases in 2020 (2.6/100,000; 7% aged < 15y) and 829 in 2021 (1.5/100,000; 6% < 15y; Figure). Post-NPI cessation, iGAS cases increased to 2892 (5.1/10,000; 24% < 15y) in 2022, remaining high into Jan-Mar 2023 (1361; 21% < 15y). Scarlet fever diagnoses similarly increased, with 54,630 (91.6/100,000; CI: 90.8-92.4) notified in 2022 (England & Wales), the highest number since 1953. In 2022, 339 deaths (< 7d iGAS diagnosis) were reported (case-fatality rate (CFR) 11.7%; CI:10.6-13.0%; 16% deaths were aged < 15y), compared to 214-335 per-year pre-pandemic (8%-10% in < 15y) and 88 in 2021 (6%< 15y). Respiratory virus co-infections were identified in 19% iGAS aged < 15y during 2022, CFR: 19.8%. Post-NPI cessation, strain typing identified increasing dominance of emm1 and emm12 (all ages: 35% and 18%) in 2022, compared with 3% and 2% in pandemic-NPI and 23% and 6% pre-pandemic (all-ages). Conclusion iGAS presentations showed a marked rebound in 2022, most notably in children, with re-emergence ...
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.116Test
https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article-pdf/10/Supplement_2/ofad500.116/53777815/ofad500.116.pdfTest -
5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Bundle, Nick, Verlander, Neville Q, Morbey, Roger, Edeghere, Obaghe, Balasegaram, Sooria, de Lusignan, Simon, Smith, Gillian, Elliot, Alex J
المصدر: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (1979-), 2019 Sep 01. 73(9), 825-831.
الوصول الحر: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26896509Test
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6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Packer, Simon, Patrzylas, Piotr, Merrick, Rachel, Sawyer , Clare, McAuley, Andrew, Crowe, William, Armstrong, Gillian, Green, Leonardo, Findlater, Lucy, Turner, Charlie, Edeghere, Obaghe, Anderson, Charlotte
المصدر: Packer , S , Patrzylas , P , Merrick , R , Sawyer , C , McAuley , A , Crowe , W , Armstrong , G , Green , L , Findlater , L , Turner , C , Edeghere , O & Anderson , C 2024 , ' Mpox in UK households: estimating secondary attack rates and factors associated with transmission, May-November 2022 ' , Epidemiology and Infection .
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7دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Byers, Chloe, Garcia Vilaplana, Tatiana, Boddington, Nicki, Zhang, Xu-Sheng, Charlett, Andre, Elgohari, Suzanne, Coughlan, Laura, Whillock, Rosie, Logan, Sophie, Bolt, Hikaru, Sinnathamby, Mary, Letley, Louise, MacDonald, Pauline, Vivancos, Roberto, Edeghere, Obaghe, Anderson, Charlotte, Paranthaman, Karthik, Cottrell, Simon, McMenamin, Jim, Zambon, Maria, Dabrera, Gavin, Ramsay, Mary, Saliba, Vanessa
الوصف: BackgroundHouseholds appear to be the highest risk setting for COVID-19 transmission. Large household transmission studies in the early stages of the pandemic in Asia reported secondary attack rates ranging from 5 to 30%.AimWe aimed to investigate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in household and community settings in the UK.MethodsA prospective case-ascertained study design based on the World Health Organization FFX protocol was undertaken in the UK following the detection of the first case in late January 2020. Household contacts of cases were followed using enhanced surveillance forms to establish whether they developed symptoms of COVID-19, became confirmed cases and their outcomes. We estimated household secondary attack rates (SAR), serial intervals and individual and household basic reproduction numbers. The incubation period was estimated using known point source exposures that resulted in secondary cases.ResultsWe included 233 households with two or more people with 472 contacts. The overall household SAR was 37% (95% CI: 31-43%) with a mean serial interval of 4.67 days, an R 0 of 1.85 and a household reproduction number of 2.33. SAR were lower in larger households and highest when the primary case was younger than 18 years. We estimated a mean incubation period of around 4.5 days.ConclusionsRates of COVID-19 household transmission were high in the UK for ages above and under 18 years, emphasising the need for preventative measures in this setting. This study highlights the importance of the FFX protocol in providing early insights on transmission dynamics.
وصف الملف: text
العلاقة: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3164784/1/eurosurv-27-15-6.pdfTest; Collapse authors list. Lopez Bernal, Jamie orcid:0000-0002-1301-5653 , Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Byers, Chloe, Garcia Vilaplana, Tatiana, Boddington, Nicki, Zhang, Xu-Sheng, Charlett, Andre, Elgohari, Suzanne, Coughlan, Laura orcid:0000-0002-0300-4950 , Whillock, Rosie et al (show 15 more authors) , Logan, Sophie, Bolt, Hikaru, Sinnathamby, Mary orcid:0000-0001-6212-4672 , Letley, Louise, MacDonald, Pauline, Vivancos, Roberto, Edeghere, Obaghe orcid:0000-0002-4275-6338 , Anderson, Charlotte, Paranthaman, Karthik, Cottrell, Simon, McMenamin, Jim, Zambon, Maria, Dabrera, Gavin, Ramsay, Mary and Saliba, Vanessa (2022) Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in household and community settings in the United Kingdom, January to March 2020. Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 27 (15).
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.15.2001551Test
http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3164784Test/
http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3164784/1/eurosurv-27-15-6.pdfTest -
8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Vivancos, Roberto, Anderson, Charlotte, Blomquist, Paula, Balasegaram, Sooria, Bell, Anita, Bishop, Louise, Brown, Colin S., Chow, Yimmy, Edeghere, Obaghe, Florence, Isaac, Logan, Sarah, Manley, Petra, Crowe, William, McAuley, Andrew, Shankar, Ananda Giri, Mora-Peris, Borja, Paranthaman, Karthik, Prochazka, Mateo, Ryan, Cian, Simons, David, Vipond, Richard, Byers, Chloe, Watkins, Nicholas A., Welfare, Will, Whittaker, Elizabeth, Dewsnap, Claire, Wilson, Allegra, Young, Yvonne, Chand, Meera, Riley, Steven, Hopkins, Susan
المصدر: Vivancos , R , Anderson , C , Blomquist , P , Balasegaram , S , Bell , A , Bishop , L , Brown , C S , Chow , Y , Edeghere , O , Florence , I , Logan , S , Manley , P , Crowe , W , McAuley , A , Shankar , A G , Mora-Peris , B , Paranthaman , K , Prochazka , M , Ryan , C , Simons , D , Vipond , R , Byers , C , Watkins , N A , UKHSA Monkeypox Incident Management ....
مصطلحات موضوعية: monkeypox, human-to-human transmission, preventive measures, /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being, name=SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2739, name=Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2700/2713, name=Epidemiology, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2400/2406, name=Virology
الوصف: Between 7 and 25 May, 86 monkeypox cases were confirmed in the United Kingdom (UK). Only one case is known to have travelled to a monkeypox virus (MPXV) endemic country. Seventy-nine cases with information were male and 66 reported being gay, bisexual, or other men who have sex with men. This is the first reported sustained MPXV transmission in the UK, with human-to-human transmission through close contacts, including in sexual networks. Improving case ascertainment and onward-transmission preventive measures are ongoing.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200422Test
https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/f9eaf176-5a05-44a8-a7c4-1a1f78b81280Test
https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/ws/files/58807185/Vivancos_R._et_al_2022_Community_transmission_of_monkeypox_in_the_United_Kingdom_April_to_May_2022.pdfTest -
9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Smith, Gillian E., Elliot, Alex J., Ibbotson, Sue, Morbey, Roger, Edeghere, Obaghe, Hawker, Jeremy, Catchpole, Mike, Endericks, Tina, Fisher, Paul, McCloskey, Brian
المصدر: Journal of Public Health, 2017 Sep 01. 39(3), e111-e117.
الوصول الحر: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48567212Test
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Boddington, Nicola L, Charlett, Andre, Elgohari, Suzanne, Byers, Chloe, Coughlan, Laura, Vilaplana, Tatiana Garcia, Whillock, Rosie, Sinnathamby, Mary, Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Letley, Louise, MacDonald, Pauline, Vivancos, Roberto, Edeghere, Obaghe, Shingleton, Joseph, Bennett, Emma, Cottrell, Simon, McMenamin, Jim, Zambon, Maria, Ramsay, Mary, Dabrera, Gavin, Saliba, Vanessa, Bernal, Jamie Lopez
مصطلحات موضوعية: Research
الوصف: 178 ; 189
العلاقة: Bulletin of the World Health Organization; 99; https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/340116Test; PMC7941108
النص الكامل