المؤلفون: Marney, Clare¹ (AUTHOR), Reid, Marie¹ (AUTHOR) m.reid@hull.ac.uk, Wright, Bernice¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Eating Disorders. 6/12/2024, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1-13. 13p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *EATING disorders, *EATING disorders in women, *BULIMIA, *BEHAVIOR therapy, *HELP-seeking behavior, *SCHEMAS (Psychology), *EXPOSURE therapy

مستخلص: Background: Schema therapy is promising for people with eating disorders, especially those unresponsive to cognitive behavioural therapy. Complex underlying psychological constructs include dysfunctional schemas and maladaptive modes. This study aimed to explore people living with eating disorders' schema modes and their identification with and understanding of their high scoring modes. Methods: Sixteen women with enduring eating disorders without prior exposure to schema therapy completed the schema mode inventory for eating disorders short form (SMI-ED-SF), then participated in semi-structured interviews discussing their high scoring modes. Interviews were analysed by thematic analysis. Results: All participants scored above clinical concern on at least one maladaptive mode and many scored high on multiple modes, most commonly Demanding Mode, Vulnerable Child and Detached Self-Soother. Qualitatively, four themes emerged: 1) Adverse family environments related to (a) trauma and the vulnerable and angry child and (b) unrealistically high standards; 2) Mode effects on (a) everyday life and (b) disordered eating; 3) Modes are psychologically protective in (a) avoiding emotion by detachment and soothing, (b) people pleasing by compliance and surrender; 4) Help seeking including (a) barriers to recovery from an eating disorder, (b) dissatisfaction with interventions experienced to date, (c) schema therapy as a promising alternative. Discussion: Participants recognised and identified with their high scoring schema modes. After negative experiences with previous interventions, they considered schema therapy to be a promising alternative that could understand and work on their deeper psychological issues. This suggests that schema modes are a promising way of understanding and working with enduring eating disorders. Plain English summary: Maladaptive modes are important in Schema Therapy for eating disorders. They are momentary patterns of thought, feeling and behaviour, triggered by experiences to which people with eating disorders can be oversensitive. In a child mode the person may be inexplicably childish. A coping mode may involve detachment, surrender to others, or perfectionist overcompensation. A parent mode may involve unrealistic standards and demands. There are also two healthy modes of Healthy Adult and Happy Child, which are often lacking in people with eating disorders. In this study women with enduring eating disorders completed the schema mode inventory and then discussed their high scoring modes. Common maladaptive modes were vulnerable child, demanding parent mode and perfectionistic over-compensator. Participants identified with their high scoring modes and thought them useful for self-understanding, so schema therapy is a promising way of understanding the psychopathology underlying enduring eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Dehghan, Mojdeh¹ (AUTHOR) mdehghan@uthsc.edu, Tantbirojn, Daranee² (AUTHOR), Harrison, Janet² (AUTHOR), Stewart, Colette W.³ (AUTHOR), Johnson, Nancy⁴ (AUTHOR), Tolley, Elizabeth A.⁵ (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yanhui H.³ (AUTHOR) mdehghan@uthsc.edu

المصدر: Life (2075-1729). Dec2023, Vol. 13 Issue 12, p2297. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *EATING disorders in women, *HEALTH behavior, *TOOTH erosion, *ORAL health, *PILOT projects, *SALIVARY glands

مستخلص: Background: Chronic stomach regurgitation associated with eating disorders (EDs) poses a high risk for tooth erosion. This study investigated oral health conditions, behavioral patterns, and tooth erosion in women with EDs. Methods: 16 ED and 13 healthy women were enrolled; 14 ED and 10 healthy control subjects completed the study. Subjects completed demographic, medical, oral, and behavioral health history questionnaires. Dental caries status was recorded as Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT)index and the severity of tooth erosion as Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) scores. Saliva was collected for flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity analysis. Results: The ED group had a lower stimulated saliva flow rate and higher DMFT index but no significant difference in BEWE scores compared to the controls (t-test, significance level 0.05). Five of the fourteen ED subjects exhibited extensive tooth erosion, which may have been exacerbated by their tooth-brushing behavior. Conclusions: Although some ED subjects showed extensive tooth erosion in this pilot study, the average BEWE score of the ED group was not significantly different from the controls. Extensive tooth erosion in ED may relate to the low stimulated salivary flow. A larger-scale clinical study is necessary to validate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Wisting, Line¹ (AUTHOR) line.wisting@ous-hf.no, Stice, Eric² (AUTHOR), Ghaderi, Ata³ (AUTHOR), Dahlgren, Camilla Lindvall⁴ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Eating Disorders. 11/24/2023, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1-8. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *EATING disorders in women, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *BODY image in women, *IMPOTENCE, *EATING disorders, *YOUNG women

مستخلص: Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are a group of mental illnesses associated with significant psychological and physiological consequences. Overall, only about one-fifth of individuals with EDs receive treatment and treatment is effective for only about one-third for those who receive care. The development and implementation of effective prevention approaches for those at risk is therefore pivotal. The Body Project is the most effective ED prevention program for at-risk women according to several meta-analyses, but reach is limited since delivery, traditionally, has been in-person. Moreover, peer-led Body Project groups have been reported to produce stronger effects than clinician-led Body Project groups when delivered in-person. This has not yet been examined for virtually delivered Body Project groups. This study therefore seeks to investigate the effect of virtual Body Project groups delivered by peers versus clinicians on ED risk factors, ED symptoms, and prospective ED onset. Methods: Young women with body image concerns aged 16–25 years (N = 441) will be included in the study and randomized to three conditions: (i) virtually delivered Body Project groups led by clinicians; (ii) virtually delivered Body Project groups led by peers; and (iii) psychoeducational control group. Participants will complete assessments at five timepoints over two years (pretest, posttest, 6-months, 1-year, and 2-years). Discussion: Further research is needed to examine approaches to increase the potential for broad implementation of prevention of EDs. The virtual modality of the Body Project could markedly expand the reach for young women at risk. If findings confirm that peers can deliver virtual Body Project groups as effectively as clinicians, this will further enhance the implementation potential. Trial registration: The present study has been registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05993728). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Cascino, Giammarco¹ (AUTHOR) gcascino@unisa.it, Canna, Antonietta² (AUTHOR), Russo, Andrea Gerardo³ (AUTHOR), Monaco, Francesco⁴ (AUTHOR), Monteleone, Alessio Maria⁵ (AUTHOR), Ceres, Rossella⁵ (AUTHOR), Carfagno, Marco⁵ (AUTHOR), Di Salle, Francesco¹ (AUTHOR), Monteleone, Palmiero¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: European Journal of Neuroscience. Aug2023, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p2868-2873. 6p. 1 Chart, 1 Graph.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *EATING disorders in women, *CHILD abuse, *BULIMIA, *ANOREXIA nervosa, *TEMPORAL lobe

مستخلص: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with distinct clinical and biological characteristics in people with eating disorders (EDs). The measurement of local gyrification index (lGI) may help to better characterize the impact of CM on cortical structure. Thus, the present study investigated the association of CM with lGI in women with EDs. Twenty‐six women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 24 with bulimia nervosa (BN) underwent a 3T MRI scan. All participants filled in the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. All neuroimaging data were processed by FreeSurfer. LGI maps underwent a general linear model to evaluate differences between groups with or without CM. People with AN and BN were merged together. Based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire cutoff scores, 24 participants were identified as maltreated and 26 as non‐maltreated. Maltreated people with EDs showed a significantly lower lGI in the left middle temporal gyrus compared with non‐maltreated people, whereas no differences emerged in the right hemisphere between groups. The present study showed that in people with EDs, CM is associated with reduced cortical folding in the left middle temporal gyrus, an area that could be involved in ED psychopathology. This finding corroborates the hypothesis of a 'maltreated ecophenotype', which argues that CM may allow to biologically, other than clinically, distinguish individuals with the same psychiatric disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Imaeda, Miho, Tanaka, Satoshi, Oya-Ito, Tomoko, Uematsu, Mariko, Fujigaki, Hidetsugu, Saito, Kuniaki, Ando, Masahiko, Ozaki, Norio

المصدر: Journal of Eating Disorders; 07/09/2024, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1-12, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: EATING disorders, CARNITINE, AMINO acid derivatives, EATING disorders in women, ANOREXIA nervosa

مستخلص: Background: Secondary carnitine deficiency in patients with anorexia nervosa has been rarely reported. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of carnitine deficiency in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders during refeeding and assess its potential adverse effects on treatment outcomes. Method: In a cohort study of 56 female inpatients with eating disorders at a single hospital from March 2010 to December 2020, we measured plasma free carnitine (FC) levels and compared to those of a healthy control group (n = 35). The patients were categorized into three groups based on FC levels: FC deficiency (FC< 20 µmol/L), FC pre-deficiency (20 µmol/L ≤ FC< 36 µmol/L), and FC normal (36 µmol/L ≤ FC). Results: Upon admission, the patients had a median age of 26 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21–35) and a median body mass index (BMI) of 13.8 kg/m² (IQR: 12.8–14.8). Carnitine deficiency or pre-deficiency was identified in 57% of the patients. Hypocarnitinemia was associated with a decline in hemoglobin levels during refeeding (odds ratio [OR]: 0.445; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.214–0.926, p = 0.03), BMI at admission (OR: 0.478; 95% CI: 0.217–0.874, p = 0.014), and moderate or greater hepatic impairment at admission (OR: 6.385; 95% CI: 1.170–40.833, p = 0.032). Conclusions: Hypocarnitinemia, particularly in cases of severe undernutrition (BMI< 13 kg/m² at admission) was observed in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders during refeeding, a critical metabolic transition phase. Moderate or severe hepatic impairment at admission was considered a potential indicator of hypocarnitinemia. Although hypocarnitinemia was not associated with any apparent adverse events other than anemia during refeeding, the possibility that carnitine deficiency may be a risk factor for more serious complications during sudden increases in energy requirements associated with changes in physical status cannot be denied. Further research on the clinical significance of hypocarnitinemia in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders is warranted. Plain English summary: Carnitine is an amino acid derivative that plays an important role in the promotion and regulation of fatty acid metabolism, and carnitine deficiency is assumed in patients with anorexia nervosa associated with chronic starvation, but there are few reports on this issue. This study represents the inaugural documentation of hypocarnitinemia in severely malnourished patients with eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa. Hypocarnitinemia, particularly in cases of severe undernutrition (BMI < 13 kg/m²) was observed during refeeding, a critical metabolic transition phase. Moderate or severe hepatic impairment was considered a potential indicator of hypocarnitinemia. Although no apparent association with adverse events other than anemia during refeeding was identified, clinical manifestations of hypocarnitinemia may occur when a sudden increase in energy demand is added to a change in the physical condition of the patient group. Further investigation is required to determine the clinical significance of hypocarnitinemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Eating Disorders is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Schönhals, Kristine, Quittkat, Hannah L., Voges, Mona M., Ladwig, Gritt, Holtmann, Friederike-Johanna, Vocks, Silja

المصدر: Frontiers in Psychology; 2024, p1-12, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: EATING disorders, EATING disorders in women, SELF-esteem, BODY image, STRUCTURAL equation modeling, PSYCHOMETRICS, STATISTICAL reliability

مستخلص: Introduction: This study examines the psychometric properties of a German version of the Upward and Downward Physical Appearance Comparison Scales (UPACS and DACS). Methods: A total of 2,114 participants, consisting of 1,360 women without eating disorders (Mage = 25.73, SDage = 6.84), 304 men without eating disorders (Mage = 24.48, SDage = 6.34), and 450 women with eating disorders (Mage = 27.11, SDage = 7.21), completed the UPACS and DACS as well as further questionnaires on appearance comparisons, eating disorder pathology, and self-esteem. Results: Structural equation modeling confirmed the proposed one-factor structure of the original English-language version of the DACS but not of the UPACS. Both scales showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The UPACS and DACS showed the expected correlations with related constructs, indicating acceptable construct validity, with some limitations for women with eating disorders. Discussion: Overall, this study indicates that the German versions of the UPACS and DACS are psychometrically suitable for assessing upward and downward physical appearance comparisons in women and men without eating disorders and women with eating disorders in research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Frontiers in Psychology is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Krug, Isabel, Fung, Stephanie, Liu, Shanshan, Treasure, Janet, Huang, Chia, Felmingham, Kim, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew, McConchie, Olivia

المصدر: PLoS ONE; 5/31/2024, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p1-18, 18p

مصطلحات موضوعية: EMOTION recognition, TRUST, OXYTOCIN, RECOGNITION (Psychology), EATING disorders, LEANNESS, EATING disorders in women

مستخلص: Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the impact of oxytocin on emotion recognition, trust, body image, affect, and anxiety and whether eating disorder (ED) symptoms moderated any of these relationships. Method: Participants (n = 149) were female university students, who were randomly allocated to receive in a double-blind nature, a single dose of oxytocin intranasal spray (n = 76) or a placebo (saline) intranasal spray (n = 73). Participants were asked to complete an experimental measure of emotion recognition and an investor task aimed to assess trust. Results: The oxytocin group exhibited better overall performance on the emotion recognition task (especially with recognising positive emotions), and a decline in state positive affect than the control group at post-intervention. However, these effects were not moderated by ED symptom severity, nor were effects found for state anxiety, negative affect, body image and recognising negative emotions in the emotion recognition task. Conclusion: The current findings contribute to the growing literature on oxytocin, emotion recognition and positive affect and suggest that ED pathology does not moderate these relationships. Future research would benefit from examining the efficacy of an oxytocin intervention using a within-subjects, cross-over design, in those with sub-clinical and clinical EDs, as well as healthy controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Alyami, Seham H.¹ (AUTHOR) 442204326@student.ksu.edu.sa, Alhamdan, Adel¹ (AUTHOR) adel@ksu.edu.sa, Alebrahim, Hanan M.² (AUTHOR) haalebrahim@ksu.edu.sa, Almadani, Ahmad H.² (AUTHOR) ahalmadani@ksu.edu.sa, Aljuraiban, Ghadeer S.¹ (AUTHOR) galjuraiban@ksu.edu.sa, Abulmeaty, Mahmoud M. A.¹ (AUTHOR) mabulmeaty@ksu.edu.sa

المصدر: Journal of Clinical Medicine. Jul2023, Vol. 12 Issue 14, p4563. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *BINGE-eating disorder, *EATING disorders in women, *BODY composition, *ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, *BULIMIA

مستخلص: Women with eating disorders (EDs) often complain of abnormal gastric responses, which may impact their eating patterns and, consequently, their body composition. Binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) have been shown to affect gastric myoelectric activity (GMA), which may provide a basis for the gastric response in this disease population. This study aimed to examine GMA and body composition in patients with an ED compared to age—body mass index (BMI) matched controls. This case—control study included 18 adults diagnosed with BED or BN compared to 19 age—gender-BMI-matched controls. The electrogastrography with water load test was used to measure GMA during fasting and after water loading to satiety. Body composition was measured using a bioelectric impedance analyzer. The results showed that the ED group had a significantly higher water load than the control group and increased percentages of tachygastria times. Comparing the BED and BN subgroups showed differences in body composition status between the subgroups in the form of less fat mass, muscle mass, and total body water in the BN subgroup. In the BN subgroup, fat mass was associated with the average dominant frequency in the EGG. Thus, measuring GMA may be a promising approach to understanding gastric abnormalities in patients with EDs. Therapies targeting improving body composition in women with BED and BN are recommended in future ED management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Matkovic, Helena¹ (AUTHOR), Brajkovic, Lovorka¹ (AUTHOR), Kopilaš, Vanja¹ (AUTHOR) vkopilas@hrstud.hr

المصدر: Behavioral Sciences (2076-328X). Jul2023, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p594. 17p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *EATING disorders in women, *SUBJECTIVE well-being (Psychology), *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, *FAMILY relations, *LIFE satisfaction

الشركة/الكيان: UNIVERSITY of California, Los Angeles

مستخلص: Eating disorders are known as the most lethal mental health conditions, and lately there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of these disorders. The aim of this research was to determine the perceived quality of professional support, the relationship between subjective well-being, loneliness, resilience, and the quality of family functioning, and the possibility of predicting subjective well-being based on knowledge of psychosocial factors in people with eating disorders. Eighty-six women with a diagnosed eating disorder participated in the online survey. The Diener Subjective Well-Being Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Self-Report Family Inventory were used to measure the constructs. Questions were constructed to collect information about the perceived quality and availability of professional support. Results showed lower levels of life satisfaction and flourishing and more frequent negative experiences. Reports of medium levels of loneliness, lower levels of flourishing, and lower perceived quality of family functioning were also obtained. Significant predictors of subjective well-being were loneliness and resilience, while family cohesion was significant in predicting positive and negative experiences and flourishing. These findings can contribute to the recognition of aspects existent prior to the development of the disorder, based on which experts can determine what to focus on in the treatment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Kalpana, Kommi¹ (AUTHOR) kommikalpana80@gmail.com, Khanna, Gulshan Lal¹ (AUTHOR) glkhanna56@gmail.com

المصدر: Nutrition & Food Science. 2023, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p873-880. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *EATING disorders in women, *MENTAL health, *HEALTH attitudes, *MEDICAL care, *T-test (Statistics), *INGESTION

مستخلص: Purpose: The potential problems of Kho-Kho players have been less studied. Considering eating disorders a public health problem, but also in particular for athletes, as it can cause serious health and performance decrements if left unmonitored. This study aims to determine the prevalence of disordered eating attitude and their relationship with mental health among Indian Kho-Kho players. Design/methodology/approach: Fifty-two male Kho-Kho players aged 16–31 years were assessed for disordered eating attitude using Eating Attitude Test (EAT)-26 and mental health using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and t-test were computed to know the difference between positive and negative disordered eating attitude. Findings: The disordered eating attitude was prevalent among 11.5% of players. The players with disordered eating attitudes showed a significantly (p < 0.01) higher score for EAT-26 subscales related to dieting and oral control. Players were involved in binging (21.2%), purging (5.8%), use of laxatives (1.9%), extra exercise (>1 h) (34.6%) and lost >20 pounds of body weight in the last six months (13.5%). Depression, anxiety and stress were higher in the group with a disordered eating attitude. However, a significant difference (p < 0.01) was found only for depression. Research limitations/implications: The disordered eating attitude was present among Kho-Kho Players and linked with depression. Health care service providers are encouraged to monitor and guide the players with disordered eating attitudes to take active measures to ensure optimum health and performance. Originality/value: The present paper provides evidence of disordered eating attitude linked with depression among Kho-Kho players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]