المؤلفون: Nandakumar, Dhruv, Murli, Sathvik, Khosla, Ankur, Choi, Kevin, Rahman, Abdul, Walsh, Drew, Riede, Scott, Dull, Eric, Bowen, Edward

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Computation and Language

الوصف: The increasing reliance on the internet has led to the proliferation of a diverse set of web-browsers and operating systems (OSs) capable of browsing the web. User agent strings (UASs) are a component of web browsing that are transmitted with every Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request. They contain information about the client device and software, which is used by web servers for various purposes such as content negotiation and security. However, due to the proliferation of various browsers and devices, parsing UASs is a non-trivial task due to a lack of standardization of UAS formats. Current rules-based approaches are often brittle and can fail when encountering such non-standard formats. In this work, a novel methodology for parsing UASs using Multi-Headed Attention Based transformers is proposed. The proposed methodology exhibits strong performance in parsing a variety of UASs with differing formats. Furthermore, a framework to utilize parsed UASs to estimate the vulnerability scores for large sections of publicly visible IT networks or regions is also discussed. The methodology present here can also be easily extended or deployed for real-time parsing of logs in enterprise settings.
Comment: Accepted to the International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC) 2023

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.03733Test

المؤلفون: Schuind, Anne, Rees, Helen, Schiller, John, Mugo, Nelly, Dull, Peter, Barnabas, Ruanne, Clifford, Gary, Liu, Gui, Madhi, Shabir, Morse, Rebecca, Moscicki, Anna-Barbara, Plotkin, Stanley, Sierra, Mónica, Slifka, Mark, Vorsters, Alex, Kreimer, Aimée, Didierlaurent, Arnaud, Palefsky, Joel

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, HPV vaccine, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Immunization, Immunology, Prevention, Vaccination strategies, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), women with HIV (WWH)

الوصف: The burden of cervical cancer is disproportionately distributed globally, with the vast majority of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WWH) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer as compared to HIV-negative individuals. HPV vaccination remains a priority in regions with a high burden of cervical cancer and high HIV prevalence. With HPV vaccines becoming more accessible, optimal use beyond the initial World Health Organization-recommended target population of 9 to 14-year-old girls is an important question. In March 2022, a group of experts in epidemiology, immunology, and vaccinology convened to discuss the state-of-the-science of HPV vaccination in WWH. This report summarizes the proceedings: review of HIV epidemiology and its intersection with cervical cancer burden, immunology, HPV vaccination including reduced-dose schedules and experience with other vaccines in people with HIV (PWH), HPV vaccination strategies and knowledge gaps, and outstanding research questions. Studies of HPV vaccine effectiveness among WWH, including duration of protection, are limited. Until data from ongoing research is available, the current recommendation for WWH remains for a multi-dose HPV vaccination regimen. A focus of the discussion included the potential impact of HIV acquisition following HPV vaccination. With no data currently existing for HPV vaccines and limited information from non-HPV vaccines, this question requires further research. Implementation research on optimal HPV vaccine delivery approaches for WWH and other priority populations is also urgently needed.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qj278pmTest

المؤلفون: Elena Maker Castro, Brandon D. Dull, Chantay Jones, Johnny Rivera

المصدر: Youth, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 582-605 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: adolescents, sociopolitical development, life-course health development, opportunity structures, youth programming, sustaining practices, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, HT101-395

الوصف: In the late 1970s, adolescents in East Harlem, New York, participated in a program called the Youth Action Program where they worked collectively to address systemic issues causing inequities in their communities (e.g., inequities in housing and education). In the current study, we integrate the sociopolitical development framework with life-course health development to explore how participation in the program shaped adolescents’ skills and capacities for social transformation in ways that were health-promotive and informative for life trajectories. Data included retrospective interviews and member-checking focus group data of 10 former Youth Action Program members (current Mage = 63; 45% female; 55% male) from predominantly Black and Latinx backgrounds. We used reflexive thematic analysis and adopted a case study approach to highlight how participants’ adolescent experiences of sociopolitical development and resistance against oppressive circumstances propelled healthy life-course development. Specifically, participants were able to establish healthy lives through four health-promotive sociopolitical developmental processes: questioning the system not the self; carving out alternative spaces and pathways; building agency in a dehumanizing society; and finding purpose through committing to social change. Our study suggests that contemporary youth organizing programs can incorporate sustaining practices including the careful vetting and training of adult staff, pursuing tangible opportunities to create change, and embedding youth voice and leadership into programmatic structures to encourage healthy development via sociopolitical development.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2673-995X/4/2/40Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2673-995XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9b2e9678311148a4a94bc96ebcabbfe0Test

المؤلفون: S. Kutterolf, M. Brenner, R. A. Dull, A. Freundt, J. Kallmeyer, S. Krastel, S. Katsev, E. Lebas, A. Meyer, L. Pérez, J. Rausch, A. Saballos, A. Schwalb, W. Strauch

المصدر: Scientific Drilling, Vol 32, Pp 73-84 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Geology, QE1-996.5

الوصف: An international, multidisciplinary research group is proposing the “NICA-BRIDGE” drilling project, within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). The project goal is to conduct scientific drilling in Lake Nicaragua and Lake Managua (Nicaragua, Central America) to obtain long lacustrine sediment records to (a) extend the neotropical paleoclimate record back to the Pliocene, making it one of the longest continental tropical climate archives in the world, and to (b) provide geological data on the long-term complex interplay among tectonics, volcanism, sea-level dynamics, climate change, and biosphere. The lakes are the two largest in Central America, and they are located in a trench-parallel half graben that hosts the volcanic front, which developed during or prior to the Pliocene, as a consequence of subduction-related tectonic activity. The lakes are uniquely suited for multidisciplinary scientific investigation as their long, continuous sediment records (several Myr) will facilitate the study of (1) terrestrial and marine basin development at the southern Central American margin, (2) alternating lacustrine and marine environments in response to tectonic and climatic changes, (3) the longest record of tropical climate proxies, (4) the evolution of (and transition between) the Miocene to Pliocene/Pleistocene and Pleistocene to present volcanic arcs, which were separated by slab rollback, (5) the significance of the lakes as hot spots for endemism, and (6) the Great American Biotic Interchange at this strategic location, i.e., the N–S and reverse migration of fauna after the land bridge between the Americas was established. The planned ICDP project offers an opportunity to explore these topics through continent-based seismological, volcanological, paleoclimatological, paleoecological, and paleoenvironmental studies, combined with an International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) drill project to explore its oceanic continuation. In preparation of this drilling project, an ICDP workshop was held in Montelimar, Nicaragua, on 2–5 March 2020 to develop drilling strategies and refine scientific questions, objectives, and hypotheses. The workshop was organized and hosted by the principal investigators and the Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER), with funding from the ICDP. Forty-five researchers from 12 countries participated in the workshop, including representatives from ICDP. During the workshop, previous research data on the study lakes, including new recent surveys, were reviewed, and a three-phase strategy for the proposed research was developed. The aim of Phase 0 is to complement the pre-site surveys where we identified the need for further data. In Phase I, with ICDP support, we will obtain sediment cores ∼ 100 m long, which will allow us to investigate many of the scientific questions. Based on the data from those drill cores, coring locations will be identified for a future Phase II, which we envisage as a combined ICDP/IODP project to collect deep drill cores in the lakes and the offshore Sandino Basin in order to extend Phase I results to much deeper time. The Sandino Basin is the oceanic continuation of the depression in which the studied lakes are located, and complementary marine drilling will improve the understanding of the evolution of this complex margin.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://sd.copernicus.org/articles/32/73/2023/sd-32-73-2023.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1816-8957Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1816-3459Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ed8ad407038b47dfbe30425afb081954Test

المؤلفون: Richardson, Noel D., Thizy, Olivier, Bjorkman, Jon E., Carciofi, Alex, Rubio, Amanda C., Thomas, Joshua D., Bjorkman, Karen S., Labadie-Bartz, Jonathan, Genaro, Matheus, Wisniewski, John P., Wang, Luqian, Gies, Douglas R., Chojnowski, S. Drew, Daly, Andrea, Edwards, Thompson, Fowler, Carlie, Gullingsrud, Allison D., Habel, Nolan, James, David J., Kehoe, Emily, Kuchta, Heidi, Lane, Alexis, Miroshnichenko, Anatoly, Mishra, Ashish, Pablo, Herbert, Peploski, Maurice, Pepper, Joshua, Rodriguez, Joseph E., Siverd, Robert J., Stassun, Keivan G., Stevens, Daniel J., Trucks, Jesica L., Windsor, James, Wood, Mackenna, Bertrand, Étienne, Broussat, Jean-Jacques, Bryssinck, Erik, Buil, Christian, Charbonnel, Stéphane, de Bruin, Arnold, Daglen, Joe, Desnoux, Valerie, Dull, James, Garde, Olivier, Graham, Keith, Gurney, Kevin, Halsey, Alun, Fosanelli, Patrik, Fló, Joan Guarro, Houpert, Franck, James, Foster, Kreider, Christian, Leadbeater, Robin, Lester, Tim, Li, Dong, Maetz, Alain, Stiewing, Albert, Somogyi, Peter, Terry, Jean-Noël, Ubaud, Stéphane, Waldschlaeger, Ulrich

مصطلحات موضوعية: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

الوصف: The bright and understudied classical Be star HD 6226 has exhibited multiple outbursts in the last several years during which the star grew a viscous decretion disk. We analyze 659 optical spectra of the system collected from 2017-2020, along with a UV spectrum from the Hubble Space Telescope and high cadence photometry from both TESS and the KELT survey. We find that the star has a spectral type of B2.5IIIe, with a rotation rate of 74% of critical. The star is nearly pole-on with an inclination of $13.4$ degree. We confirm the spectroscopic pulsational properties previously reported, and report on three photometric oscillations from KELT photometry. The outbursting behavior is studied with equivalent width measurements of H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$, and the variations in both of these can be quantitatively explained with two frequencies through a Fourier analysis. One of the frequencies for the emission outbursts is equal to the difference between two photometric oscillations, linking these pulsation modes to the mass ejection mechanism for some outbursts. During the TESS observation time period of 2019 October 7 to 2019 November 2, the star was building a disk. With a large dataset of H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ spectroscopy, we are able to determine the timescales of dissipation in both of these lines, similar to past work on Be stars that has been done with optical photometry. HD 6226 is an ideal target with which to study the Be disk-evolution given its apparent periodic nature, allowing for targeted observations with other facilities in the future.
Comment: 48 pages including appendices, accepted to MNRAS. MNRAS online version has a 3D printed dynamical spectrum in the appendix. Contact for this section (due to size limitations)

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.11026Test

المؤلفون: Liu, Y., Chaparro, F. J., Gray, Z., Gaumer, J., Cybyk, D. B., Ross, L., Gosser, P., Tian, Z., Jia, Y., Dull, T., Yarin, A. L., Lannutti, J. J.

المصدر: Polymer 232 (2021) 124120

مصطلحات موضوعية: Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science

الوصف: Porosity variations in tubular scaffolds are critical to reproducible, sophisticated applications of electrospun fibers in biomedicine. Established laser micrometry techniques produced ~14,000 datapoints enabling thickness and porosity plots versus both the azimuthal (Phi) and axial (Z) directions following cylindrical mandrel deposition. These 3D datasets could then be "unrolled" into "maps" revealing variations in thickness and porosity versus 0, -5, and -15 kV collector bias. As bias increases, thinner, more "focused" depositions occur. Simultaneous decreases in net porosity versus bias (91.1% 0kV > 83.4% -5kV > 80.2% -15 kV) are sensible, but significant changes in the distribution were unexpected. Surprisingly, at 0 kV, extensive mesoscale surface roughness is evident. Optical profilometry revealed unique features ~1600-420 mum in size, standing ~210 mum above the surrounding surface. These shrink to only ~440-150 mum in size and ~30 mum higher at -5 kV bias and disappear entirely at -15 kV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) resolved these into novel, localized "domains" containing tightly aligned fibers oriented parallel to the mandrel axis. Unexpectedly, we also observed substantial orientation along the mandrel axis. By modifying classical bending instability models to incorporate cylindrical electric fields, simulation revealed that horizontal components in the modified electric field alter bending loop shape, causing the observed alignment. This provides a new, easily utilized tool enabling facile, efficient tuning of orientation.
Comment: Submitted to Polymer, after minor revision

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.08403Test

المؤلفون: Castro, Elena Maker, Dull, Brandon, Hoyt, Lindsay T, Cohen, Alison K

المصدر: Journal of Community Psychology. 50(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Clinical and Health Psychology, Psychology, Pediatric, Mind and Body, Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Adolescent, COVID-19, Consciousness, Female, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Students, anxiety, critical consciousness, emerging adults, hopefulness, well-being, Developmental & Child Psychology, Public health, Applied and developmental psychology, Social and personality psychology

الوصف: Critical consciousness (CC) may promote well-being, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a national survey of 707 college students conducted in April 2020, we first validated the Short Critical Consciousness Scale (ShoCCS) among youth groups not often specifically examined in CC measurement (i.e., Asian, immigrant-origin, LGBQ+, and women youth). Next, we examined associations between ShoCCS subscales and validated measures of both anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and hopefulness (The Individual-Differences Measure in Hopefulness). The ShoCCS achieved measurement invariance across racial/ethnic groups and immigrant-origin status, and partial invariance among LGBQ+ and women-identifying youth. We found critical reflection and action associated with anxiety for the full sample, but no evidence of moderation by sociodemographic factors. ShoCCS subscales were differentially associated with hopefulness for Asian youth and LGBQ+ youth. This study contributes to the evolution of CC measurement and extends the field by identifying well-being associations during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pz8r8p3Test

المؤلفون: Randal O. Dull, Robert G. Hahn

المصدر: Critical Care, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9

الوصف: Abstract Fluid normally exchanges freely between the plasma and interstitial space and is returned primarily via the lymphatic system. This balance can be disturbed by diseases and medications. In inflammatory disease states, such as sepsis, the return flow of fluid from the interstitial space to the plasma seems to be very slow, which promotes the well-known triad of hypovolemia, hypoalbuminemia, and peripheral edema. Similarly, general anesthesia, for example, even without mechanical ventilation, increases accumulation of infused crystalloid fluid in a slowly equilibrating fraction of the extravascular compartment. Herein, we have combined data from fluid kinetic trials with previously unconnected mechanisms of inflammation, interstitial fluid physiology and lymphatic pathology to synthesize a novel explanation for common and clinically relevant examples of circulatory dysregulation. Experimental studies suggest that two key mechanisms contribute to the combination of hypovolemia, hypoalbuminemia and edema; (1) acute lowering of the interstitial pressure by inflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 and, (2) nitric oxide-induced inhibition of intrinsic lymphatic pumping.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1364-8535Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/455183ae61dd411a8ac5dd0ac28b349fTest

المؤلفون: Robert Underly, Gary M Dull, Evan Nudi, Timothy Pionk, Kristen Prevette, Jeffrey Smith

المصدر: JMIR Formative Research, Vol 7, p e49876 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine

الوصف: BackgroundOver the last decade, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs) has risen, whereas studies that describe how consumers use these products have been limited. Most studies related to ENDS use have involved study designs focused on use in a central location environment or attempted to measure use outcomes through subjective self-reported end points. The development of accurate and reliable tools to collect data in a naturalistic real-world environment is necessary to capture the complexities of ENDS use. Using connected devices in a real-world setting provides a convenient and objective approach to collecting behavioral outcomes with ENDS. ObjectiveThe Product Use and Behavior instrument was developed and used to capture the use of the Vuse Solo ENDS in an ambulatory setting to best replicate real-world use behavior. This study aims to determine overall mean values for topography outcomes while also providing a definition for an ENDS use session. MethodsA prospective ambulatory clinical study was performed with the Product Use and Behavior instrument. Participants (n=75) were aged between 21 and 60 years, considered in good health, and were required to be established regular users of ENDSs. To better understand use behavior within the population, the sample was sorted into percentiles with bins based on daily puff counts. To frame these data in the relevant context, they were binned into low-, moderate-, and high-use categories (10th to 40th, 40th to 70th, and 70th to 100th percentiles, respectively), with the low-use group representing the nonintense category, the high-use group representing the intense category, and the moderate-use group being reflective of the average consumer. ResultsParticipants with higher daily use took substantially more puffs per use session (6.71 vs 4.40) and puffed more frequently (interpuff interval: 32.78 s vs 61.66 s) than participants in the low-use group. Puff duration remained consistent across the low-, moderate‑, and high-use groups (2.10 s, 2.18 s, and 2.19 s, respectively). The moderate-use group had significantly shorter session lengths (P

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://formative.jmir.org/2023/1/e49876Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2561-326XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7f5115f062804123af523f7dbec65f0bTest

المؤلفون: Anne E. Schuind, Helen Rees, John Schiller, Nelly Mugo, Peter Dull, Ruanne Barnabas, Gary M. Clifford, Gui Liu, Shabir A. Madhi, Rebecca B. Morse, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, Joel M. Palefsky, Stanley Plotkin, Mónica S. Sierra, Mark K. Slifka, Alex Vorsters, Aimée R. Kreimer, Arnaud M. Didierlaurent

المصدر: Preventive Medicine Reports, Vol 35, Iss , Pp 102331- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), women with HIV (WWH), Epidemiology, Immunology, HPV vaccine, Medicine

الوصف: The burden of cervical cancer is disproportionately distributed globally, with the vast majority of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WWH) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer as compared to HIV-negative individuals. HPV vaccination remains a priority in regions with a high burden of cervical cancer and high HIV prevalence. With HPV vaccines becoming more accessible, optimal use beyond the initial World Health Organization-recommended target population of 9 to 14-year-old girls is an important question. In March 2022, a group of experts in epidemiology, immunology, and vaccinology convened to discuss the state-of-the-science of HPV vaccination in WWH. This report summarizes the proceedings: review of HIV epidemiology and its intersection with cervical cancer burden, immunology, HPV vaccination including reduced-dose schedules and experience with other vaccines in people with HIV (PWH), HPV vaccination strategies and knowledge gaps, and outstanding research questions. Studies of HPV vaccine effectiveness among WWH, including duration of protection, are limited. Until data from ongoing research is available, the current recommendation for WWH remains for a multi-dose HPV vaccination regimen. A focus of the discussion included the potential impact of HIV acquisition following HPV vaccination. With no data currently existing for HPV vaccines and limited information from non-HPV vaccines, this question requires further research. Implementation research on optimal HPV vaccine delivery approaches for WWH and other priority populations is also urgently needed.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221133552300222XTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2211-3355Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9e6e28cc1b1647a5add4ea6a89859f33Test