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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Smucny, Jason, Hanks, Timothy D, Lesh, Tyler A, Carter, Cameron S
المصدر: Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. 8(10)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biological Psychology, Cognitive and Computational Psychology, Psychology, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Schizophrenia, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Mental Illness, Serious Mental Illness, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Mental health, Humans, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Task Performance and Analysis, Cognition, Drift diffusion model, Drift rate, Executive function, Frontal cortex, Psychosis, fMRI, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
الوصف: BackgroundDysfunctional cognitive control processes are now well understood to be core features of schizophrenia (SZ). A body of work suggests that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a critical role in explaining cognitive control disruptions in SZ. Here, we examined relationships between DLPFC activation and drift rate (DR), a model-based performance measure that combines reaction time and accuracy, in people with SZ and healthy control (HC) participants.MethodsOne hundred fifty-one people with recent-onset SZ spectrum disorders and 118 HC participants performed the AX-Continuous Performance Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Proactive cognitive control-associated activation was extracted from left and right DLPFC regions of interest. Individual behavior was fit using a drift diffusion model, allowing DR to vary between task conditions.ResultsBehaviorally, people with SZ showed significantly lower DRs than HC participants, particularly during high proactive control trial types ("B" trials). Recapitulating previous findings, the SZ group also demonstrated reduced cognitive control-associated DLPFC activation compared with HC participants. Furthermore, significant group differences were also observed in the relationship between left and right DLPFC activation with DR, such that positive relationships between DR and activation were found in HC participants but not in people with SZ.ConclusionsThese results suggest that DLPFC activation is less associated with cognitive control-related behavioral performance enhancements in SZ. Potential mechanisms and implications are discussed.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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2دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: Schizophrenia Bulletin. 49(3)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Mental Illness, Serious Mental Illness, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Schizophrenia, Neurosciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Biomedical Imaging, Brain Disorders, Mental health, Humans, Corpus Striatum, Putamen, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reward, Neural Pathways, Prefrontal Cortex, caudate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, drift rate, psychosis, putamen, striatum, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences
الوصف: Background and hypothesisThe neuronal mechanisms that underlie deficits in effort cost computation in schizophrenia (SZ) are poorly understood. Given the role of frontostriatal circuits in valence-oriented motivation, we hypothesized that these circuits are either dysfunctional in SZ or do not appropriately predict behavior in SZ when task conditions are difficult and good performance is rewarded.Study designA total of 52 people with recent onset SZ-spectrum disorders and 48 healthy controls (HCs) performed a 3T fMRI task with 2 valence conditions (rewarded vs neutral) and 2 difficulty conditions. Frontostriatal connectivity was extracted during the cue (anticipatory) phase. Individual behavior was fit using a drift-diffusion model, allowing the performance parameter, drift rate (DR), to vary between task conditions. Three models were examined: A group × condition model of DR, a group × condition model of connectivity, and a regression model of connectivity predicting DR depending on group and condition.Study resultsDRs showed the expected positive correlation with accuracy and a negative association with reaction time. The SZ group showed a deficit in DR but did not differ in overall connectivity or show a valence-specific deficit in connectivity. Significant group × valence × difficulty interactions, however, were observed on the relationship between right dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC)-striatal connectivity and DR (DLPFC-Caudate: F = 10.92, PFDR = .004; DLPFC-Putamen: F = 5.14, PFDR = .048) driven by more positive relationships between DR and connectivity during cues for the difficult-rewarded condition in HCs compared to SZ.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that frontostriatal connectivity is less predictive of performance in SZ when task difficulty is increased and a reward incentive is applied.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: V. V. Dorovskyy, V. N. Melnik, A. I. Brazhenko, A. V. Frantsuzenko
المصدر: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Vol 11 (2024)
مصطلحات موضوعية: decameter S-bursts, duration, drift rate, polarization, coronal inhomogeneity, velocity dispersion, Astronomy, QB1-991, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
الوصف: Introduction: The properties of the S-bursts observed during the storm on 20–21 June 2022 in frequency band 10–32 MHz by the radio telescope URAN-2 are discussed in this paper. The storm was highly populated with other solar bursts, such as Type III bursts and drift pairs. The occurrence rate of S-bursts was very high reaching 60 bursts per minute. All observed S-bursts were characterized by low fluxes with respect to the background radio emission. Thus special processing methods are used to retrieve spectral properties of the bursts. Some individual “long” S-bursts covered the whole frequency band of the URAN-2 radio telescope from 10 to 32 MHz. Such extended in frequency S-bursts were recorded for the first time. 50 extended S-bursts were selected for the further analysis.Methods: The S-bursts dynamic spectra with time-frequency resolutions of 100 ms and 4 kHz as well as single-frequency profiles were used in the analysis. Due to low S-bursts intensities the drift rates were estimated from the time-differentiated dynamic spectra, highlighting the tracks of the bursts maxima. Polarization dynamic spectra were used for measuring the degree and sense of the S-bursts circular polarization. Individual S-bursts tracks were used for instant coronal inhomogeneities diagnostics. Mean S-bursts parameters retrieved from the statistical processing of the set of 50 bursts were compared with previously obtained ones.Results: We concluded that by the mean durations, drift rates, frequency extent and the polarization all observed S-bursts could be divided into two separate groups, the “short” and the “long” S-bursts. The power-law index of the drift rate-frequency dependence averaged over all 50 selected bursts was found to be 1.7. It was shown that sources of S-bursts most likely move through the Newkirk corona with the velocities of 0.06–0.08c. The power-law dependence of the “long” S-bursts durations on frequency in frequency band of 12–30 MHz was obtained. Its index equal to −0.61 appeared to be very close to that for Type III bursts. From this dependence the electron velocity dispersion in the beam, responsible for S-bursts generation was calculated. Its value of 0.02 indicates that the beams, responsible for S-bursts generation are almost monoenergetic.Discussion: It is assumed that non-monotonic appearance of individual S-bursts tracks on the dynamic spectrum reflects density inhomogeneities encountered by the sources on their paths. From the dynamic spectra of such S-bursts the characteristic size and amplitude of these coronal inhomogeneities were detected. From the S-bursts durations and the velocities of their sources the longitudinal sizes of the latter were estimated. It was then shown that the sizes of small-scale coronal inhomogeneities were comparable to those of “long” S-bursts sources. Thus we concluded that individual tracks of the “long” S-bursts can be used for fie diagnostics the coronal plasma at heliocentric heights range from 1.7 to 3.2 Rs, where Rs is the solar radius. On the other hand, these tracks being ensemble-averaged give the information about the long-term large scale properties of the corona.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2024.1403135/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-987XTest
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4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Claudia C. von Bastian, Alice Reinhartz, Robert C. Udale, Stéphanie Grégoire, Mehdi Essounni, Sylvie Belleville, Tilo Strobach
المصدر: BMC Psychology, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Study protocol, Cognitive training, Processing speed, Attentional control, Diffusion modeling, Drift rate, Psychology, BF1-990
الوصف: Abstract Background In recent years, cognitive training has gained popularity as a cost-effective and accessible intervention aiming at compensating for or even counteracting age-related cognitive declines during adulthood. Whereas the evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive training in general is inconsistent, processing speed training has been a notable successful exception, showing promising generalized benefits in untrained tasks and everyday cognitive functioning. The goal of this study is to investigate why and when processing speed training can lead to transfer across the adult lifespan. Specifically, we will test (1) whether training-induced changes in the rate of evidence accumulation underpin transfer to cognitive performance in untrained contexts, and (2) whether these transfer effects increase with stronger attentional control demands of the training tasks. Methods We will employ a multi-site, longitudinal, double-blinded and actively controlled study design with a target sample size of N = 400 adult participants between 18 and 85 years old. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three processing speed training interventions with varying attentional control demands (choice reaction time, switching, or dual tasks) which will be compared to an active control group training simple reaction time tasks with minimal attentional control demands. All groups will complete 10 home-based training sessions comprising three tasks. Training gains, near transfer to the untrained tasks of the other groups, and far transfer to working memory, inhibitory control, reasoning, and everyday cognitive functioning will be assessed in the laboratory directly before, immediately after, and three months after training (i.e., pretest, posttest, and follow-up, respectively). We will estimate the rate of evidence accumulation (drift rate) with diffusion modeling and conduct latent-change score modeling for hypothesis testing. Discussion This study will contribute to identifying the cognitive processes that change when training speeded tasks with varying attentional control demands across the adult lifespan. A better understanding of how processing speed training affects specific cognitive mechanisms will enable researchers to maximize the effectiveness of cognitive training in producing broad transfer to psychologically meaningful everyday life outcomes. Trial registration Open Science Framework Registries, registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/J5G7ETest ; date of registration: 9 May 2022.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2050-7283Test
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Guochun Chen, Fuxin Zhao, Yingjun Zeng, Zhixuan Su, Lida Xu, Chenhe Shao, Chao Wu, Gonghan He, Qinnan Chen, Yang Zhao, Daoheng Sun, Zhenyin Hai
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Sociology, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, state response consistent, highly promising approach, engine turbine blade, 800 ° c, 496 ° c, 200 ° c, state strain tests, film strain gauge, compressive strain testing, temperature piezoresistive film, temperature strain transducer, temperature strain tests, temperature strain testing, temperature strain coefficient, resistance drift rate, poor surface compatibility, pt thick films, conformal pt thick, curved metallic substrate, temperature strain, thick films, curved surface, temperature parameters, oxidation resistance, conformal fabrication, curved surfaces
الوصف: Monitoring high-temperature strain on curved components in harsh environments is a challenge for a wide range of applications, including in aircraft engines, gas turbines, and hypersonic vehicles. Although there are significant improvements in the preparation of high-temperature piezoresistive film on planar surfaces using 3D printing methods, there are still difficulties with poor surface compatibility and high-temperature strain testing on curved surfaces. Herein, a conformal direct ink writing (CDIW) system coupled with an error feedback regulation strategy was used to fabricate high-precision, thick films on curved surfaces. This strategy enabled the maximum amount of error in the distance between the needle and the substrate on a curved surface to be regulated from 155 to 4 μm. A conformal Pt thick-film strain gauge (CPTFSG) with a room-temperature strain coefficient of 1.7 was created on a curved metallic substrate for the first time. The resistance drift rate at 800 °C for 1 h was 1.1%, which demonstrated the excellent stability and oxidation resistance of the CPTFSG. High-temperature dynamic strain tests up to 769 °C revealed that the sensor had excellent high-temperature strain test performance. Furthermore, the CPTFSG was conformally deposited on an aero-engine turbine blade to perform in situ tensile and compressive strain testing at room temperature. High-temperature strain tests were conducted at 100 and 200 °C for 600 and 580 με, respectively, demonstrating a high steady-state response consistent with the commercial high-temperature strain transducer. In addition, steady-state strain tests at high temperatures up to 496 °C were tested. The CDIW error modulation strategy provides a highly promising approach for the high-precision fabrication of Pt thick films on complex surfaces and driving in situ sensing of high-temperature parameters on curved components toward practical applications.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c10866.s001Test
https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Conformal_Fabrication_of_Thick_Film_Platinum_Strain_Gauge_Via_Error_Regulation_Strategies_for_In_Situ_High-Temperature_Strain_Detection/24856067Test -
6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: MAO Yue, SONG Xiaoyong, ZHANG Qinghua, RUAN Rengui, WANG Long
المصدر: Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, Vol 52, Iss 3, Pp 349-356 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: space-borne atomic clock, on-orbit performance evaluation, accuracy, drift rate, stability, Mathematical geography. Cartography, GA1-1776
الوصف: At present, the space-borne atomic clocks carried by major global satellite navigation systems mainly include rubidium atomic clocks, hydrogen atomic clocks and cesium atomic clocks. Compared with BDS-2, one of the important changes of BDS-3 is the application of new domestic space-borne rubidium atomic clocks and hydrogen atomic clocks. Since BDS-3 was officially put into operation, large amounts of data have been accumulated. In this paper, two years of precise clock offset data is used to verify the on-orbit performance of the new domestic atomic clock. And the performances are compared with the mainstream space-borne atomic clocks of GNSS. The long term variation characteristic of BDS-3 atomic clocks are analyzed. It's showed the BDS-3 hydrogen atomic clocks have a smaller drift rate and better stability which close to the performance of Galileo clock, and the performance of onboard rubidium atomic clocks of BDS-3 is improving continually which is up to the world advance level.
العلاقة: http://xb.sinomaps.com/article/2022/1001-1595/20230301.htmTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1001-1595Test; https://doaj.org/article/8d403d8ff7af406194d06bb4ac2e95b6Test
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.11947/j.AGCS.2023.20220100Test
https://doaj.org/article/8d403d8ff7af406194d06bb4ac2e95b6Test -
7دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Viktoriya O. Manyukhina (12539357), Elena V. Orekhova (8447193), Andrey O. Prokofyev (8447196), Tatiana S. Obukhova (12539366), Tatiana A. Stroganova (8447202)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Neuroscience, Physiology, Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, unbalanced neural excitation, psychiatric condition characterized, perceptual spatial suppression, magnetoencephalographic gamma oscillations, inhibitory neuron dysfunction, factors would alter, extreme mood shifts, suboptimal &# 8217, optimal &# 8217, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, control participants specifically, slow drift rate, medium drift rate, gr power suppression, gr power suggests, unaltered gr frequency, drift rate, &# 8216, premenstrual symptoms, gr parameter, gr frequency, control women, visual cortex, predicted severity
الوصف: (DOCX)
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8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Viktoriya O. Manyukhina (12539357), Elena V. Orekhova (8447193), Andrey O. Prokofyev (8447196), Tatiana S. Obukhova (12539366), Tatiana A. Stroganova (8447202)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Neuroscience, Physiology, Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, unbalanced neural excitation, psychiatric condition characterized, perceptual spatial suppression, magnetoencephalographic gamma oscillations, inhibitory neuron dysfunction, factors would alter, extreme mood shifts, suboptimal &# 8217, optimal &# 8217, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, control participants specifically, slow drift rate, medium drift rate, gr power suppression, gr power suggests, unaltered gr frequency, drift rate, &# 8216, premenstrual symptoms, gr parameter, gr frequency, control women, visual cortex, predicted severity
الوصف: (DOCX)
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9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Viktoriya O. Manyukhina (12539357), Elena V. Orekhova (8447193), Andrey O. Prokofyev (8447196), Tatiana S. Obukhova (12539366), Tatiana A. Stroganova (8447202)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Neuroscience, Physiology, Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, unbalanced neural excitation, psychiatric condition characterized, perceptual spatial suppression, magnetoencephalographic gamma oscillations, inhibitory neuron dysfunction, factors would alter, extreme mood shifts, suboptimal &# 8217, optimal &# 8217, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, control participants specifically, slow drift rate, medium drift rate, gr power suppression, gr power suggests, unaltered gr frequency, drift rate, &# 8216, premenstrual symptoms, gr parameter, gr frequency, control women, visual cortex, predicted severity
الوصف: Correlations with p<0.05 (uncorrected for multiple comparisons) are highlighted in bold. (DOCX)
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Viktoriya O. Manyukhina (12539357), Elena V. Orekhova (8447193), Andrey O. Prokofyev (8447196), Tatiana S. Obukhova (12539366), Tatiana A. Stroganova (8447202)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Neuroscience, Physiology, Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, unbalanced neural excitation, psychiatric condition characterized, perceptual spatial suppression, magnetoencephalographic gamma oscillations, inhibitory neuron dysfunction, factors would alter, extreme mood shifts, suboptimal &# 8217, optimal &# 8217, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, control participants specifically, slow drift rate, medium drift rate, gr power suppression, gr power suggests, unaltered gr frequency, drift rate, &# 8216, premenstrual symptoms, gr parameter, gr frequency, control women, visual cortex, predicted severity
الوصف: (DOCX)
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