المؤلفون: Calonge, N (ORCID 0000-0002-2653-6001), Shekelle, Paul G., Owens, Douglas K., Teutsch, Steven, Downey, Autumn, Brown, Lisa, Noyes, Jane (ORCID 0000-0003-4238-5984)

المصدر: Research Synthesis Methods. Jan 2023 14(1):36-51.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 16

Sponsoring Agency: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (DHHS/PHS)

الواصفات: Evidence, Synthesis, Mixed Methods Research, Public Health, Emergency Programs, Intervention, Evidence Based Practice, Grading, Evaluation Methods

مستخلص: Despite research investment and a growing body of diverse evidence there has been no comprehensive review and grading of evidence for public health emergency preparedness and response practices comparable to those in medicine and other public health fields. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to develop and use methods for grading and synthesizing diverse types of evidence to create a single certainty of intervention-related evidence to support recommendations for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Research. A 13-step consensus building method was used. Experts were first canvassed in public meetings, and a comprehensive review of existing methods was undertaken. Although aspects of existing review methodologies and evidence grading systems were relevant, none adequately covered all requirements for this specific context. Starting with a desire to synthesize diverse sources of evidence not usually included in systematic reviews and using GRADE for assessing certainty and confidence in quantitative and qualitative evidence as the foundation, we developed a mixed-methods synthesis review and grading methodology that drew on (and in some cases adapted) those elements of existing frameworks and methods that were most applicable. Four topics were selected as test cases. The process was operationalized with a suite of method-specific reviews of diverse evidence types for each topic. Further consensus building was undertaken through stakeholder engagement and feedback The NASEM committee's GRADE adaption for mixed-methods reviews will further evolve over time and has yet to be endorsed by the GRADE working group.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Calonge, Ned, Shekelle, Paul G., Owens, Douglas K., Teutsch, Steven, Downey, Autumn, Brown, Lisa, Noyes, Jane

المصدر: Research Synthesis Methods ; volume 14, issue 1, page 36-51 ; ISSN 1759-2879 1759-2887

الوصف: Despite research investment and a growing body of diverse evidence there has been no comprehensive review and grading of evidence for public health emergency preparedness and response practices comparable to those in medicine and other public health fields. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to develop and use methods for grading and synthesizing diverse types of evidence to create a single certainty of intervention‐related evidence to support recommendations for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Research. A 13‐step consensus building method was used. Experts were first canvassed in public meetings, and a comprehensive review of existing methods was undertaken. Although aspects of existing review methodologies and evidence grading systems were relevant, none adequately covered all requirements for this specific context. Starting with a desire to synthesize diverse sources of evidence not usually included in systematic reviews and using GRADE for assessing certainty and confidence in quantitative and qualitative evidence as the foundation, we developed a mixed‐methods synthesis review and grading methodology that drew on (and in some cases adapted) those elements of existing frameworks and methods that were most applicable. Four topics were selected as test cases. The process was operationalized with a suite of method‐specific reviews of diverse evidence types for each topic. Further consensus building was undertaken through stakeholder engagement and feedback The NASEM committee's GRADE adaption for mixed‐methods reviews will further evolve over time and has yet to be endorsed by the GRADE working group.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1582Test

المؤلفون: Neimanis, V. P., Reid, John, Wiken, E. B. (Ed B.), Downey, Autumn, Canada. Environment Canada, Canadian Council On Ecological Areas

المساهمون: University of Toronto - Robarts Library

مصطلحات موضوعية: Atlases, Biotic communities, Canada, Ecology, Maps, Phytogeography

الوصول الحر: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/204219Test

المؤلفون: Calonge, Ned, Shekelle, Paul G., Owens, Douglas K., Teutsch, Steven, Downey, Autumn, Brown, Lisa, Noyes, Jane

المصدر: Research Synthesis Methods; Jan2023, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p36-51, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: EMERGENCY management, AD hoc organizations, CERTAINTY, PUBLIC meetings, STAKEHOLDER analysis

مستخلص: Despite research investment and a growing body of diverse evidence there has been no comprehensive review and grading of evidence for public health emergency preparedness and response practices comparable to those in medicine and other public health fields. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to develop and use methods for grading and synthesizing diverse types of evidence to create a single certainty of intervention‐related evidence to support recommendations for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Research. A 13‐step consensus building method was used. Experts were first canvassed in public meetings, and a comprehensive review of existing methods was undertaken. Although aspects of existing review methodologies and evidence grading systems were relevant, none adequately covered all requirements for this specific context. Starting with a desire to synthesize diverse sources of evidence not usually included in systematic reviews and using GRADE for assessing certainty and confidence in quantitative and qualitative evidence as the foundation, we developed a mixed‐methods synthesis review and grading methodology that drew on (and in some cases adapted) those elements of existing frameworks and methods that were most applicable. Four topics were selected as test cases. The process was operationalized with a suite of method‐specific reviews of diverse evidence types for each topic. Further consensus building was undertaken through stakeholder engagement and feedback The NASEM committee's GRADE adaption for mixed‐methods reviews will further evolve over time and has yet to be endorsed by the GRADE working group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Research Synthesis Methods is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Calonge, Ned, Brown, Lisa, Downey, Autumn

المصدر: JAMA ; volume 324, issue 7, page 629 ; ISSN 0098-7484

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12901Test
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2768498/jama_calonge_2020_vp_200149_1597433052.72166.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Downey, Autumn S., Da Silva, Sandra M., Olson, Nathan D., Filliben, James J., Morrow, Jayne B.

المصدر: Applied and Environmental Microbiology ; volume 78, issue 16, page 5872-5881 ; ISSN 0099-2240 1098-5336

الوصف: Environmental sampling for microbiological contaminants is a key component of hygiene monitoring and risk characterization practices utilized across diverse fields of application. However, confidence in surface sampling results, both in the field and in controlled laboratory studies, has been undermined by large variation in sampling performance results. Sources of variation include controlled parameters, such as sampling materials and processing methods, which often differ among studies, as well as random and systematic errors; however, the relative contributions of these factors remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the relative impacts of sample processing methods, including extraction solution and physical dissociation method (vortexing and sonication), on recovery of Gram-positive ( Bacillus cereus ) and Gram-negative ( Burkholderia thailandensis and Escherichia coli ) bacteria from directly inoculated wipes. This work showed that target organism had the largest impact on extraction efficiency and recovery precision, as measured by traditional colony counts. The physical dissociation method (PDM) had negligible impact, while the effect of the extraction solution was organism dependent. Overall, however, extraction of organisms from wipes using phosphate-buffered saline with 0.04% Tween 80 (PBST) resulted in the highest mean recovery across all three organisms. The results from this study contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence sampling performance, which is critical to the development of efficient and reliable sampling methodologies relevant to public health and biodefense.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00873-12Test

المؤلفون: Neimanis, V. P., Reid, John, Wiken, E. B. (Ed B.), Downey, Autumn, Canada. Environment Canada, Canadian Council On Ecological Areas

المساهمون: University of Toronto - Robarts Library

مصطلحات موضوعية: Atlases, Biotic communities, Canada, Ecology, Maps, Phytogeography

الوصول الحر: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/325169Test

المؤلفون: Downey, Autumn S., Graczyk, Thaddeus K., Sullivan, David J.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Original research

الوصف: Objectives To assess the in vitro activity of the FDA-approved antihelminthic drug pyrvinium pamoate against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis . Methods A head-to-head comparison of a standard radiolabelled thymidine incorporation assay and the SYBR Green I-based fluorescence assay for determination of in vitro inhibition by pyrvinium and metronidazole was performed. Results The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) for treatment of E. histolytica with pyrvinium was 4–5 µM for both assays compared with 1–2 µM for metronidazole. For pyrvinium treatment of G. intestinalis , an IC 50 of ∼12 µM was determined by the radiolabelled thymidine assay alone, with maximum inhibition around 60%. In contrast, the IC 50 for metronidazole treatment using this assay was ∼2 µM. Conclusions Pyrvinium is a potential gut lumen agent for treatment of intestinal amoebiasis, but possibly not for giardiasis. SYBR Green I is an alternative screening method for E. histolytica , but not G. intestinalis .

وصف الملف: text/html

العلاقة: http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/dkp296v1Test; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkp296Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkp296Test
http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/dkp296v1Test

المؤلفون: Downey, Autumn S., Delaney, Lisa J., Morrow, Jayne B.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.nsrds.164Test

المؤلفون: Downey, Autumn S., Chong, Curtis R., Graczyk, Thaddeus K., Sullivan, David J.

المصدر: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ; volume 52, issue 9, page 3106-3112 ; ISSN 0066-4804 1098-6596

الوصف: No effective approved drug therapy exists for Cryptosporidium infection of immunocompromised patients. Here we investigated the nonabsorbed anthelmintic drug pyrvinium pamoate for inhibition of the growth of the intestinal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum . The concentration of pyrvinium that effected 50% growth inhibition in human enterocytic HCT-8 cells by a quantitative alkaline phosphatase immunoassay was 354 nM. For comparison, in the same assay, 50% growth inhibition was obtained with 711 μM paromomycin or 27 μM chloroquine. We used a neonatal mouse model to measure the anti- Cryptosporidium activity of pyrvinium pamoate in vivo. Beginning 3 days after infection, pyrvinium at 5 or 12.5 mg/kg of body weight/day was administered to the treatment group mice for 4 or 6 consecutive days. Nine days after infection, the mice were sacrificed, and drug efficacy was determined by comparing the numbers of oocysts in the fecal smears of treated versus untreated mice. The intensities of trophozoite infection in the ileocecal intestinal regions were also compared using hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained histological slides. We observed a >90% reduction in infection intensity in pyrvinium-treated mice relative to that in untreated controls, along with a substantial reduction in tissue pathology. Based on these results, pyrvinium pamoate is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00207-08Test