المؤلفون: Buket Engin, Scott A. Willis, Sundus Malaikah, Jack A. Sargeant, David J. Stensel, Charlotte Jelleyman, Gaël Ennequin, Guruprasad P. Aithal, Thomas Yates, James A. King

المصدر: Livers, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 51-62 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: hepatokines, physical activity, insulin sensitivity, diabetes, leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: The hepatokine leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) promotes insulin resistance and hepatic fibrogenesis. In rodents, acute exercise suppresses circulating LECT2; however, human data are lacking. This study compared circulating LECT2 across populations and explored whether acute exercise impacts circulating LECT2. In Part A (n = 43), data were pooled from three experimental studies, regarding the following groups: healthy individuals, individuals with impaired glycaemic regulation (IGR), and individuals with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (T2DM-MASLD). Generalised linear models assessed differences in circulating LECT2 among groups. Part B (n = 20) involved exercise (30 min, 65% peak oxygen uptake) and control (resting) trials in the healthy and IGR groups. Circulating LECT2 was measured before and at 0, 1, 2 and 3 h post-exercise. Generalised estimating equations assessed differences in LECT2 responses to the trials among groups. In Part A, circulating LECT2 levels were 28.7% and 37.3% higher in the IGR and T2DM-MASLD groups, vs. healthy individuals (p ≤ 0.038), with BMI identified as the main predictor (p = 0.008). In Part B, average circulating LECT2 levels were 6.3% higher after exercise vs. in the control (p < 0.001), with similar responses between groups (p = 0.829). In the combined cohort, circulating LECT2 levels were elevated 1–3 h after exercise vs. control (p ≤ 0.009). LECT2 is elevated in people with dysglycaemia, with BMI as a leading predictor. Contrary to previous rodent work, acute exercise augments, rather than suppresses, circulating LECT2 in humans.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4389/4/1/5Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2673-4389Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1c315349fd8b457ea12957408109a71aTest

المؤلفون: Tatiana Plekhanova, Alex V. Rowlands, Rachael A. Evans, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Nicolette C. Bishop, Charlotte E. Bolton, James D. Chalmers, Melanie J. Davies, Enya Daynes, Paddy C. Dempsey, Annemarie B. Docherty, Omer Elneima, Neil J. Greening, Sharlene A. Greenwood, Andrew P. Hall, Victoria C. Harris, Ewen M. Harrison, Joseph Henson, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Kamlesh Khunti, Olivia C. Leavy, Nazir I. Lone, Michael Marks, Ben Maylor, Hamish J. C. McAuley, Claire M. Nolan, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K. Quint, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Jack A. Sargeant, Ruth M. Saunders, Marco Sereno, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Michael Steiner, David J. Stensel, Louise V. Wain, Julie Whitney, Dan G. Wootton, Christopher E. Brightling, William D-C. Man, Sally J. Singh, Tom Yates, Writing group (on behalf of the PHOSP-COVID Collaborative Group)

المصدر: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Accelerometer, Long COVID, MVPA, Sleep timing, PHOSP-COVID, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Abstract Background The number of individuals recovering from severe COVID-19 is increasing rapidly. However, little is known about physical behaviours that make up the 24-h cycle within these individuals. This study aimed to describe physical behaviours following hospital admission for COVID-19 at eight months post-discharge including associations with acute illness severity and ongoing symptoms. Methods One thousand seventy-seven patients with COVID-19 discharged from hospital between March and November 2020 were recruited. Using a 14-day wear protocol, wrist-worn accelerometers were sent to participants after a five-month follow-up assessment. Acute illness severity was assessed by the WHO clinical progression scale, and the severity of ongoing symptoms was assessed using four previously reported data-driven clinical recovery clusters. Two existing control populations of office workers and individuals with type 2 diabetes were comparators. Results Valid accelerometer data from 253 women and 462 men were included. Women engaged in a mean ± SD of 14.9 ± 14.7 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), with 12.1 ± 1.7 h/day spent inactive and 7.2 ± 1.1 h/day asleep. The values for men were 21.0 ± 22.3 and 12.6 ± 1.7 h /day and 6.9 ± 1.1 h/day, respectively. Over 60% of women and men did not have any days containing a 30-min bout of MVPA. Variability in sleep timing was approximately 2 h in men and women. More severe acute illness was associated with lower total activity and MVPA in recovery. The very severe recovery cluster was associated with fewer days/week containing continuous bouts of MVPA, longer total sleep time, and higher variability in sleep timing. Patients post-hospitalisation with COVID-19 had lower levels of physical activity, greater sleep variability, and lower sleep efficiency than a similarly aged cohort of office workers or those with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions Those recovering from a hospital admission for COVID-19 have low levels of physical activity and disrupted patterns of sleep several months after discharge. Our comparative cohorts indicate that the long-term impact of COVID-19 on physical behaviours is significant.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1479-5868Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/bb42c9910e0b47d5b3c217c0dc21f500Test

المؤلفون: Zhuoxiu Jin, Alice E. Thackray, James A. King, Kevin Deighton, Melanie J. Davies, David J. Stensel

المصدر: Sensors, Vol 23, Iss 17, p 7417 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: continuous glucose monitoring, blood glucose, agreement, glycaemic dynamics, Chemical technology, TP1-1185

الوصف: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is used clinically and for research purposes to capture glycaemic profiles. The accuracy of CGM among healthy populations has not been widely assessed. This study assessed agreement between glucose concentrations obtained from venous plasma and from CGM (FreeStyle Libre2TM, Abbott Diabetes Care, Witney, UK) in healthy women. Glucose concentrations were assessed after fasting and every 15 min after a standardized breakfast over a 4-h lab period. Accuracy of CGM was determined by Bland–Altman plot, 15/15% sensor agreement analysis, Clarke error grid analysis (EGA) and mean absolute relative difference (MARD). In all, 429 valid CGM readings with paired venous plasma glucose (VPG) values were obtained from 29 healthy women. Mean CGM readings were 1.14 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.97 to 1.30 mmol/L, p < 0.001) higher than VPG concentrations. Ratio 95% limits of agreement were from 0.68 to 2.20, and a proportional bias (slope: 0.22) was reported. Additionally, 45% of the CGM readings were within ±0.83 mmol/L (±15 mg/dL) or ±15% of VPG, while 85.3% were within EGA Zones A + B (clinically acceptable). MARD was 27.5% (95% CI: 20.8, 34.2%), with higher MARD values in the hypoglycaemia range and when VPG concentrations were falling. The FreeStyle Libre2TM CGM system tends to overestimate glucose concentrations compared to venous plasma samples in healthy women, especially during hypoglycaemia and during glycaemic swings.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7417Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/aae9e97e33f04e1588dec226c2b0709aTest

المؤلفون: Fiona J. Kinnear, Julian P. Hamilton-Shield, David J. Stensel, Graham Bayly, Aidan Searle, Alice E. Thackray, Fiona E. Lithander

المصدر: Pilot and Feasibility Studies, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Familial hypercholesterolaemia, Diet, Physical activity, Cardiovascular disease, Intervention, Dietetics, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Abstract Background Untreated heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) causes high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Despite pharmacological treatment, many treated individuals remain at higher CVD risk than non-affected individuals. This may be due to LDL-C targets not being met and presence of other CVD risk factors. Adhering to dietary and physical activity (PA) recommendations developed for individuals with FH may further reduce CVD risk. However, there is insufficient research to support the efficacy of adhering to these guidelines on LDL-C and other CVD risk factors. The need for studies to investigate the effectiveness of nutrition and PA interventions in the FH population has been widely recognised and recommended. This paper describes the protocol of a pilot, randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a specifically developed nutrition and PA intervention aimed at improving the dietary intakes and PA levels of families with FH. Methods A two-arm randomised waitlist-controlled pilot trial will be conducted across three National Health Service (NHS) sites in England, UK. Twenty-four young people with FH, aged 10–18 years, and their affected parent, will be recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention or waitlist and usual care control. The primary aim is to provide evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the intervention, explored quantitatively (rates of recruitment, retention and outcome measure completeness) and qualitatively (qualitative interviews). The secondary aim is to provide evidence for the potential efficacy of the intervention on dietary intake, PA, sedentary time, body composition, CVD risk factors and quality of life determined at baseline and endpoint assessments. The intervention will involve an hour-long consultation with a dietitian at baseline and four follow-up contacts across the 12-week intervention. It has been specifically developed for use with individuals with FH and incorporates behavioural change techniques to target identified enablers and barriers to adherence in this population. Discussion This trial will estimate the feasibility and acceptability of the nutrition and PA intervention delivered to young people and parents with FH. If appropriate, this study can be used to inform the design of an adequately powered definitive trial. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN24880714. Registered 07/06/2018, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN24880714Test .

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40814-020-00584-3Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2055-5784Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/29372257a73546e2a019a210ecd2c8b2Test

المؤلفون: James L. Dorling, Alice E. Thackray, James A. King, Andrea Pucci, Fernanda R. Goltz, Rachel L. Batterham, David J. Stensel

المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 12, Iss 12, p 3857 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: cholesterol, genetics, triacylglycerol, insulin resistance, obesity, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 A-allele is linked to obesity and dyslipidemia, yet the independent influence of this polymorphism on blood lipids remains equivocal. We examined the influence of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism on fasting and postprandial blood lipids in individuals homozygous for the risk A-allele or T-allele with similar anthropometric and demographic characteristics. 12 AA and 12 TT males consumed a standardized meal after fasting overnight. Blood samples were collected at baseline (−1.5 h), before the meal (0 h), and for five hours postprandially to measure lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Time-averaged total area under the curve (TAUC) values (0–5 h) were calculated and compared between genotypes. Fasting triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose, and insulin concentrations were similar between groups (p ≥ 0.293). TAUC for TG was similar in AAs and TTs (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.52 to 0.31 mmol/L/h; p = 0.606). Likewise, TAUC values were similar for NEFA (95% CI −0.04 to 0.03 mmol/L/h; p = 0.734), glucose (95% CI −0.41 to 0.44 mmol/L/h; p = 0.951), and insulin (95% CI −6.87 to 2.83 pmol/L/h; p = 0.395). Blood lipids are not influenced by the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism, suggesting the FTO-dyslipidemia link is mediated by adiposity and weight management is important in preventing FTO-related lipid variations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/12/3857Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7ad684174a2f48188a7aed4424067ec0Test

المؤلفون: Alice E. Thackray, Scott A. Willis, David J. Clayton, David R. Broom, Graham Finlayson, Fernanda R. Goltz, Jack A. Sargeant, Rachel M. Woods, David J. Stensel, James A. King

المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 2635 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: appetite, food-reward, overfeeding, high-fat diet, energy balance, compensation, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: Short-term overfeeding may provoke compensatory appetite responses to correct the energy surplus. However, the initial time-course of appetite, appetite-related hormone, and reward-related responses to hyperenergetic, high-fat diets (HE-HFD) are poorly characterised. Twelve young healthy men consumed a HE-HFD (+50% energy, 65% fat) or control diet (36% fat) for seven days in a randomised crossover design. Mean appetite perceptions were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after each diet. Fasted appetite perceptions, appetite-related hormones, and reward parameters were measured pre-diet and after 1-, 3- and 7-days of each diet. The HE-HFD induced a pre-to-post diet suppression in mean appetite during the OGTT (all ratings p ≤ 0.058, effect size (d) ≥ 0.31), and reduced the preference for high-fat vs. low-fat foods (main effect diet p = 0.036, d = 0.32). Fasted leptin was higher in the HE-HFD than control diet (main effect diet p < 0.001, d = 0.30), whilst a diet-by-time interaction (p = 0.036) revealed fasted acylated ghrelin was reduced after 1-, 3- and 7-days of the HE-HFD (all p ≤ 0.040, d ≥ 0.50 vs. pre-diet). Appetite perceptions and total peptide YY in the fasted state exhibited similar temporal patterns between the diets (diet-by-time interaction p ≥ 0.077). Seven days of high-fat overfeeding provokes modest compensatory changes in subjective, hormonal, and reward-related appetite parameters.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2635Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9b7c3b25f6b44d6e99d0afb2658a2ca5Test

المؤلفون: Shuen Yee Lee, Stephen F. Burns, Kenneth K.C. Ng, David J. Stensel, Liang Zhong, Frankie H.Y. Tan, Kar Ling Chia, Kai Deng Fam, Margaret M.C. Yap, Kwee Poo Yeo, Eric P.H. Yap, Chin Leong Lim

المصدر: Antioxidants, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 221 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: exercise, ageing, oxldl, arterial stiffness, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950

الوصف: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and adiponectin increase the expression of genes involved in antioxidant pathways, but their roles in mediating oxidative stress and arterial stiffness with ageing and habitual exercise remain unknown. We explored the role of the FGF21−adiponectin axis in mediating oxidative stress and arterial stiffness with ageing and habitual exercise. Eighty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were assigned to younger sedentary or active (18−36 years old, n = 20 each) and older sedentary or active (45−80 years old, n = 20 each) groups. Arterial stiffness was measured indirectly using pulse wave velocity (PWV). Fasted plasma concentrations of FGF21, adiponectin and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) were measured. PWV was 0.2-fold higher and oxLDL concentration was 25.6% higher (both p < 0.001) in older than younger adults, despite no difference in FGF21 concentration (p = 0.097) between age groups. PWV (p = 0.09) and oxLDL concentration (p = 0.275) did not differ between activity groups but FGF21 concentration was 9% lower in active than sedentary individuals (p = 0.011). Adiponectin concentration did not differ by age (p = 0.642) or exercise habits (p = 0.821). In conclusion, age, but not habitual exercise, was associated with higher oxidative stress and arterial stiffness. FGF21 and adiponectin did not differ between younger and older adults, meaning that it is unlikely that they mediate oxidative stress and arterial stiffness in healthy adults.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/3/221Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/327990e473124637ac9cd9d3a46b2943Test

المؤلفون: Nathan R. West, James Dorling, Alice E. Thackray, Nicola C. Hanson, Samantha E. Decombel, David J. Stensel, Stuart J. Grice

المصدر: Journal of Obesity, Vol 2018 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Internal medicine, RC31-1245

الوصف: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) locus are associated with obesity, but lifestyle factors may modulate the obesity risk related to FTO. This study examined the physical activity and dietary patterns of 528 physically active white men and women (mean (SD): 34.9 (9.5) years, 26.6 (4.3) kg·m−2) carrying different risk variants of FTO SNP rs9939609. Sex, age, and anthropometric measurements (stature, body mass, and waist circumference) were self-reported using an online questionnaire, and body mass index and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. Physical activity and eating behaviour were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), respectively. Body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio were not significantly different between individuals expressing different FTO rs9939609 risk variants (all P≥0.66). The cohort was physically active (4516 (3043) total MET min·week−1), although homozygous risk allele carriers (AA) displayed higher TFEQ cognitive restraint compared with nonrisk allele carriers (TT) (ES = 0.33 and P=0.03). In conclusion, obesity-related parameters were not different in physically active individuals expressing different risk variants of FTO rs9939609, although homozygous risk allele carriers exhibited higher cognitive restraint.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2090-0708Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2090-0716Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8c72f59803064a78a71220b93c904b9eTest

المؤلفون: Simone Benedetti, Naser F. Al-Tannak, Mansour Alzharani, Hannah J. Moir, David J. Stensel, Alice E. Thackray, Declan P. Naughton, Mehmet T. Dorak, Owen Spendiff, Natasha Hill, David G. Watson, Judith Allgrove

المصدر: Metabolites, Vol 9, Iss 4, p 71 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: metabolomics, free fatty acids, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, South Asian, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, inflammation, appetite hormones, metabolic markers, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: South Asians have a greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk than white Europeans, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. This study examined ethnic differences in free fatty acids (FFAs) metabolic profile (assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), appetite-related hormones and traditional CVD and T2D risk markers in blood samples collected from 16 South Asian and 16 white European men and explored associations with body composition, objectively-measured physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. South Asians exhibited higher concentrations of five FFAs (laurate, myristate, palmitate, linolenic, linoleate; p ≤ 0.040), lower acylated ghrelin (ES = 1.00, p = 0.008) and higher leptin (ES = 1.11, p = 0.004) than white Europeans; total peptide YY was similar between groups (p = 0.381). South Asians exhibited elevated fasting insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, triacylglycerol and ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lower fasting HDL-C (all ES ≥ 0.74, p ≤ 0.053). Controlling for body fat percentage (assessed using air displacement plethysmography) attenuated these differences. Despite similar habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (ES = 0.18, p = 0.675), V ˙ O2max was lower in South Asians (ES = 1.36, p = 0.001). Circulating FFAs in South Asians were positively correlated with body fat percentage (r2 = 0.92), body mass (r2 = 0.86) and AUC glucose (r2 = 0.89) whereas in white Europeans FFAs were negatively correlated with total step counts (r2 = 0.96). In conclusion, South Asians exhibited a different FFA profile, lower ghrelin, higher leptin, impaired CVD and T2D risk markers and lower cardiorespiratory fitness than white Europeans.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/9/4/71Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1989Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/bd65fbdb28e644259a827788d72c536eTest

المؤلفون: James Dorling, David R. Broom, Stephen F. Burns, David J. Clayton, Kevin Deighton, Lewis J. James, James A. King, Masashi Miyashita, Alice E. Thackray, Rachel L. Batterham, David J. Stensel

المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 10, Iss 9, p 1140 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: appetite, energy intake, appetite-related hormones, energy balance, exercise, physical activity, energy compensation, weight control, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: Exercise facilitates weight control, partly through effects on appetite regulation. Single bouts of exercise induce a short-term energy deficit without stimulating compensatory effects on appetite, whilst limited evidence suggests that exercise training may modify subjective and homeostatic mediators of appetite in directions associated with enhanced meal-induced satiety. However, a large variability in responses exists between individuals. This article reviews the evidence relating to how adiposity, sex, and habitual physical activity modulate exercise-induced appetite, energy intake, and appetite-related hormone responses. The balance of evidence suggests that adiposity and sex do not modify appetite or energy intake responses to acute or chronic exercise interventions, but individuals with higher habitual physical activity levels may better adjust energy intake in response to energy balance perturbations. The effect of these individual characteristics and behaviours on appetite-related hormone responses to exercise remains equivocal. These findings support the continued promotion of exercise as a strategy for inducing short-term energy deficits irrespective of adiposity and sex, as well as the ability of exercise to positively influence energy balance over the longer term. Future well-controlled studies are required to further ascertain the potential mediators of appetite responses to exercise.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/9/1140Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a8ec3f1e27b341a2905c5f8ade77b731Test