المؤلفون: O'Handley, Roderick D. (ORCID 0000-0002-0693-669X), Olmi, D. Joe, Dufrene, Brad A., Radley, Keith C. (ORCID 0000-0001-6155-9666), Tingstrom, Daniel H.

المصدر: Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions. Apr 2023 25(2):118-130.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 13

الواصفات: Student Behavior, Positive Behavior Supports, Positive Reinforcement, Behavior Change, Middle School Students, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, Time Factors (Learning), Feedback (Response), Discipline, Behavior Problems

مستخلص: Few studies examine the effects of behavior-specific praise (BSP) in secondary classrooms, and there is limited research examining the rate of BSP that is needed to improve classwide appropriately engaged behavior (AEB) and reduce disruptive behavior (DB). Using a multiple baseline design with an embedded A/B/C/A/C condition sequence counterbalanced across pairs of teachers, this study evaluated the effects of BSP delivered once per 2 min and once per 4 min, and the relative effects of both rates of BSP on classwide AEB and DB across four secondary classrooms. Based on visual analysis and non-overlap, using BSP once per 2 min produced large and immediate improvements in classwide AEB and DB. In contrast, using BSP once per 4 min had mixed effects on classwide AEB and DB. Overall, using BSP once per 2 min was superior to using BSP once per 4 min. Limitations, directions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Nahed Hussein, Eric Ah-Sing, Paul Wilkinson, Clare Leach, Bruce A. Griffin, D. Joe Millward

المصدر: Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 46, Iss 2, Pp 269-280 (2005)

مصطلحات موضوعية: long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, stable isotopes, flaxseed oil, Biochemistry, QD415-436

الوصف: We studied the long-chain conversion of [U-13C]α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) and responses of erythrocyte phospholipid composition to variation in the dietary ratios of 18:3n-3 (ALA) and 18:2n-6 (LA) for 12 weeks in 38 moderately hyperlipidemic men. Diets were enriched with either flaxseed oil (FXO; 17 g/day ALA, n = 21) or sunflower oil (SO; 17 g/day LA, n = 17). The FXO diet induced increases in phospholipid ALA (>3-fold), 20:5n-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), >2-fold], and 22:5n-3 [docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), 50%] but no change in 22:6n-3 [docosahexanoic acid (DHA)], LA, or 20:4n-6 [arachidonic acid (AA)]. The increases in EPA and DPA but not DHA were similar to those in subjects given the SO diet enriched with 3 g of EPA plus DHA from fish oil (n = 19). The SO diet induced a small increase in LA but no change in AA. Long-chain conversion of [U-13C]ALA and [U-13C]LA, calculated from peak plasma 13C concentrations after simple modeling for tracer dilution in subsets from the FXO (n = 6) and SO (n = 5) diets, was similar but low for the two tracers (i.e., AA, 0.2%; EPA, 0.3%; and DPA, 0.02%) and varied directly with precursor concentrations and inversely with concentrations of fatty acids of the alternative series.[13C]DHA formation was very low (

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520340608Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0022-2275Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9372d38b6285476f9d62865ee2517c2aTest

المؤلفون: Millward, D. Joe

المصدر: British Journal of Nutrition ; volume 131, issue 12, page 2005-2030 ; ISSN 0007-1145 1475-2662

الوصف: Nitrogen balance (NB), the principal methodology used to derive recommendations for human protein and amino acid requirements, has been widely criticised, and calls for increased protein and amino acid requirement recommendations have been made, often on the basis of post-prandial amino acid tracer kinetic studies of muscle protein synthesis, or of amino acid oxidation. This narrative review considers our knowledge of the homeostatic regulation of the FFM throughout the diurnal cycle of feeding and fasting and what can and has been learnt from post-prandial amino acid tracer studies, about amino acid and protein requirements. Within the FFM, muscle mass in well fed weight-stable adults with healthy lifestyles appears fixed at a phenotypic level within a wide range of habitual protein intakes. However homoeostatic regulation occurs in response to variation in habitual protein intake, with adaptive changes in amino acid oxidation which influence the magnitude of diurnal losses and gains of body protein. Post-prandial indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) studies have been introduced as an alternative to NB and to the logistically complex 24 h [ 13 C-1] amino acid balance studies, for assessment of protein and amino acid requirements. However, a detailed examination of IAAO studies shows both a lack of concern for homeostatic regulation of amino acid oxidation and major flaws in their design and analytical interpretation, which seriously constrain their ability to provide reliable values. New ideas and a much more critical approach to existing work is needed if real progress is to be made in the area.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114524000734Test
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007114524000734Test

المؤلفون: Cheng Zhang, Adam Berg, Carina C. D. Joe, Paul A. Dalby, Alexander D. Douglas

المصدر: npj Vaccines, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282

الوصف: Abstract Distribution of vaccines which require refrigerated or frozen storage can be challenging and expensive. The adenovirus vector platform has been widely used for COVID-19 vaccines while several further candidate vaccines using the platform are in clinical development. In current liquid formulations, adenoviruses require distribution at 2–8 °C. The development of formulations suitable for ambient temperature distribution would be advantageous. Previous peer-reviewed reports of adenovirus lyophilization are relatively limited. Here, we report the development of a formulation and process for lyophilization of simian adenovirus-vectored vaccines based on the ChAdOx1 platform. We describe the iterative selection of excipients using a design of experiments approach, and iterative cycle improvement to achieve both preservation of potency and satisfactory cake appearance. The resulting method achieved in-process infectivity titre loss of around 50%. After drying, there was negligible further loss over a month at 30 °C. Around 30% of the predrying infectivity remained after a month at 45 °C. This performance is likely to be suitable for ‘last leg’ distribution at ambient temperature. This work may also facilitate the development of other product presentations using dried simian adenovirus-vectored vaccines.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2059-0105Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4ebe90e713b3436f9874cb854ddf0a4fTest

المؤلفون: Ivana Skakic, Aya C. Taki, Jasmine E. Francis, Chaitali Dekiwadia, Thi Thu Hao Van, Carina C. D. Joe, Tram Phan, George Lovrecz, Paul R. Gorry, Paul A. Ramsland, Anna K. Walduck, Peter M. Smooker

المصدر: Vaccines, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 410 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: nanoparticles, vaccines, influenza virus, Helicobacter pylori, HIV, Medicine

الوصف: Nanoparticles show great promise as a platform for developing vaccines for the prevention of infectious disease. We have been investigating a method whereby nanocapsules can be formulated from protein, such that the final capsules contain only the cross-linked protein itself. Such nanocapsules are made using a silica templating system and can be customised in terms of size and porosity. Here we compare the construction and characteristics of nanocapsules from four different proteins: one a model protein (ovalbumin) and three from infectious disease pathogens, namely the influenza virus, Helicobacter pylori and HIV. Two of the nanocapsules were assessed further. We confirm that nanocapsules constructed from the urease A subunit of H. pylori can reduce subsequent infection in a vaccinated mouse model. Further, we show that capsules constructed from the HIV gp120 protein can be taken up by dendritic cells in tissue culture and can be recognised by antibodies raised against the virus. These results point to the utility of this method in constructing protein-only nanocapsules from proteins of varying sizes and isoelectric points.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/4/410Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/98da660166304ea9894cf478fc094f25Test

المؤلفون: White, Kristi R., Radley, Keith C. (ORCID 0000-0001-6155-9666), Olmi, D. Joe, McKinley, Lauren E.

المصدر: Psychology in the Schools. Mar 2022 59(3):480-494.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 15

الواصفات: Teacher Behavior, Prompting, Positive Reinforcement, Technology Uses in Education, Assistive Technology, Intervention, Program Implementation

مستخلص: This study evaluated the effects of a teacher prompting procedure to increase teacher behavior specific praise (BSP) using an Apple Watch. Participants included three Head Start general education teachers. An ABAB design across participants was used to examine the effects of Smart Watch-based prompts on teachers' praise rate. The study consisted of four phases: (a) baseline, (b) teacher praise training and intervention, (c) withdrawal from intervention, and (d) reimplementation of intervention. Implementation of the intervention was associated with increases in both BSP and general praise for all participating teachers. Although averages did not meet the criterion set by the researcher of one statement per minute, these findings suggest a functional relation between implementation of the procedure and increases in teacher praise.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: LaBrot, Zachary C., Dufrene, Brad A., Olmi, D. Joe, Dart, Evan H., Radley, Keith, Lown, Elizabeth, Pasqua, Jamie L.

المصدر: Journal of Behavioral Education. Sep 2021 30(3):350-377.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 28

الواصفات: Preschool Teachers, Positive Reinforcement, Generalization, Training, Consultation Programs

مستخلص: Preschool children experience a variety of risk factors that could result in the development of more severe mental and behavioral health issues later in life. Simple, teacher-delivered interventions, such as behavior-specific praise, are effective for altering at-risk preschool children's behavioral trajectory. However, preschool teachers are often not well-trained in the implementation of evidence-based classroom management strategies. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a school-based consultation modality, in situ training, for increasing and maintaining four Head Start teachers' use of behavior-specific praise. Of particular interest was whether Head Start teachers generalized their use of behavior-specific praise to settings in which in situ training did not occur. Results indicated that all four Head Start teachers increased and maintain their use of behavior-specific praise and generalized their use of praise to settings in which in situ training did not occur. Furthermore, concomitant improvements in the Head Start teachers' children were observed. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Eaves, Ashleigh E., Radley, Keith C., Dufrene, Brad A., Olmi, D. Joe, Bernard, Lindsey E.

المصدر: Journal of Behavioral Education. Jun 2021 30(2):226-246.

تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y

Page Count: 21

الواصفات: Positive Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Elementary School Teachers, Elementary School Students, Student Behavior, Behavior Problems, Learner Engagement

مستخلص: The present study evaluated the effects of two reinforcement contingencies on teacher use of behavior-specific praise (BSP) in the classroom. An alternating treatments design was used to compare the implementation of both an independent and interdependent contingency to increase frequency of BSP delivery. Four general education elementary school teachers and their students participated. Teachers' use of BSP and general praise, as well as, behavior-specific and general reprimands were evaluated. Data were also collected on students' levels of academically engaged and disruptive behaviors. Both the independent and interdependent conditions resulted in higher frequencies of BSP and reduced the use of both general and behavior-specific reprimands. Student levels of academic engagement increased while disruption decreased across both contingencies. Results of the present study are discussed in terms of related literature and implications for applied practice.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Natalie J. Kingston, Renae Walsh, Rachel Hammond, Carina C. D. Joe, George Lovrecz, Stephen Locarnini, Hans J. Netter

المصدر: Viruses; Volume 15; Issue 2; Pages: 313

مصطلحات موضوعية: vectored vaccines, delivery platforms, immune sensitization, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Virus-like particles (VLPs), composed of the small hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAgS), are the antigenic components of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and represent the backbones for a chimeric anti-malaria vaccine and various vaccine candidates. Biological vectors have to face pre-existing anti-vector immune responses due to previous immune exposure. Vector recognition after natural infections or vaccinations can result in unwarranted outcomes, with compromising effects on clinical outcomes. In order to evaluate the impact of a pre-existing anti-HBsAgS immune response, we developed mutant VLPs composed of subunits with reduced HBsAgS-specific antigenicity. The insertion of a Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-derived epitope as a read-out allowed the assessment of wild type (wt) and mutant VLPs in the context of a pre-existing immune response. Mutant and wt VLP platforms with a CSP-epitope insert are immunogenic and have the ability to generate anti-CSP antibody responses in both naïve BALB/c mice and mice with a pre-existing anti-HBsAgS immune response, but with superior anti-CSP responses in mice with a pre-existing immunity. The data indicate that previous HBsAgS exposure facilitates enhanced antibody responses against foreign epitopes delivered by the HBsAgS platform, and, in this context, the state of immune sensitization alters the outcome of subsequent vaccinations.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020313Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020313Test

المؤلفون: Millward, D. Joe

المصدر: Nutrition Research Reviews ; volume 37, issue 1, page 141-168 ; ISSN 0954-4224 1475-2700

الوصف: A model explaining the dietary-protein-driven post-natal skeletal muscle growth and protein turnover in the rat is updated, and the mechanisms involved are described, in this narrative review. Dietary protein controls both bone length and muscle growth, which are interrelated through mechanotransduction mechanisms with muscle growth induced both from stretching subsequent to bone length growth and from internal work against gravity. This induces satellite cell activation, myogenesis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix, establishing a growth capacity for myofibre length and cross-sectional area. Protein deposition within this capacity is enabled by adequate dietary protein and other key nutrients. After briefly reviewing the experimental animal origins of the growth model, key concepts and processes important for growth are reviewed. These include the growth in number and size of the myonuclear domain, satellite cell activity during post-natal development and the autocrine/paracrine action of IGF-1. Regulatory and signalling pathways reviewed include developmental mechanotransduction, signalling through the insulin/IGF-1–PI3K–Akt and the Ras–MAPK pathways in the myofibre and during mechanotransduction of satellite cells. Likely pathways activated by maximal-intensity muscle contractions are highlighted and the regulation of the capacity for protein synthesis in terms of ribosome assembly and the translational regulation of 5-TOPmRNA classes by mTORC1 and LARP1 are discussed. Evidence for and potential mechanisms by which volume limitation of muscle growth can occur which would limit protein deposition within the myofibre are reviewed. An understanding of how muscle growth is achieved allows better nutritional management of its growth in health and disease.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954422423000124Test
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0954422423000124Test