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1دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2020)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Malaria, Immunity, Effector T cells, Moringa, Malnutrition, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
الوصف: Abstract Background Malaria is a worldwide problem that affects millions of people yearly. In rural areas where anti-malarial drugs are not easily accessible, many people use herbal treatments, such as Moringa oleifera, to treat a variety of diseases and ailments including malaria. While Moringa is reported to possess potent and curative anti-malarial properties, previous studies have mostly been restricted to assessment of parasitaemia. In this study, the effect of Moringa on malaria immunity in a murine model was investigated. Methods Using a high dose (60 mg/mouse) for a short time (7 days) or low dose Moringa (30 mg/mouse) for a longer time (3 weeks), cytokine production, and Tbet expression by effector CD4+ T cells (Teff) were determined. Mice were also treated with Moringa after infection (curatively) or before infection (prophylactically) to determine the effect of the plant extract on parasitaemia and immunity. Given that Moringa also possess many nutritional benefits, the contribution of Moringa on malnourished malaria infected mice was determined. Malnutrition was induced by limiting access to food to only 4 h a day for 4 weeks, while control mice had unlimited access to mouse laboratory chow. All data was collected by flow cytometry and analysed using one-Way ANOVA or two tailed Student’s t test. Results Moringa-treated mice had increased numbers of effector CD4+ T cells accompanied by an increase in Tbet expression compared to control untreated mice. Mice that were treated with Moringa curatively also exhibited increased effector CD4+ T cell numbers, IFN-gamma and TNF secretion. Interestingly, the mice that were treated prophylactically had significantly higher Tbet expression. In the absence of adaptive immunity, high parasitaemia was observed in the RAG1 knockout mice. The food limited mice (malnourished) had reduced numbers of CD4+ T cells, TNF proportions, and significantly greater Tbet expression compared to the control group. Supplementation with Moringa in the limited group slightly restored CD4+ T cell activation, IL-2, and IL-10 production. Conclusions Taken together, these data suggest that Moringa treatment leads to increased CD4+ T cell activation, Th1 differentiation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after malaria infection. Thus, Moringa may be immunologically useful in the treatment of malaria and malnutrition. Further investigations are required to identify the active components in Moringa.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875Test
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Noah Joseph Murr, Tyler B. Olender, Margaret R. Smith, Amari S. Smith, Jennifer Pilotos, Lyndsay B. Richard, Chishimba Nathan Mowa, Michael Makokha Opata
المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 913 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: malnutrition, malaria, gut immunity, intestinal permeability, innate immunity, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
الوصف: Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite which causes malarial disease in humans. Infections commonly occur in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with high rates of inadequate nutrient consumption resulting in malnutrition. The complex relationship between malaria and malnutrition and their effects on gut immunity and physiology are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of malaria infection in the guts of moderately malnourished mice. We utilized a well-established low protein diet that is deficient in zinc and iron to induce moderate malnutrition and investigated mucosal tissue phenotype, permeability, and innate immune response in the gut. We observed that the infected moderately malnourished mice had lower parasite burden at the peak of infection, but damaged mucosal epithelial cells and high levels of FITC-Dextran concentration in the blood serum, indicating increased intestinal permeability. The small intestine in the moderately malnourished mice were also shorter after infection with malaria. This was accompanied with lower numbers of CD11b+ macrophages, CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cells, and CD11c+ dendritic cells in large intestine. Despite the lower number of innate immune cells, macrophages in the moderately malnourished mice were highly activated as determined by MHCII expression and increased IFNγ production in the small intestine. Thus, our data suggest that malaria infection may exacerbate some of the abnormalities in the gut induced by moderate malnutrition.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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3دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: Journal of Immunology Research, Vol 2019 (2019)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
الوصف: The cervix is divided into two morphologically and immunologically distinct regions, namely, (1) the microbe-laden ectocervix, which is proximal to the vagina, and (2) the “sterile” endocervix, which is distal to the uterus. The two cervical regions are bordered by the cervical transformation zone (CTZ), an area of changing cells, and are predominantly composed of cervical epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are known to play a crucial role in the initiation, maintenance, and regulation of innate and adaptive response in collaboration with immune cells in several tissue types, including the cervix, and their dysfunction can lead to a spectrum of clinical syndromes. For instance, epithelial cells block progression and neutralize or kill microorganisms through multiple ways. These (ways) include mounting physical (intercellular junctions, secretion of mucus) and immune barriers (pathogen-recognition receptor-mediated pathways), which collectively and ultimately lead to the release of specific chemokines and or cytokines. The cytokines subsequently recruit subsets of immune cells appropriate to a particular immune context and response, such as dendritic cells (DCs), T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells. The immune response, as most biological processes in the female reproductive tract (FRT), is mainly regulated by estrogen and progesterone and their (immune cells) responses vary during different physiological phases of reproduction, such as menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and post menopause. The purpose of the present review is to compare the immunological profile of the mucosae and immune cells in the ecto- and endocervix and their interphase during the different phases of female reproduction.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Bao-Tran Anh Nguyen, Chishimba Nathan Mowa, Ellie McCabe, Jennifer Cecile, Veronica Minkiewicz
المصدر: Biomedical Research. 2012, 33(6):363
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المؤلفون: MacKinsey Johnson, Chishimba Nathan Mowa
المصدر: Cell and Tissue Research. 384:771-788
مصطلحات موضوعية: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, 0301 basic medicine, Histology, Pseudogene, Cervix Uteri, Biology, Cell Line, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, Fetus, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Humans, Cell adhesion, Gene, RNA, Epithelial Cells, Cell Biology, Molecular medicine, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
الوصف: Cervical epithelial cells play a central role in cervical remodeling (CR) during pregnancy and cervical events during menstrual cycle, including mounting physical and immunological barriers, proliferation and differentiation, maintenance of fluid balance, and likely in withstanding the mechanical force exerted by the growing fetus prior to term. In the present study, we attempt to decipher the specific roles of VEGF in fetal human cervical epithelial cells by delineating VEGF signature genes using RNA sequencing in order to characterize the specific biological effects of VEGF in these cells.Out of a total of 25,000 genes screened, 162 genes were found to be differentially expressed in human cervical epithelial cells, of which 12 genes were found to be statistically significantly differentially expressed. The differentially expressed genes (162) were categorized by biological function, which included (1) proliferation, (2) immune response, (3) structure/matrix, (4) mitochondrial function, and (5) cell adhesion/communication and others (pseudogenes, non-coding RNA, miscellaneous genes, and uncharacterized genes). We conclude that VEGF plays a key role in CR by altering the expression of genes that regulate proliferation, immune response, energy metabolism and cell structure, and biological processes that are essential to development and likely CR.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5cafcd66f8aeb67eea4fb4ed39496f52Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03354-yTest -
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المؤلفون: John Teleha, Maryam Ahmed, Jahangir Emrani, Robert H. Newman, Misty D. Thomas, Chishimba Nathan Mowa
المصدر: Journal of Chemical Education. 97:1931-1943
مصطلحات موضوعية: Transcription activator-like effector nuclease, Genome editing, Emerging technologies, Curriculum development, CRISPR, Context (language use), General Chemistry, Transcription (software), Data science, Curriculum, Education
الوصف: Genome editing has widespread influence in many fields, including medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture. Despite their origins in chemistry laboratories, these techniques are currently under utilized in chemistry curricula. Introducing future generations of chemists to these emerging technologies is essential in chemistry classrooms. The purpose of this tutorial review is to introduce chemistry audiences—particularly undergraduate chemistry students and educators—to the emerging field of genome editing. Indeed, as the applications of genome editing technologies continue to grow, it will be important for chemistry students to gain a working knowledge of their underlying principles as well as some of their limitations. Here, we aim to provide a general overview of genome editing technologies and highlight some practical ways in which these technologies can be integrated into the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. In the overview, we describe the key players in—and the modes of action of—the three major genome editing technologies, namely, (1) zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), (2) transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and (3) the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated system (CRISPR/Cas) system. We then highlight several applications of genome editing technologies, particularly the CRISPR/Cas system, and their potential impact on various fields, including basic research, medicine, biotechnology, and the food industry. In this context, we present potential ethical issues associated with the application of genome editing technologies. Finally, by presenting a case study, we highlight the ways that genome editing technologies can be integrated into the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. This review can be added to biochemistry or organic chemistry courses as reading material.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::3985371d742ec4f50d6284f22efc3be8Test
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b01154Test -
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المؤلفون: B.N. Tate, Chishimba Nathan Mowa
المصدر: South African Journal of Botany. 129:324-335
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, Arthritis, Inflammation, Plant Science, Biology, Pharmacology, Proteomics, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Rheumatoid arthritis, medicine, Cytotoxic T cell, MTT assay, Viability assay, medicine.symptom, Cell adhesion, 010606 plant biology & botany
الوصف: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects more than 1.3 million Americans, making it the most common auto-immune arthritic disorder in the U.S. Current treatments are largely based on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. However, these drugs are either ineffective, costly or have a plethora of side effects. Therefore, here, we sought to examine the anti-arthritic effects of a tropical medicinal plant, Moringa oleifera (MO), and its underlying mechanism using proteomics analysis and primary human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS) harvested from healthy people and patients with arthritis (HFLS-RA). Data generated from proteomics were verified by confocal immunofluorescence. The MTT assay data shows that below 75 mg/mL, MO is not cytotoxic and therefore does not affect cell viability. Proteomics data revealed that MO alters expression of all the 40 proteins that are aberrantly expressed in HFLS-RA by either mitigating their expression (35 proteins) or enhancing (5 proteins) them. Specifically, the 35 proteins were mostly associated with pathological processes, such as inflammation, aberrant proliferation and cell adhesion, whereas the 5 proteins were associated overall with normal protective processes, such as anti-inflammatory and apoptotic activities, were down regulated in HFLS-RA. We conclude that MO is potentially a good candidate for developing alternative therapy for managing arthritis.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::9bbdd87668ec49ebf8174b1de3665440Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.08.036Test -
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المؤلفون: Joshua Idassi, Jahangir Emrani, T. Orders, Chishimba Nathan Mowa, J. Slate, S. Bauldry, J. Cecile, N.-A. Nguyen, B.E. Smith, C.S. Bailey, Maryam Ahmed
المصدر: South African Journal of Botany. 129:366-378
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, biology, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Atopobium vaginae, Plant Science, Mycoplasma hominis, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Microbiology, Moringa, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Lactobacillus, medicine, Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Bacteria, 010606 plant biology & botany
الوصف: Every year 15 million babies are born prematurely worldwide and a million of these infants die. We know that bacterial infections are associated with and are the primary cause of preterm labor. Unfortunately, current antibiotic-based therapies are either unsafe or are becoming less effective due to the development of bacterial resistance to these therapies. Some of the key microbes associated with preterm labor include Gardnerella vaginalis, Lactobacillus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Here, we investigated the effectiveness of different whole leaf Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) extracts and subsequently the sub-fractions of ethanolic whole leaf extract to inhibit growth of and/or lysis E. coli, and compared the most potent leaf extract to common antibiotics. We also sought to determine the proteome-wide expression patterns of the bacterium when incubated with whole leaf M. oleifera extract using quantitative proteomics. From these studies, we demonstrate that: (1) ethanolic whole leaf M. oleifera extract causes the greatest inhibition of E. coli and is comparable to inhibition observed by common antibiotics, (2) the 8 different phases of bacterial growth are prolonged or inhibited by extract treatment, (3) sub-fraction 5 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities, followed by 8, and (4) proteomics analysis revealed that MO lyses E. coli by altering expression of multiple proteins involved in several biological processes of the bacteria, notably stress response, metabolism and energy maintenance.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::d19cb4e94d87cb8433b11f2332619ddeTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.08.056Test -
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المؤلفون: Lyndsay B Richard, Noah Joseph Murr, Michael M. Opata, Tyler B Olender, Chishimba Nathan Mowa, Jennifer Pilotos, Amari S Smith, Margaret R Smith
المصدر: Nutrients
Volume 13
Issue 3
Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 913, p 913 (2021)مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, gut immunity, 030231 tropical medicine, malaria, CD11c, lcsh:TX341-641, malnutrition, Biology, Article, Plasmodium chabaudi, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood serum, parasitic diseases, medicine, innate immunity, Nutrition and Dietetics, Innate immune system, Intestinal permeability, intestinal permeability, Plasmodium falciparum, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Small intestine, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Malaria, Food Science
الوصف: Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite which causes malarial disease in humans. Infections commonly occur in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with high rates of inadequate nutrient consumption resulting in malnutrition. The complex relationship between malaria and malnutrition and their effects on gut immunity and physiology are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of malaria infection in the guts of moderately malnourished mice. We utilized a well-established low protein diet that is deficient in zinc and iron to induce moderate malnutrition and investigated mucosal tissue phenotype, permeability, and innate immune response in the gut. We observed that the infected moderately malnourished mice had lower parasite burden at the peak of infection, but damaged mucosal epithelial cells and high levels of FITC-Dextran concentration in the blood serum, indicating increased intestinal permeability. The small intestine in the moderately malnourished mice were also shorter after infection with malaria. This was accompanied with lower numbers of CD11b+ macrophages, CD11b+CD11c+ myeloid cells, and CD11c+ dendritic cells in large intestine. Despite the lower number of innate immune cells, macrophages in the moderately malnourished mice were highly activated as determined by MHCII expression and increased IFNγ production in the small intestine. Thus, our data suggest that malaria infection may exacerbate some of the abnormalities in the gut induced by moderate malnutrition.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9ac8e74970f8adc5cae0ab11096743fcTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7998862Test -
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المؤلفون: Chishimba Nathan Mowa, Jacob Gordon
المصدر: Cell and Tissue Research. 376:443-456
مصطلحات موضوعية: rho GTP-Binding Proteins, 0301 basic medicine, Cell signaling, Histology, RHOA, RHOB, Biophysics, Cervix Uteri, macromolecular substances, CDC42, Biology, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Focal adhesion, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Mechanotransduction, Cytoskeleton, Fetus, Cell Biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Cytoskeletal Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Focal Adhesion Kinase 1, biology.protein, Pregnancy, Animal, Female, Transcriptome, Gelsolin, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
الوصف: There is a known reciprocation between the chronic exertion of force on tissue and both increased tissue density (e.g., bone) and hypertrophy (e.g., heart). This can also be seen in cervical tissue where the excessive gravitational forces associated with multiple fetal pregnancies promote preterm births. While there is a well-known regulation of cervical remodeling (CR) by sex steroid hormones and growth factors, the role of mechanical force is less appreciated. Using proteome-wide technology, we previously provided evidence for the presence of and alteration in mechano-related signaling molecules in the mouse cervix during pregnancy. Here, we profile the expression of select cytoskeletal factors (filamin-A, gelsolin, vimentin, actinin-1, caveolin-1, transgelin, keratin-8, profilin-1) and their associated signaling molecules [focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the Rho GTPases CDC42, RHOA, and RHOB] in cervices of pregnant mice by real-time PCR and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Messenger RNA and protein levels increased for each of these 12 factors, except for 3 (keratin-8, profilin-1, RHOA) that decreased during the course of pregnancy and this corresponded with an increase in gravitational force exerted by the fetus on the cervix. We therefore conclude that size or weight of the growing fetus likely plays a key role in CR through mechanotransduction processes.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::95c27c1e3253f14ca03631e2a938b956Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-018-02983-8Test
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