المؤلفون: Chin Leong Lim, Nicholas Ling Swee Keong, Margaret Mei Chan Yap, Alvin Wai Kit Tan, Cher Heng Tan, Wee Shiong Lim

المصدر: Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 14 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: muscle loading exercise, muscular and bone health, body composition, bone mineral density, flexibility, balance, Physiology, QP1-981

الوصف: The effects of different muscle loading exercise (MLEX) modes and volume on musculoskeletal health is not well-studied in older populations.Aim: Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of community-based MLEX modalities and volume on musculoskeletal health in elderly people.Methods: Elderly men (n = 86) and women (n = 170), age 50–82 years old, were assigned to the sedentary (SE, n = 60), muscle strengthening exercise (MSE, n = 71), aerobic exercise (AE, n = 62) and Tai Chi exercise (TCE, n = 63) groups, based on > 2 years of exercise history. Exercise volume was compared between “Minimum” (“Min” < 60 min/week), “Low” (60–120 min/week). “Moderate” (121–239 min/week) and “High” (240–720 min/week) volumes.Results: All three modes of MLEX were associated with lower percentage of body fat (BF%) and higher percentage of lean body mass (LBM%, p = 0.003 main effect of group, and p = 0.002 main effect of volume for both BF% and LBM%), but not with higher bone mineral density (BMD, total body, lumbar spine, total hip and neck of femur), than SE. TCE had a distinct advantage in trunk flexibility (p = 0.007 with MSE, p = 0.02 with AE, and p = 0.01 with SE), and both TCE (p = 0.03) and AE (p = 0.03) performed better than SE in the one-leg stand balance test. Isometric strength and throwing speed and peak power with a 2 kg power ball were higher in the MLEX than SE groups (p = 0.01), in the ranking order of MSE, AE and TCE. However, there was no difference in handgrip strength performance between the MLEX groups, which performed better than the SE participants. Accumulating >120 min/week of MLEX can promote body composition health and muscle functions, but 60 min/week of MSE alone may have equal or better outcomes in these parameters.Conclusion: Community-based MLEX classes may be used to mitigate age-related chronic disease that are associated with body composition and muscular functions.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1227502/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8b3c5e2f4bd3433e97b99eefedc95b28Test

المؤلفون: Jorming Goh, Yifan Yang, Peter Hofmann, Chin Leong Lim

المصدر: Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 13 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: exercise, recovery, molecular, training load, physiological, Physiology, QP1-981

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.1093532/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/78febd1675274649b3cd2f113751dd67Test

المؤلفون: Dominic Stanculescu, Nuno Sepúlveda, Chin Leong Lim, Jonas Bergquist

المصدر: Frontiers in Neurology, Vol 12 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: post-viral fatigue, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, gut permeability, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), heat stroke, endotoxemia, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429

الوصف: We here provide an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms during heat stroke and describe similar mechanisms found in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Both conditions are characterized by disturbed homeostasis in which inflammatory pathways play a central role. Splanchnic vasoconstriction, increased gut permeability, gut-related endotoxemia, systemic inflammatory response, central nervous system dysfunction, blood coagulation disorder, endothelial-cell injury, and mitochondrial dysfunction underlie heat stroke. These mechanisms have also been documented in ME/CFS. Moreover, initial transcriptomic studies suggest that similar gene expressions are altered in both heat stroke and ME/CFS. Finally, some predisposing factors for heat stroke, such as pre-existing inflammation or infection, overlap with those for ME/CFS. Notwithstanding important differences - and despite heat stroke being an acute condition - the overlaps between heat stroke and ME/CFS suggest common pathways in the physiological responses to very different forms of stressors, which are manifested in different clinical outcomes. The human studies and animal models of heat stroke provide an explanation for the self-perpetuation of homeostatic imbalance centered around intestinal wall injury, which could also inform the understanding of ME/CFS. Moreover, the studies of novel therapeutics for heat stroke might provide new avenues for the treatment of ME/CFS. Future research should be conducted to investigate the similarities between heat stroke and ME/CFS to help identify the potential treatments for ME/CFS.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.789784/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-2295Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/75fd66f76ff14aa1972b9296e6983c56Test

المؤلفون: Shuen Yee Lee, Micheál Mac Aogáin, Kai Deng Fam, Kar Ling Chia, Nur A'tikah Binte Mohamed Ali, Margaret M C Yap, Eric P H Yap, Sanjay H Chotirmall, Chin Leong Lim

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 11, p e0225636 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: OBJECTIVE:To investigate age-associated changes in airway microbiome composition and their relationships with lung function and arterial stiffness among genetically matched young and elderly pairs. METHODS:Twenty-four genetically linked family pairs comprised of younger (≤40 years) and older (≥60 years) healthy participants were recruited (Total n = 48). Lung function and arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx)) were assessed. Sputum samples were collected for targeted 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and correlations between microbiome composition, lung function and arterial stiffness were investigated. RESULTS:Elderly participants exhibited reductions in lung function (FEV1 (p0.05) but was inversely associated with lung function (FEV1%Predicted and FVC %Predicted) in the young (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003) though not the elderly (p = 0.481 and p = 0.696). Conversely, alpha diversity was negatively associated with PWV in the elderly (p = 0.01) but not the young (p = 0.569). Specifically, phylum Firmicutes including the genus Gemella were correlated with lung function (FVC %Predicted) in the young group (p = 0.047 and p = 0.040), while Fusobacteria and Leptotrichia were associated with arterial stiffness (PWV) in the elderly (both p = 0.004). CONCLUSION:Ageing is associated with increased Firmicutes and decreased Proteobacteria representation in the airway microbiome among a healthy Asian cohort. The diversity and composition of the airway microbiome is independently associated with lung function and arterial stiffness in the young and elderly groups respectively. This suggests differential microbial associations with these phenotypes at specific stages of life with potential prognostic implications.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6f03bf26601d495a8be38117f923ff19Test

المؤلفون: Shuen Yee Lee, Stephen F. Burns, Kenneth K.C. Ng, David J. Stensel, Liang Zhong, Frankie H.Y. Tan, Kar Ling Chia, Kai Deng Fam, Margaret M.C. Yap, Kwee Poo Yeo, Eric P.H. Yap, Chin Leong Lim

المصدر: Antioxidants, Vol 9, Iss 3, p 221 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: exercise, ageing, oxldl, arterial stiffness, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950

الوصف: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and adiponectin increase the expression of genes involved in antioxidant pathways, but their roles in mediating oxidative stress and arterial stiffness with ageing and habitual exercise remain unknown. We explored the role of the FGF21−adiponectin axis in mediating oxidative stress and arterial stiffness with ageing and habitual exercise. Eighty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were assigned to younger sedentary or active (18−36 years old, n = 20 each) and older sedentary or active (45−80 years old, n = 20 each) groups. Arterial stiffness was measured indirectly using pulse wave velocity (PWV). Fasted plasma concentrations of FGF21, adiponectin and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) were measured. PWV was 0.2-fold higher and oxLDL concentration was 25.6% higher (both p < 0.001) in older than younger adults, despite no difference in FGF21 concentration (p = 0.097) between age groups. PWV (p = 0.09) and oxLDL concentration (p = 0.275) did not differ between activity groups but FGF21 concentration was 9% lower in active than sedentary individuals (p = 0.011). Adiponectin concentration did not differ by age (p = 0.642) or exercise habits (p = 0.821). In conclusion, age, but not habitual exercise, was associated with higher oxidative stress and arterial stiffness. FGF21 and adiponectin did not differ between younger and older adults, meaning that it is unlikely that they mediate oxidative stress and arterial stiffness in healthy adults.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/3/221Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/327990e473124637ac9cd9d3a46b2943Test

المؤلفون: Chin Leong Lim

المصدر: Antioxidants, Vol 7, Iss 11, p 149 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: heat stroke, endotoxemia, lipopolysaccharides, guts barrier, systemic inflammation, sepsis, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950

الوصف: Heat stroke (HS) is an ancient illness dating back more than 2000 years and continues to be a health threat and to cause fatality during physical exertion, especially in military personnel, fire-fighters, athletes, and outdoor laborers. The current paradigm in the pathophysiology and prevention of HS focuses predominantly on heat as the primary trigger and driver of HS, which has not changed significantly for centuries. However, pathological and clinical reports from HS victims and research evidence from animal and human studies support the notion that heat alone does not fully explain the pathophysiology of HS and that HS may also be triggered and driven by heat- and exercise-induced endotoxemia. Exposure to heat and exercise stresses independently promote the translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria in the gut to blood in the circulatory system. Blood concentration of LPS can increase to a threshold that triggers the systemic inflammatory response, leading to the downstream ramifications of cellular and organ damage with sepsis as the end point i.e., heat sepsis. The dual pathway model (DPM) of HS proposed that HS is triggered by two independent pathways sequentially along the core temperature continuum of >40 °C. HS is triggered by heat sepsis at Tc < 42 °C and by the heat toxicity at Tc > 42 °C, where the direct effects of heat alone can cause cellular and organ damage. Therefore, heat sepsis precedes heat toxicity in the pathophysiology of HS.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/7/11/149Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/294a3061f6634ff6be97f6002ce2a1dbTest

المؤلفون: Hai-Yan Xu, Xiuju Fu, Lionel Kim Hock Lee, Stefan Ma, Kee Tai Goh, Jiancheng Wong, Mohamed Salahuddin Habibullah, Gary Kee Khoon Lee, Tian Kuay Lim, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Chin Leong Lim, Lee Ching Ng

المصدر: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 5, p e2805 (2014)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Weather factors are widely studied for their effects on indicating dengue incidence trends. However, these studies have been limited due to the complex epidemiology of dengue, which involves dynamic interplay of multiple factors such as herd immunity within a population, distinct serotypes of the virus, environmental factors and intervention programs. In this study, we investigate the impact of weather factors on dengue in Singapore, considering the disease epidemiology and profile of virus serotypes. A Poisson regression combined with Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM) was used to evaluate and compare the impact of weekly Absolute Humidity (AH) and other weather factors (mean temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and wind speed) on dengue incidence from 2001 to 2009. The same analysis was also performed on three sub-periods, defined by predominant circulating serotypes. The performance of DLNM regression models were then evaluated through the Akaike's Information Criterion. From the correlation and DLNM regression modeling analyses of the studied period, AH was found to be a better predictor for modeling dengue incidence than the other unique weather variables. Whilst mean temperature (MeanT) also showed significant correlation with dengue incidence, the relationship between AH or MeanT and dengue incidence, however, varied in the three sub-periods. Our results showed that AH had a more stable impact on dengue incidence than temperature when virological factors were taken into consideration. AH appeared to be the most consistent factor in modeling dengue incidence in Singapore. Considering the changes in dominant serotypes, the improvements in vector control programs and the inconsistent weather patterns observed in the sub-periods, the impact of weather on dengue is modulated by these other factors. Future studies on the impact of climate change on dengue need to take all the other contributing factors into consideration in order to make meaningful public policy recommendations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4006725?pdf=renderTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f5ec9b4948204b7b852ef79bd1f310f4Test

المؤلفون: Pearl Shuang Ye Tong, Anita Sugam Kale, Kailyn Ng, Amelia Peiwen Loke, Mahesh Arjandas Choolani, Chin Leong Lim, Yiong Huak Chan, Yap Seng Chong, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Eu-Leong Yong

المصدر: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-1 (2016)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13756-016-0125-4Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2047-2994Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/90452a3f27fd48db874d73cc363a852aTest

المؤلفون: Sri Sumartiningsih, Setya Rahayu, Eko Handoyo, Jung-Charng Lin, Chin Leong Lim, Michal Starczewski, Philip X. Fuchs, Chia-Hua Kuo

المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 19; Issue 5; Pages: 2902

مصطلحات موضوعية: e-cigarette, nicotine, vaping, tobacco, heart rate, glucose

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Lactate is a metabolite produced during anaerobic glycolysis for ATP resynthesis, which accumulates during hypoxia and muscle contraction. Tobacco smoking significantly increases blood lactate. Here we conducted a counter-balanced crossover study to examine whether this effect is associated with inhaling nicotine or burned carbon particles. Fifteen male smokers (aged 23 to 26 years) were randomized into 3 inhalation conditions: tobacco smoking, nicotine vaping, and nicotine-free vaping, conducted two days apart. An electronic thermal evaporator (e-cigarette) was used for vaping. We have observed an increased blood lactate (+62%, main effect: p < 0.01) and a decreased blood glucose (−12%, main effect: p < 0.05) during thermal air inhalations regardless of the content delivered. Exercise-induced lactate accumulation and shuttle run performance were similar for the 3 inhalation conditions. Tobacco smoking slightly increased the resting heart rate above the two vaping conditions (p < 0.05), implicating the role of burned carbon particles on sympathetic stimulation, independent of nicotine and thermal air. The exercise response in the heart rate was similar for the 3 conditions. The results of the study suggest that acute hypoxia was induced by breathing thermal air. This may explain the reciprocal increases in lactate and decreases in glucose. The impaired lung function in oxygen delivery of tobacco smoking is unrelated to nicotine.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Exercise and Health; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052902Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052902Test

المؤلفون: Chin Leong Lim

المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 17; Issue 21; Pages: 7795

مصطلحات موضوعية: thermoregulation, global warming, heat, work, exercise, hydration, fluid, acclimatization, acclimation

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: The international community has recognized global warming as an impending catastrophe that poses significant threat to life on earth. In response, the signatories of the Paris Agreement (2015) have committed to limit the increase in global mean temperature to <1.5 °C from pre-industry period, which is defined as 1850–1890. Considering that the protection of human life is a central focus in the Paris Agreement, the naturally endowed properties of the human body to protect itself from environmental extremes should form the core of an integrated and multifaceted solution against global warming. Scholars believe that heat and thermoregulation played important roles in the evolution of life and continue to be a central mechanism that allows humans to explore, labor and live in extreme conditions. However, the international effort against global warming has focused primarily on protecting the environment and on the reduction of greenhouse gases by changing human behavior, industrial practices and government policies, with limited consideration given to the nature and design of the human thermoregulatory system. Global warming is projected to challenge the limits of human thermoregulation, which can be enhanced by complementing innate human thermo-plasticity with the appropriate behavioral changes and technological innovations. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to discuss the fundamental concepts and physiology of human thermoregulation as the underlying bases for human adaptation to global warming. Potential strategies to extend human tolerance against environmental heat through behavioral adaptations and technological innovations will also be discussed. An important behavioral adaptation postulated by this review is that sleep/wake cycles would gravitate towards a sub-nocturnal pattern, especially for outdoor activities, to avoid the heat in the day. Technologically, the current concept of air conditioning the space in the room would likely steer towards the concept of targeted body surface cooling. The ...

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217795Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217795Test