مستخلص: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus using a charge roller for uniformly charging the surface of a photoconductive element, or image carrier, during image formation, and a charging device having the charge roller. The charging efficiency is enhanced, and a uniform charge distribution is set up by the application of a DC voltage only. This suppresses the increase in the cost of an apparatus, the increase in power source cost, and the generation of a great amount of ozone. As a result, a charging member and a photoconductive element are prevented from being deteriorated while environmental pollution is eliminated.

مستخلص: In a charging device included in an image forming apparatus for charging an image carrier uniformly, a charge roller has an elastic layer and a surface layer. The elastic layer is made of a substance having a medium electric resistance and having no conductive particles dispersed therein. The surface layer is made of a non-adhering substance having a greater non-adhering property than the substance constituting the elastic layer.

مستخلص: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus using a charge roller for uniformly charging the surface of a photoconductive element, or image carrier, during image formation, and a charging device having the charge roller. The charging efficiency is enhanced, and a uniform charge distribution is set up by the application of a DC voltage only. This suppresses the increase in the cost of an apparatus, the increase in power source cost, and the generation of a great amount of ozone. As a result, a charging member and a photoconductive element are prevented from being deteriorated while environmental pollution is eliminated.

مستخلص: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus using a charge roller for uniformly charging the surface of a photoconductive element, or image carrier, during image formation, and a charging device having the charge roller. The charging efficiency is enhanced, and a uniform charge distribution is set up by the application of a DC voltage only. This suppresses the increase in the cost of an apparatus, the increase in power source cost, and the generation of a great amount of ozone. As a result, a charging member and a photoconductive element are prevented from being deteriorated while environmental pollution is eliminated.

المؤلفون: Kano, Yoko, Chiba, Masako, Yagita, Akikuni, Shiohara, Tetsuo

المصدر: International Journal of Dermatology ; volume 36, issue 4, page 280-282 ; ISSN 0011-9059 1365-4632

الوصف: A 61‐year‐old woman was seen with a 1‐month history of a widespread eruption over the trunk and extremities. She also had an asymptomatic tumor in the neck that had developed 8 years earlier. Examination revealed generalized, erythematous scaling plaques over the trunk, arms, and extremities (Fig. 1). An ultrasound and radioisotope scan of the neck disclosed a soft tissue mass compatible with thyroid carcinoma. Laboratory tests showed a white cell count of 9.8X10 9 /L, and triiodothyronine, thyroxin, and calcium levels within the normal range. The thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level was 6.3 μIU/mL (normal range 0.33–3.6 μIU/mL), and thyroglobulin was 320 μg/mL (normal range 14–31 μg/mL). A skin biopsy specimen from the upper portion of the arm showed hyperkeratosis with focal parakeratosis and elongation of the rete ridges. The dermis showed mild papillary edema and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration compatible with psoriasis vulgaris. After the biopsy, ampicillin, 1000 mg daily, was administered for 21 days; however, the lesions were unchanged. The patient was then operated on with excision of the thyroid cancer and the regional lymph nodes. Histopathologic examination disclosed an adenocarcinoma of the thyroid; the lymph nodes were infiltrated by tumor cells. After the operation, cefazolin, 2000 mg daily, was given for 9 days. At 2 weeks postoperatively, the lesions began to subside without any dermatologic treatment and then resolved completely within 1 month of the operation (Fig. 2). Three weeks after the excision of the tumor, the patient started to receive levothyroxine sodium (T4), 0.1 mg daily, to compensate for low thyroid hormone production. Within the second postoperative month, TSH, triiodothyronine, and thyroglobulin returned to normal. After excision of the carcinoma, her psoriatic lesions, remained in remission for an additional 5 months without any dermatologic treatment.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1997.tb03044.xTest