المؤلفون: Cowan, FM, Davey, C, Fearon, E, Mushati, P, Dirawo, J, Chabata, S, Cambiano, V, Napierala, S, Hanisch, D, Wong-Gruenwald, R, Masuka, N, Mabugo, T, Hatzold, K, Mugurungi, O, Busza, J, Phillips, A, Hargreaves, JR

المصدر: The Lancet HIV , 5 (8) e417-e426. (2018)

الوصف: BACKGROUND: Strengthening engagement of female sex workers with health services is needed to eliminate HIV. We assessed the efficacy of a targeted combination intervention for female sex workers in Zimbabwe. METHODS: We did a cluster-randomised trial from 2014 to 2016. Clusters were areas surrounding female sex worker clinics and were enrolled in matched pairs. Sites were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive usual care (free sexual-health services supported by peer educators, including HIV testing on demand, referral for antiretroviral therapy [ART], and health education) or an intervention that supported additional regular HIV testing, on-site initiation of ART, pre-exposure prophylaxis, adherence, and intensified community mobilisation. The primary outcome was the proportion of all female sex workers with HIV viral load 1000 copies per mL or greater, assessed through respondent-driven sampling surveys. We used an adapted cluster-summary approach to estimate risk differences. This trial is registered with Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, number PACTR201312000722390. RESULTS: We randomly assigned 14 clusters to usual care or the intervention (seven in each group). 3612 female sex workers attended clinics in the usual-care clusters and 4619 in the intervention clusters during the study. Half as many were tested (1151 vs 2606) and diagnosed as being HIV positive (546 vs 1052) in the usual-care clusters. The proportion of all female sex workers with viral loads of 1000 copies per mL or greater fell in both study groups (from 421 [30%] of 1363 to 279 [19%] of 1443 in the usual-care group and from 399 [30%] of 1303 to 240 [16%] of 1439 in the intervention group), but with a risk difference at the end of the assessment period of only -2·8% (95% CI -8·1 to 2·5, p=0·23). Among HIV-positive women, the proportions with viral loads less than 1000 copies per mL were 590 (68%) of 869 in the usual-care group and 588 (72%) of 828 in the intervention group at the end of the assessment period, adjusted risk difference of 5·3% ...

وصف الملف: text

العلاقة: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10053530/1/1-s2.0-S2352301818301115-main.pdfTest; https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10053530Test/

الإتاحة: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10053530/1/1-s2.0-S2352301818301115-main.pdfTest
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10053530Test/

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Contreras-Loya, D, La Hera-Fuentes, G, Salas-Ortiz, A, Kwan, A, Condo, J, Dzekedzeke, K, Galárraga, O, Martinson, N, Nsanzimana, S, Torres-Rueda, S, Weiss, H, Wambura, M, Mahler, H, Chilongani, J, Kuringe, E, Hayes, R, Plotkin, M, Makokha, M, Hellar, A, Schutte, C, Mshana, G, Larke, N, Changalucha, J, Terris-Prestholt, F, Gotham, D, Barber, M, Fortunak, J, Pozniak, A, Hill, A

العلاقة: pii: 21264; Ericsen, A., Lauck, M., Mohns, M., Dinapoli, S., Mutschler, J., Greene, J., Weinfurter, J., Lehrer-Brey, G., Crosno, K., Peterson, E., Reynolds, M., Wiseman, R., Burwitz, B., Sacha, J., Friedrich, T., Brenchley, J., O'Connor, D., Xu, C., He, T. ,. Hill, A. (2016). Oral abstracts of the 21st International AIDS Conference 18-22 July 2016, Durban, South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc, 19 (6 Suppl 5), pp.21264-. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.6.21264Test.; http://hdl.handle.net/11343/253161Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.6.21264Test
http://hdl.handle.net/11343/253161Test

المؤلفون: Hensen, B, Machingura, F, Busza, J, Birdthistle, I, Chabata, S, Chiyaka, T, Floyd, S, Jamali, G, Mushati, P, Hargreaves, J, Cowan, Frances

المصدر: JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol 88, Issue 1, pp. 45-56.

مصطلحات موضوعية: WA 309 Women's health, WC 503 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV infections, WC 503.6 Prevention and control

الوصف: Adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 account for ~26% of new HIV infections in eastern and southern Africa.1 Among this population, young women who sell sex (YWSS) are at particularly high risk of HIV, reporting higher numbers of partners and less condom use than their peers not involved in sex work, and having poorer access to health services than older female sex workers (FSW).2–4 Reducing HIV incidence among YWSS requires combination prevention that is responsive to their needs and addresses barriers to their service use.5 Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is efficacious when taken as prescribed.6,7 As YWSS often struggle to negotiate condom use, PrEP offers women more choice and control over their sexual health.8 For PrEP to be effective at population-levels, individuals must have high demand, PrEP services need to be available, accessible and acceptable, and those who initiate PrEP must adhere during periods of use. To maximise the potential impact of PrEP, cascades and continuums have been used to identify gaps in delivery and use,9 and target programmes to support initiation, and optimise adherence and continued use.10 In Zimbabwe, YWSS were among the target population for the DREAMS initiative, which sought to reduce HIV incidence by 40% among adolescent girls and young women in 10 African countries.11,12 In districts where DREAMS funding was available, PrEP availability was a key service for YWSS combined with efforts to increase demand and support use. We previously showed that, while it is plausible that DREAMS may have contributed to reduced HIV risk among YWSS, it did not achieve 40% reduction in HIV incidence.13 We also showed that new HIV infections did not differ by ever-reporting PrEP use in 2019. To inform efforts to support PrEP use among YWSS, we constructed a PrEP cascade to investigate and understand reasons for gaps in PrEP use, and explored whether factors likely to influence demand for and opportunities to access PrEP were associated with uptake.

وصف الملف: text

العلاقة: https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/17657/1/HIV_PrEP_cascade_20210408_clean.docxTest; Hensen, B, Machingura, F, Busza, J, Birdthistle, I, Chabata, S, Chiyaka, T, Floyd, S, Jamali, G, Mushati, P, Hargreaves, J and Cowan, Frances orcid:0000-0003-3087-4422 (2021) 'How can we support the use of oral PrEP among young women who sell sex? A PrEP cascade analysis'. JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol 88, Issue 1, pp. 45-56.

الإتاحة: https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/17657Test/
https://journals.lww.com/jaids/Abstract/9000/How_can_we_support_the_use_of_oral_PrEP_among.95869.aspxTest
https://archive.lstmed.ac.uk/17657/1/HIV_PrEP_cascade_20210408_clean.docxTest

المؤلفون: Hanaoka, K., Tsuboi, T., Takahashi, S., Ueda, K., Chabata, S.

المصدر: [1991] Proceedings of the 20th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1109/eeic.1991.162584Test
http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx2/545/4227/00162584.pdf?arnumber=162584Test

المؤلفون: Jumonji, S., Senoo, J., Ueda, K., Chabata, S., Amano, S., Ono, A.

المصدر: Proceedings:Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding Conference

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1109/eeic.1995.482493Test
http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx2/3484/10313/00482493.pdf?arnumber=482493Test

المؤلفون: Chabata, Sungai T, Fearon, Elizabeth, Webb, Emily L, Weiss, Helen A, Hargreaves, James R, Cowan, Frances M

المصدر: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Vol 6, Iss 2, p e15044 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: BackgroundPopulation size estimates (PSEs) for hidden populations at increased risk of HIV, including female sex workers (FSWs), are important to inform public health policy and resource allocation. The service multiplier method (SMM) is commonly used to estimate the sizes of hidden populations. We used this method to obtain PSEs for FSWs at 9 sites in Zimbabwe and explored methods for assessing potential biases that could arise in using this approach. ObjectiveThis study aimed to guide the assessment of biases that arise when estimating the population sizes of hidden populations using the SMM combined with respondent-driven sampling (RDS) surveys. MethodsWe conducted RDS surveys at 9 sites in late 2013, where the Sisters with a Voice program (the program), which collects program visit data of FSWs, was also present. Using the SMM, we obtained PSEs for FSWs at each site by dividing the number of FSWs who attended the program, based on program records, by the RDS-II weighted proportion of FSWs who reported attending this program in the previous 6 months in the RDS surveys. Both the RDS weighting and SMM make a number of assumptions, potentially leading to biases if the assumptions are not met. To test these assumptions, we used convergence and bottleneck plots to assess seed dependence of RDS-II proportion estimates, chi-square tests to assess if there was an association between the characteristics of FSWs and their knowledge of program existence, and logistic regression to compare the characteristics of FSWs attending the program with those recruited to RDS surveys. ResultsThe PSEs ranged from 194 (95% CI 62-325) to 805 (95% CI 456-1142) across 9 sites from May to November 2013. The 95% CIs for the majority of sites were wide. In some sites, the RDS-II proportion of women who reported program use in the RDS surveys may have been influenced by the characteristics of selected seeds, and we also observed bottlenecks in some sites. There was no evidence of association between characteristics of FSWs and knowledge of program existence, and in the majority of sites, there was no evidence that the characteristics of the populations differed between RDS and program data. ConclusionsWe used a series of rigorous methods to explore potential biases in our PSEs. We were able to identify the biases and their potential direction, but we could not determine the ultimate direction of these biases in our PSEs. We have evidence that the PSEs in most sites may be biased and a suggestion that the bias is toward underestimation, and this should be considered if the PSEs are to be used. These tests for bias should be included when undertaking population size estimation using the SMM combined with RDS surveys.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://publichealth.jmir.org/2020/2/e15044Test/; https://doaj.org/toc/2369-2960Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/099c4a38fc354a60a66cbfc1da938a47Test

المؤلفون: Jumonji, S., Senoo, J., Ueda, K., Chabata, S., Amano, S., Ono, A.

المصدر: Proceedings:Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference & Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding Conference; 1995, p557-563, 7p

المؤلفون: Ito, K., Ueda, K., Nakano, K., Hanaoka, K., Chabata, S.

المصدر: 1985 EIC 17th Electrical/Electronics Insulation Conference; 1985, p192-197, 6p

المؤلفون: Ito, K., Ueda, K., Nakano, K., Chabata, S., Iizuka, H., Miyako, H.

المصدر: 1983 EIC 6th Electrical/Electronical Insulation Conference; 1983, p309-314, 6p

المؤلفون: Takahashi, S., Hanaoka, K., Chabata, S., Tsuboi, T., Ito, K., Yotsuya, K.

المصدر: Proceedings of the 19th Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference,; 1989, p173-179, 7p