-
1دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: JMIR Formative Research, Vol 5, Iss 4, p e21678 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine
الوصف: BackgroundStress, burnout, and mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are common, and can significantly impact workplaces through absenteeism and reduced productivity. To address this issue, organizations must first understand the extent of the difficulties by mapping the mental health of their workforce. Online surveys are a cost-effective and scalable approach to achieve this but typically have low response rates, in part due to a lack of interactivity. Chatbots offer one potential solution, enhancing engagement through simulated natural human conversation and use of interactive features. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore if a text-based chatbot is a feasible approach to engage and motivate employees to complete a workplace mental health assessment. This paper describes the design process and results of a pilot implementation. MethodsA fully automated chatbot (“Viki”) was developed to evaluate employee risks of suffering from depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, burnout, and work-related stress. Viki uses a conversation style and gamification features to enhance engagement. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to gain first insights of a pilot implementation within a small to medium–sized enterprise (120 employees). ResultsThe response rate was 64.2% (77/120). In total, 98 employees started the assessment, 77 of whom (79%) completed it. The majority of participants scored in the mild range for anxiety (20/40, 50%) and depression (16/28, 57%), in the moderate range for stress (10/22, 46%), and at the subthreshold level for insomnia (14/20, 70%) as defined by their questionnaire scores. ConclusionsA chatbot-based workplace mental health assessment seems to be a highly engaging and effective way to collect anonymized mental health data among employees with response rates comparable to those of face-to-face interviews.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
2رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: Cavanagh, Kate Frances
المساهمون: Wang, Wang, Allsopp, Duncan, Shields, Philip
مصطلحات موضوعية: 621.3
الوصف: This thesis details research centering around GaN based light emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at non-standard wavelengths i.e. outside of the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The first part of the work focuses on developing a simple procedure which allows for the characterisation for loss mechanisms in high indium content LEDs. A strong quantum confined stark effect was observed and had a strong correlation with Poole-Frenkle emission, high forward and reverse bias leakage currents, reverse bias emission and suppressed light emission. These effects are largely attributed to epitaxy. The use of thin metal interlayer was studied as a means of improving current spreading layers. It was found that the inclusion of a thin Ni layer improved the contact resistance, leakage and wall plug efficiency of devices with both ITO and AZO contacts. Further to this it was found that annealing in O_2 and slightly increasing the thickness of the metal layer improved device characteristics. Finally a series of experiments showed that a structure free of a p-type layer could be used as a source of UV emission. These devices exhibited resonant tunnelling behaviour which correlated to enhanced light output.
-
3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Strauss, Clara, Bibby-Jones, Anna-Marie, Jones, Fergal, Byford, Sarah, Heslin, Margaret, Parry, Glenys, Barkham, Michael, Lea, Laura, Crane, Rebecca, de Visser, Richard, Arbon, Amy, Rosten, Claire, Cavanagh, Kate
المصدر: Strauss , C , Bibby-Jones , A-M , Jones , F , Byford , S , Heslin , M , Parry , G , Barkham , M , Lea , L , Crane , R , de Visser , R , Arbon , A , Rosten , C & Cavanagh , K 2023 , ' Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Supported Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Self-help Compared With Supported Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Self-help for Adults Experiencing Depression : The Low-Intensity Guided Help Through Mindfulness (LIGHTMind) Randomized Clinical Trial ' , JAMA psychiatry , vol. 80 , no. 5 , pp. ....
مصطلحات موضوعية: Psychiatry and Mental health
الوصف: IMPORTANCE: Depression is prevalent. Treatment guidelines recommend practitioner-supported cognitive behavioral therapy self-help (CBT-SH) for mild to moderate depression in adults; however, dropout rates are high. Alternative approaches are required. OBJECTIVE: To determine if practitioner-supported mindfulness-based cognitive therapy self-help (MBCT-SH) is superior to practitioner-supported CBT-SH at reducing depressive symptom severity at 16 weeks postrandomization among patients with mild to moderate depression and secondarily to examine if practitioner-supported MBCT-SH is cost-effective compared with practitioner-supported CBT-SH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was an assessor- and participant-blinded superiority randomized clinical trial with 1:1 automated online allocation stratified by center and depression severity comparing practitioner-supported MBCT-SH with practitioner-supported CBT-SH for adults experiencing mild to moderate depression. Recruitment took place between November 24, 2017, and January 31, 2020. The study took place in 10 publicly funded psychological therapy services in England (Improving Access to Psychological Therapies [IAPT]). A total of 600 clients attending IAPT services were assessed for eligibility, and 410 were enrolled. Participants met diagnostic criteria for mild to moderate depression. Data were analyzed from January to October 2021. INTERVENTIONS: Participants received a copy of either an MBCT-SH or CBT-SH workbook and were offered 6 support sessions with a trained practitioner. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The preregistered primary outcome was Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score at 16 weeks postrandomization. The primary analysis was intention-to-treat with treatment arms masked. RESULTS: Of 410 randomized participants, 255 (62.2%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 32 (25-45) years. At 16 weeks postrandomization, practitioner-supported MBCT-SH (n = 204; mean [SD] PHQ-9 score, 7.2 [4.8]) led to significantly greater reductions in depression symptom ...
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutputs/clinical-effectiveness-and-costeffectiveness-of-supported-mindfulnessbased-cognitive-therapy-selfhelp-compared-with-supported-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-selfhelp-for-adults-experiencing-depressionTest(a51c9f0c-daf1-44e2-a01b-7fa624a2ea16).html
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0222Test
https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutputs/clinical-effectiveness-and-costeffectiveness-of-supported-mindfulnessbased-cognitive-therapy-selfhelp-compared-with-supported-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-selfhelp-for-adults-experiencing-depressionTest(a51c9f0c-daf1-44e2-a01b-7fa624a2ea16).html
https://research.bangor.ac.uk/ws/files/55508693/jamapsychiatry_strauss_2023_oi_230008_1678306009.03896.pdfTest -
4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Economides, Marcos, Male, Rhian, Bolton, Heather, Cavanagh, Kate
الوصف: Study Objectives Many adults without a diagnosed sleep disorder report poor sleep. Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of app-based audio tools to aid sleep by the general public, yet there is a paucity of evidence on whether such tools are efficacious. This study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of two categories of audio tools, comprising music and narrated stories, featured on the Unmind app. Methods We conducted an online, parallel, multi-arm, external pilot randomized controlled trial, with two intervention arms and a waitlist (WL) control group. Participants were working adults who were screened for poor sleep. Feasibility was assessed via objective and self-report measures. Preliminary efficacy was evaluated via self-report measures of sleep disturbance, work productivity, and other mental health outcomes, captured at baseline (t0) and following a 4-week intervention period (t1), and analyzed using mixed effects models with intention-to-treat principles. Results Three hundred participants were randomized, and 92% were retained at t1. 90.5% of participants completed at least one intervention session. 82.1% reported being “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with their intervention, and 84.3% rated their intervention as “good” or “excellent.” The between-group Hedges’ g effect size for sleep disturbance was 0.92 [0.63–1.22] and 1.09 [0.80–1.39] for the two interventions compared to the WL group. Conclusions Both interventions are feasible and acceptable. Preliminary efficacy findings suggest that audio tools designed to aid sleep could have widespread financial and public health implications, and should be investigated in a definitive trial. Clinical Trial International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN), 12614821, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12614821Test.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/112527/4/zsad053.pdfTest; Economides, Marcos, Male, Rhian, Bolton, Heather and Cavanagh, Kate (2023) Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of app-based audio tools to improve sleep health in working adults experiencing poor sleep: a multi-arm randomized pilot trial. Sleep. zsad053 1-16. ISSN 0161-8105
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad053Test
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/112527Test/
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/112527/4/zsad053.pdfTest -
5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Fincham, Guy, Montero-Marin, Jesus, Strauss, Clara, Cavanagh, Kate
الوصف: Deliberate control of the breath (breathwork) has recently received an unprecedented surge in public interest and breathing techniques have therapeutic potential to improve mental health. Our meta-analysis primarily aimed to evaluate the efficacy of breathwork through examining whether, and to what extent, breathwork interventions were associated with lower levels of self-reported/subjective stress compared to non-breathwork controls. We searched PsycInfo, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and ISRCTN up to February 2022, initially identifying 1325 results. The primary outcome self-reported/subjective stress included 12 randomised-controlled trials (k = 12) with a total of 785 adult participants. Most studies were deemed as being at moderate risk of bias. The random-effects analysis yielded a significant small-to-medium mean effect size, g = − 0.35 [95% CI − 0.55, − 0.14], z = 3.32, p = 0.0009, showing breathwork was associated with lower levels of stress than control conditions. Heterogeneity was intermediate and approaching significance, χ211 = 19, p = 0.06, I2 = 42%. Meta-analyses for secondary outcomes of self-reported/subjective anxiety (k = 20) and depressive symptoms (k = 18) showed similar significant effect sizes: g = − 0.32, p < 0.0001, and g = − 0.40, p < 0.0001, respectively. Heterogeneity was moderate and significant for both. Overall, results showed that breathwork may be effective for improving stress and mental health. However, we urge caution and advocate for nuanced research approaches with low risk-of-bias study designs to avoid a miscalibration between hype and evidence.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/110061/1/s41598-022-27247-y.pdfTest; Fincham, Guy, Montero-Marin, Jesus, Strauss, Clara and Cavanagh, Kate (2023) Effect of breathwork on stress and mental health: a meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials. Scientific Reports, 13. e432 1-14. ISSN 2045-2322
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27247-yTest
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/110061Test/
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/110061/1/s41598-022-27247-y.pdfTest -
6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Gonslaves, Pattie, Bhat, Bhargav, Sharma, Rhea, Jambhale, Abhijeet, Chodankar, Bindiya, Verma, Mamta, Hodgson, Eleanor, Weiss, Helen, Leurent, Baptiste, Cavanagh, Kate, Fairburn, Christopher, Cuijpers, Pim, Michelson, Daniel, Patel, Vikram
الوصف: Background “POD Adventures” is a gamified problem-solving intervention delivered via a smartphone app and supported by non-specialist counsellors for a target population of secondary school students in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of undertaking a randomized controlled trial of POD Adventures when delivered online with telephone support from counsellors. Method We conducted a parallel, two-arm, individually randomized pilot-controlled trial with 11 secondary schools in Goa, India. Participants received either the POD Adventures intervention delivered over four weeks or usual care comprising information about local mental health services and national helplines. Outcomes were assessed at two timepoints: baseline and six weeks post randomization. Results 79 classroom sensitisation sessions reaching a total of 1575 students were conducted. 92 self-initiated study referrals (5.8%) were received, however only 11 participants enrolled in the study. No intervention arm participants completed the intervention. Outcomes at six weeks were not available for intervention arm participants (n=5) and only four control arm participants completed outcomes. No qualitative interviews or user satisfaction measures were completed as participants could not be reached by the study team. Conclusions Despite modifications to address barriers arising from COVID-19 restrictions, online delivery was not feasible in the study context. Low recruitment and missing feasibility and acceptability data make it difficult to draw conclusions about intervention engagement and indicative clinical outcomes. Prior findings that showed high uptake, adherence and engagement with POD Adventures when delivered in a school-based context suggest that an online study and delivery posed the biggest barriers to study participation and engagement.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/109748/4/pilot-randomised-controlled-trial-of-a-remotely-delivered-online-intervention-for-adolescent-mental-health-problems-in-india-lessons-learned-about-low-acceptability-and-feasibility-during-the-covid-19.pdfTest; Gonslaves, Pattie, Bhat, Bhargav, Sharma, Rhea, Jambhale, Abhijeet, Chodankar, Bindiya, Verma, Mamta, Hodgson, Eleanor, Weiss, Helen, Leurent, Baptiste, Cavanagh, Kate, Fairburn, Christopher, Cuijpers, Pim, Michelson, Daniel and Patel, Vikram (2023) Pilot randomised controlled trial of a remotely delivered online intervention for adolescent mental health problems in India: lessons learned about low acceptability and feasibility during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open, 9 (1). pp. 1-8. ISSN 2056-4724
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.624Test
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/109748Test/
http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/109748/4/pilot-randomised-controlled-trial-of-a-remotely-delivered-online-intervention-for-adolescent-mental-health-problems-in-india-lessons-learned-about-low-acceptability-and-feasibility-during-the-covid-19.pdfTest -
7دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Drews‐Windeck, Elea, Greenwood, Kathryn, Cavanagh, Kate
المساهمون: University of Sussex, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
المصدر: Journal of Clinical Psychology ; volume 79, issue 9, page 2155-2185 ; ISSN 0021-9762 1097-4679
الوصف: Objectives The present review investigates the impact of digital interventions for individuals with features of borderline personality disorder (BPD)/emotional unstable personality disorder (EUPD) as digital interventions show promise as therapeutic tools in underserved groups. BPD/EUPD features are identified as clinically relevant, yet previous reviews on the use of digital interventions fail to include subthreshold symptomatology. Methods Five online databases were searched for terminology in three categories: BPD/EUPD and related symptoms, mental‐health interventions, and digital technology. Additionally, four relevant journals and two trial registers were searched for additional papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results Twelve articles met all inclusion criteria. Meta‐analyses revealed statistically significant differences in symptom measures between intervention and control groups at postintervention and decreases in BPD/EUPD symptomatology and well‐being from pre‐ to postintervention. Service users' engagement, satisfaction, and acceptability of interventions were high. Results support the previous literature on the value of using digital interventions in populations with BPD/EUPD. Conclusion Overall, it was identified that digital interventions show promise for successful implementation with this population.
-
8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Miles, Eleanor, Matcham, Faith, Strauss, Clara, Cavanagh, Kate
المصدر: Mindfulness ; volume 14, issue 12, page 2988-3005 ; ISSN 1868-8527 1868-8535
مصطلحات موضوعية: Applied Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Health (social science), Social Psychology
الوصف: Objectives The benefits of mindfulness meditation can only be achieved if it is practiced, but health behavior research tells us that initiating and maintaining long-term behavior change is difficult. We propose that mindfulness meditation can be usefully viewed as a health behavior and that this perspective generates insights into how individuals can be supported to develop a healthy habit of mindfulness practice. Method We synthesize health behavior models with research on mindfulness practice and with mindfulness curricula to develop the Sussex Mindfulness MEDitation (SuMMed) model. This new theoretical model of mindfulness meditation as a health behavior outlines the stages individuals progress through as they develop a sustained habit of meditation and the processes that facilitate transition between these stages. We contextualize these processes within existing curricula and outline how they could be further supported. Results Our model generates a roadmap for future research as well as practical suggestions tailored to individuals at different stages of behavior change. In particular, our model highlights the need to support individuals to continue practice beyond formal instruction, and suggests how maintenance of a meditation habit could be facilitated. Conclusions Mindfulness meditation can be viewed as a health behavior, and understanding mindfulness practice through this lens can help bridge the challenges associated with developing and sustaining mindfulness practice.
-
9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Fincham, Guy W., Strauss, Clara, Cavanagh, Kate
المساهمون: Sylff Association
المصدر: Scientific Reports ; volume 13, issue 1 ; ISSN 2045-2322
مصطلحات موضوعية: Multidisciplinary
الوصف: Breathwork may offer simple tools for stress resilience. We conducted the largest parallel randomised-controlled trial on breathwork to date (NCT05676658) wherein 400 participants on the research platform Prolific were randomised, in blocks of 2 via remote software, to coherent breathing at ~ 5.5 breaths/min or a matched attention-placebo at 12 breaths/min, for ~ 10 min/day over 4 weeks. Participants were blinded to their allocated interventions, both of which were paced with equal inhalation:exhalation ratios. There were no differences on credibility and expectancy of benefit between conditions. At the primary timepoint post-intervention for the primary outcome subjective stress, there was no significant group by time interaction ( F (1,377) = 0.089, p = 0.765, η p 2 < 0.001) nor main effect of group ( F = 0.002, p = 0.961, η p 2 < 0.001), however there was a significant main effect of time ( F = 72.1, p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.161). Similar results were found at 1-month follow-up for stress and for secondary outcomes of anxiety, depression and wellbeing. There were overall improvements on these mental health and wellbeing outcomes from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up across both groups, yet the magnitude of this improvement was not different between arms. Accordingly, we found no measurable effect of coherent breathing over and above a well-designed breathwork placebo at improving mental health and wellbeing. Methodological considerations and recommendations for robust future research are discussed. Funder: Sasakawa Young Leaders Fellowship Fund, Tokyo, Japan.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49279-8Test
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-49279-8.pdfTest
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-49279-8Test -
10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Hayward, Mark, Berry, Katherine, Bremner, Stephen, Cavanagh, Kate, Dodgson, Guy, Fowler, David, Gage, Heather, Greenwood, Kathryn, Hazell, Cassie, Bibby-Jones, Anna-Marie, Robertson, Sam, Touray, Morro, Dailey, Natalie, Strauss, Clara
المساهمون: Research for Patient Benefit Programme
المصدر: Trials ; volume 24, issue 1 ; ISSN 1745-6215
مصطلحات موضوعية: Pharmacology (medical), Medicine (miscellaneous)
الوصف: Background The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is offered to all patients with a psychosis diagnosis. However, only a minority of psychosis patients in England and Wales are offered CBT. This is attributable, in part, to the resource-intensive nature of CBT. One response to this problem has been the development of CBT in brief formats that are targeted at a single symptom and are deliverable by briefly trained therapists. We have developed Guided self-help CBT (the GiVE intervention) as a brief form of CBT for distressing voices and reported evidence for the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) when the intervention was delivered by briefly trained therapists (assistant psychologists). This study will investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the GiVE intervention when delivered by assistant psychologists following a brief training. Methods This study is a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel group, superiority RCT comparing the GiVE intervention (delivered by assistant psychologists) and treatment as usual to treatment as usual alone, recruiting across three sites, using 1:1 allocation and blind post-treatment and follow-up assessments. A nested qualitative study will develop a model for implementation. Discussion If the GiVE intervention is found to be effective when delivered by assistant psychologists, this intervention could significantly contribute to increasing access to evidence-based psychological interventions for psychosis patients. Furthermore, implementation across secondary care services within the UK’s National Health Service may pave the way for other symptom-specific and less resource-intensive CBT-informed interventions for psychosis patients to be developed and evaluated. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN registration number: 12748453. Registered on 28 September 2022.
النص الكامل