المؤلفون: Drapšin, Milica¹ (AUTHOR), Dočkal, Tereza¹ (AUTHOR), Houdek, Pavel¹ (AUTHOR), Sládek, Martin¹ (AUTHOR), Semenovykh, Kateryna¹ (AUTHOR), Sumová, Alena¹ (AUTHOR) alena.sumova@fgu.cas.cz

المصدر: Brain, Behavior & Immunity. Mar2024, Vol. 117, p255-269. 15p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CHOROID plexus, *CEREBRAL ventricles, *SLEEP duration, *SUPRACHIASMATIC nucleus, *SLEEP

مستخلص: • Choroid plexus in brain ventricles plays significant role in brain homeostasis. • Choroid plexus harbors robust circadian clock that controls its function. • Chronodisruption induces systemic proinflammatory state. • Clock in choroid plexus is resistant to inflammation but not chronodisruption. • Mechanism involves disturbed sleep patterns and glucocorticoid signaling. The choroid plexus (ChP) in the brain ventricles has a major influence on brain homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the circadian clock located in ChP is affected by chronodisruption caused by misalignment with the external light/dark cycle and/or inflammation. Adult mPer2Luc mice were maintained in the LD12:12 cycle or exposed to one of two models of chronic chronodisruption – constant light for 22–25 weeks (cLL) or 6-hour phase advances of the LD12:12 cycle repeated weekly for 12 weeks (cLD-shifts). Locomotor activity was monitored before the 4th ventricle ChP and suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) explants were recorded in real time for PER2-driven population and single-cell bioluminescence rhythms. In addition, plasma immune marker concentrations and gene expression in ChP, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were analyzed. cLL dampened the SCN clock but did not shorten the inactivity interval (sleep). cLD-shifts had no effect on the SCN clock, but transiently affected sleep duration and fragmentation. Both chronodisruption protocols dampened the ChP clock. Although immune markers were elevated in plasma and hippocampus, levels in ChP were unaffected, and unlike the liver clock, the ChP clock was resistant to lipopolysaccharide treatment. Importantly, both chronodisruption protocols reduced glucocorticoid signaling in ChP. The data demonstrate the high resistance of the ChP clock to inflammation, highlighting its role in protecting the brain from neuroinflammation, and on the other hand its high sensitivity to chronodisruption. Our results provide a novel link between human lifestyle-induced chronodisruption and the impairment of ChP-dependent brain homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Liden, Simon, Farahmand, Dan, Laurell, Katarina, 1967

المصدر: Journal of Neurosurgery. 140(5):1493-1500

مصطلحات موضوعية: cerebral ventricles, cerebrospinal fluid shunt, magnetic resonance imaging, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, shunt adjustment, performance level, ventricular volume

الوصف: OBJECTIVE MRI volumetry could be used as an alternative to invasive tests of shunt function. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the difference in ventricular volume (VV) before and after surgery and at different performance levels (PLs) of the shunt. METHODS This study was a randomized, double-blind trial with a crossover design. The study sample consisted of 36 patients (25 men, 11 women) with a median age of 76 years. All patients had idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and received a Strata shunt at the regional hospital in & Ouml;stersund, Sweden, with an initial PL of 1.5. Participants underwent MRI with volumetric sequences before surgery and four times postoperatively: at 1 month before randomization to either PL 1.0 (n = 15) or 2.5 (n = 17); at 2 months before crossover to PL 2.5 or 1.0; at 3 months before lowering the PL to 0.5; and finally, at 3 months and 1 day after surgery before resetting the PL to 1.5. VV was measured semiautomatically using quantitative MRI. Both the patient and the examiner of clinical tests and volumetry were blinded to the PL. RESULTS VV changed significantly between the presurgical level (median 129 ml) and the different shunt settings, i.e., PL 1.0 (median 115 ml), 1.5 (median 120 ml), and 2.5 (median 128 ml; p < 0.001). A unidirectional change in VV was observed for all participants between PL 1.0 and PL 2.5 (median 12 ml, range 2.1-40.7 ml, p < 0.001). No significant change was noted in VV after 24 hours at PL 0.5. Eight participants had asymptomatic subdural effusions at PL 1.0. CONCLUSIONS The consistent decrease in VV after shunt surgery and between PL 2.5 and 1.0 supports the idea that MRI volumetry could be a noninvasive method for evaluating shunt function in iNPH, preventing unnecessary shunt revisions. However, further studies on retest variability of VV as well as verification against advanced testing of shunt function are needed before a clinical implementation of this method can be performed.

وصف الملف: electronic

الوصول الحر: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-532153Test
https://doi.org/10.3171/2023.9.JNS23668Test
https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1876216/FULLTEXT01.pdfTest

العنوان البديل: Low-pressure hydrocephalus.

المؤلفون: Radovnický, T. (AUTHOR), Vokálek, F. (AUTHOR), Pištěk, K. (AUTHOR), Sameš, M. (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Česká a Slovenská Neurologie a Neurochirurgie. 2024, Vol. 87 Issue 1, p18-21. 4p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CEREBRAL ventricles, *SUBARACHNOID space, *INTRACRANIAL pressure, *INTRACRANIAL hypertension, *CEREBROSPINAL fluid, *SYMPTOMS

الملخص (بالإنجليزية): Low-pressure hydrocephalus (LPH) is a serious disease characterized by ventricular dilatation and clinical signs of intracranial hypertension, although the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricles is below the normal range. The pathophysiology of LPH remains complex and not fully understood, but it seems that a combination of mechanisms involving isolation of the ventricular system from the subarachnoid space, changes in brain tissue elasticity and compliance, and increased brain tissue permeability may play a key role. The diagnosis of LPH should be considered in patients with clinical signs of intracranial hypertension and ventricular dilatation on imaging with preserved patent CSF drainage and normal pressure settings. Treatment of LPH includes temporary therapy to ensure patient stabilization with external ventricular drainage and gradual weaning from drainage with the use of increasing intracranial pressure. Permanent treatment includes endoscopic ventriculostomy of the third ventricle and implantation of a shunt with a low differential pressure setting. The choice of the type of shunt may be individualized; only the lumbo-peritoneal type is not recommended. It should be emphasized that recognition and proper treatment of LPH are crucial, as improper treatment can lead to fatal consequences. Despite the ongoing challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of LPH, it is important that the disease is well known to the professional community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (Czech): Nízkotlaký hydrocefalus (low-pressure hydrocephalus; LPH) představuje závažné onemocnění, které je charakterizováno dilatací komorového systému a klinickými příznaky intrakraniální hypertenze, přestože tlak likvoru v mozkových komorách je pod normálními hodnotami. Patofyziologie LPH zůstává komplexní a stále ne zcela objasněná, ale zdá se, že souhra mechanizmů zahrnující izolaci komorového systému od subarachnoideálního prostoru, změny elasticity, kompliance a permeability mozkové tkáně a zvýšenou permeabilitu mozkové tkáně může hrát klíčovou roli. Diagnóza LPH by měla být zvážena u pacientů s klinickými příznaky intrakraniální hypertenze a dilatací komorového systému na zobrazovacích metodách, při zachované patentní drenáži likvoru a normálním nastavení tlaku. Léčba LPH zahrnuje dočasnou léčbu zajišťující stabilizaci pacienta pomocí zevní komorové drenáže a postupné odvykání od drenáže za pomoci zvyšování intrakraniálního tlaku. Trvalou léčbu představuje endoskopická stomie třetí komory a implantace shuntu s nízkým nastavením diferenčního tlaku. Volba typu shuntu může být individuální, nedoporučuje se pouze typ lumbo-peritoneální. Je třeba zdůraznit, že rozpoznání a řádná léčba LPH jsou klíčové, neboť nesprávná léčba může vést k fatálním následkům. Navzdory přetrvávajícím výzvám v diagnostice a léčbě LPH je důležité, aby bylo toto onemocnění odborné veřejnosti dobře známé. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Xu, Huixin¹ (AUTHOR), Dugué, Guillaume P.² (AUTHOR), Cantaut-Belarif, Yasmine³ (AUTHOR), Lejeune, François-Xavier³ (AUTHOR), Gupta, Suhasini¹ (AUTHOR), Wyart, Claire³ (AUTHOR) claire.wyart@icm-institute.org, Lehtinen, Maria K.¹ (AUTHOR) maria.lehtinen@childrens.harvard.edu

المصدر: Fluids & Barriers of the CNS. 12/5/2023, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p1-13. 13p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CEREBRAL ventricles, *KNOCKOUT mice, *SPINAL canal, *THORACIC vertebrae, *SPINE

مستخلص: Reissner's fiber (RF) is an extracellular polymer comprising the large monomeric protein SCO-spondin (SSPO) secreted by the subcommissural organ (SCO) that extends through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled ventricles into the central canal of the spinal cord. In zebrafish, RF and CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) form an axial sensory system that detects spinal curvature, instructs morphogenesis of the body axis, and enables proper alignment of the spine. In mammalian models, RF has been implicated in CSF circulation. However, challenges in manipulating Sspo, an exceptionally large gene of 15,719 nucleotides, with traditional approaches has limited progress. Here, we generated a Sspo knockout mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-editing. Sspo knockout mice lacked RF-positive material in the SCO and fibrillar condensates in the brain ventricles. Remarkably, Sspo knockout brain ventricle sizes were reduced compared to littermate controls. Minor defects in thoracic spine curvature were detected in Sspo knockouts, which did not alter basic motor behaviors tested. Altogether, our work in mouse demonstrates that SSPO and RF regulate ventricle size during development but only moderately impact spine geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Sun, Austin¹ (AUTHOR), Wang, Joanne¹ (AUTHOR) jowang@uw.edu

المصدر: Pharmaceutical Research. Nov2023, Vol. 40 Issue 11, p2667-2675. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *BLOOD-brain barrier, *CEREBRAL ventricles, *CHOROID plexus, *STEREOLOGY, *XENOBIOTICS, *FLUORESCENCE microscopy

مستخلص: Purpose: The brain is protected from circulating metabolites and xenobiotics by the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Previous studies report that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) are expressed apically or subapically at the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), implying a paradoxical function to mediate blood-to-CSF transport of xenobiotics. As evidence of P-gp and Bcrp activity at the BCSFB is limited, the goal of this study is to investigate functional activity of P-gp and Bcrp at the murine BCSFB using a live tissue imaging approach. Methods: The choroid plexuses (CP) forming the BCSFB were freshly isolated from mouse brain ventricles and incubated with fluorescent probes calcein-AM and BODIPY FL-Prazosin. Using quantitative fluorescence microscopy, the functional contributions of Bcrp and P-gp were examined using inhibitors and mice with targeted deletion of the Abcb1a/b or Abcg2 gene. Results: Apical transport of calcein-AM in choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells is sensitive to inhibition by elacridar and Ko143 but is unaffected by P-gp deletion. In wild-type mice, elacridar increased CPE accumulation of BODIPY FL-Prazosin by 220% whereas deletion of Bcrp increased BODIPY FL-Prazosin accumulation by 43%. There was no change in Mdr1a/1b mRNA expression in CP tissues from the Bcrp−/− mice. Conclusions: This study demonstrated functional activity of Bcrp at the BCSFB apical membrane and provided evidence supporting an additional contribution by P-gp. These findings contribute to the understanding of transport mechanisms that regulate CSF drug concentrations, which may benefit future predictions of CNS drug disposition, efficacy, and toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Sajja, Venkatasivasai¹ (AUTHOR), Shoge, Richard² (AUTHOR), McNeil, Elizabeth¹ (AUTHOR), Albert, Stephen Van¹ (AUTHOR), Wilder, Donna¹ (AUTHOR), Long, Joseph¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Military Medicine. 2023 Supplement, Vol. 188, p288-294. 7p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PRESSURE transducers, *CEREBRAL ventricles, *DATA acquisition systems, *CHEST compressions, *STATIC pressure

مستخلص: Introduction Simulation of blast exposure in the laboratory has been inconsistent across laboratories. This is primarily because of adoption of the shock wave–generation techniques that are used in aerodynamic tests as opposed to application of blast exposures that are relevant to combat and training environments of a Warfighter. Because of the differences in blast signatures, characteristically different pathological consequences are observed among the preclinical studies. This is also further confounded by the varied exposure positioning of the animal subject (e.g. inside the blast simulator vs. at the mouth of the simulator). In this study, we compare biomechanical responses to blast exposures created in an advanced blast simulator (ABS) that generates "free-field"-like blast exposure with those produced by a traditionally applied cylindrical blast simulator (CBS) that generates a characteristically different blast signature. In addition, we have tested soft-armor vest protective responses with the ABS and CBS to compare the biomechanical responses to this form of personal protective equipment in each setting in a rodent model. Materials and Methods Anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats (n  = 6) were surgically probed with an intrathoracic pressure (ITP) transducer and an intracranial pressure (ICP) transducer directed into the lateral cerebral ventricle (Millar, Inc.). An ABS for short-duration blast or a CBS for long-duration blast was used to expose animals to an incident blast overpressure of 14.14 psi (impulse: 30.27 psi*msec) or 16.3 psi (impulse: 71.9 psi*msec) using a custom-made holder (n  = 3-4/group). An external pitot probe located near the animal was used to measure the total pressure (tip) and static gauge (side-on) pressure. Data were recorded using a TMX-18 data acquisition system (AstroNova Inc.). MATLAB was used to analyze the recordings to identify the peak amplitudes and rise times of the pressure traces. Peak ICP, peak ITP, and their impulses were normalized by expressing them relative to the associated peak static pressure. Results Normalized impulse (ABS: 1.02 ± 0.03 [vest] vs. 1.02 ± 0.01 [no-vest]; CBS: 1.21 ± 0.07 [vest] vs. 1.01 ± 0.01 [no-vest]) and peak pressure for ICP (ABS: 1.03 ± 0.03 [vest] vs. 0.99 ± 0.04 [no-vest]; CBS: 1.06 ± 0.08 [vest] vs. 1.13 ± 0.06 [no-vest]) remained unaltered when comparisons are made between vest and no-vest groups, and the normalized peak ITP (ABS: 1.50 ± 0.02 [vest] vs. 1.24 ± 0.16 [no-vest]; CBS: 1.71 ± 0.20 [vest] vs. 1.37 ± 0.06 [no-vest]) showed a trend of an increase in the vest group compared to the no-vest group. However, impulses in short-duration ABS (0.94 ± 0.06 [vest] vs. 0.92 ± 0.13 [no-vest]) blast remained unaltered, whereas a significant increase of ITP impulse (1.21 ± 0.07 [vest] vs. 1.17 ± 0.01 [no-vest]) in CBS was observed. Conclusions The differences in the biomechanical response between ABS and CBS could be potentially attributed to the higher dynamic pressures that are imparted from long-duration CBS blasts, which could lead to chest compression and rapid acceleration/deceleration. In addition, ICP and ITP responses occur independently of each other, with no evidence of thoracic surge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Vikhe, Ganesh¹, Kawade, Ravindra², Sachdev, Yogendra³

المصدر: Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research (Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research). 2023, Vol. 14 Issue 5, p894-899. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CEREBRAL ventricles, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *MEDICAL schools, *RADIOSCOPIC diagnosis, *NEUROLOGICAL disorders

مصطلحات جغرافية: MAHARASHTRA (India)

مستخلص: Aims and objectives: A prospective study was done to establish the range of normal values of measurements of the ventricular system by use of MRI. Materials and methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Radiodiagnosis of Dr. B.V.P. Rural Medical College PIMS (DU), Loni, Maharashtra, India. All patients attending at Radiodiagnosis & Imaging Department of Dr. B.V.P. Rural Medical College and Hospital and had normal MRI scan of brain were the study population. Results: Only third ventricle width and fourth ventricle transverse width showed statistically significant results with age. Only third ventricle width showed statistically significant results with gender. Frontal Horn Width, Third Ventricle Width and Fourth Ventricle Transverse Width (FVW) showed positive significant correlation with age. Conclusion: Frontal horn width, third ventricle width and fourth ventricle transverse width (FVW) showed positive significant correlation with age. Thus, knowledge of these parameters is of immense importance while diagnosing various neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with ventriculomegaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Jia, Yanfei¹ (AUTHOR) jiayanfei1988@163.com, Cai, Kefan¹ (AUTHOR), Qiao, Ning¹ (AUTHOR), Liu, Fangzheng¹ (AUTHOR), Wu, Wentao¹ (AUTHOR), Ru, Siming¹ (AUTHOR), Xiao, Youchao¹ (AUTHOR), Cao, Lei¹ (AUTHOR), Gui, Songbai¹ (AUTHOR) guisongbai@yeah.net

المصدر: Journal of Clinical Medicine. Oct2023, Vol. 12 Issue 20, p6551. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA, *CEREBRAL ventricles, *ENDOSCOPIC surgery, *DISEASE relapse, *VISION disorders, *OPERATIVE surgery

مستخلص: Objective: The enlarged endonasal approach (EEA) has emerged as the preferred surgical procedure for removing craniopharyngiomas, due to its advantages of direct visualization and reduction of blind corners. However, owing to a low incidence of papillary CPs (PCPs) compared to adamantinomatous CPs (ACPs), a full view of PCP based on the EEA approach is limited. In this paper, the authors present the largest series to date analyzing the clinical characteristics based on the EEA approach for PCPs. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 101 PCPs patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery (EEA) and whose condition was confirmed via postoperative pathology. The PCPs were classified into three types based on MRI data and intraoperative findings from EEA: suprasellar/intra-suprasellar (3V floor intact) type (Type I), suprasellar/intra-suprasellar (3V floor invasive) type (Type II), and intra-third ventricle type (Type III). The general characteristics of the three types of tumors were summarized, and postoperative follow-up was conducted to record detailed information on changes in vision, endocrine replacement, tumor recurrence, and quality of life. Results: Out of the 101 cases, 36 (36.64%) were classified as type I, 52 (51.49%) as type II, and 13 (12.87%) as type III. The mean age of type III patients was 40.46 ± 14.15 years old, younger than the other two types (p = 0.021). Headache (84.62%) and memory decline (61.54%) were prominent features in patients with type III (p = 0.029). Visual impairment was more common in type II (80.77%, p = 0.01). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 91 patients (90.10%). There were no significant differences in GTR rates among the three types of tumors. There were significant differences in quality of life among the three types of PCP (p = 0.004), and type III presented with the highest rate of good postoperative quality of life (92.31%) based on the KPS score. Thirteen (12.87%) tumors recurred within a mean follow-up time of 38 (range, 8–63) months. Type II PCPs (OR 5.826, 95%CI 1.185–28.652, p = 0.030) and relapsed patients (OR 4.485, 95%CI 1.229–16.374, p = 0.023) were confirmed as independent risk factors for tumor recurrence. Conclusions: Most of the PCPs including intra-third ventricle PCPs can be safely and effectively removed through neuroendoscopy with EEA. Suprasellar/intra-suprasellar (third cerebral ventricle floor-invasive) type PCPs may have a worse postoperative quality of life compared to the other two types, and it may be a strong predictor of tumor recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Kim, Evgenii¹ (AUTHOR), Van Reet, Jared¹ (AUTHOR), Yoo, Seung-Schik¹ (AUTHOR) yoo@bwh.harvard.edu

المصدر: Scientific Reports. 10/9/2023, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1-11. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CEREBRAL ventricles, *SPRAGUE Dawley rats, *RODENTS, *REST periods, *ELECTRIC stimulation, *FORELIMB, *CEREBROSPINAL fluid, *SENSORIMOTOR cortex

مستخلص: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis, providing nutrition, and removing metabolic waste from the brain. However, the relationship between neuronal activity and CSF solute transport remains poorly understood. To investigate the effect of regional neuronal activity on CSF solute transport, Sprague–Dawley rats (all male, n = 30) under anesthesia received an intracisternal injection of a fluorescent tracer (Texas Red ovalbumin) and were subjected to unilateral electrical stimulation of a forelimb. Two groups (n = 10 each) underwent two different types of stimulation protocols for 90 min, one including intermittent 7.5-s resting periods and the other without rest. The control group was not stimulated. Compared to the control, the stimulation without resting periods led to increased transport across most of the cortical areas, including the ventricles. The group that received intermittent stimulation showed an elevated level of solute uptake in limited areas, i.e., near/within the ventricles and on the ventral brain surface. Interhemispheric differences in CSF solute transport were also found in the cortical regions that overlap with the forelimb sensorimotor area. These findings suggest that neuronal activity may trigger local and brain-wide increases in CSF solute transport, contributing to waste clearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Rekate, Harold L.¹ (AUTHOR) haroldrekate@gmail.com

المصدر: Child's Nervous System. Oct2023, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p2701-2708. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *HYDROCEPHALUS, *CEREBRAL ventricles, *CHOROID plexus, *CEREBROSPINAL fluid, *TWENTIETH century

مستخلص: Purpose: The purpose of this review is to assess the early work of Walter Dandy leading to a paradigm or model that led to the first classification of hydrocephalus and resulted in the development of treatments. Methods: The modern understanding of hydrocephalus begins with the works of Walter Dandy. The purpose of this review is to discuss what was changed in the second decade of the 20th century and how the outcome is useful today. As a result of his experiments during that time he was able to recognize the role of the choroid plexus in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cerebral ventricles. He then identified the role of obstruction blocking the flow of CSF from the ventricles to the absorption of CSF to the systemic vascular. As a result of those findings he showed that there were two forms of hydrocephalus and therefore the first classification of hydrocephalus into obstructive hydrocephalus and communicating hydrocephalus. Very soon after the publication of the experiments there was general agreement of this work by neurosurgeons working on hydrocephalus. The findings published in "experimental hydrocephalus" became a paradigm useful for all or the vast percentage of those neurosurgeons. Results: Dandy was the first to create a classification of hydrocephalus into obstructive and communicating hydrocephalus. He developed treatments for hydrocephalus such as removal of the choroid plexuses that remained in use until effective valved shunts became available in the 1950s. Essentially all subsequent classifications begin with this paradigm. Conclusion: Over time there have been new classifications primarily focused on specific uses. It is important that classifications in the sciences be reviewed periodically to include new findings and new ideas. Since the expectation that hydrocephalus can be treated or even cured new classifications tend to focus on the physics of CSF, the choice of treatment and the outcome in specific subgroups. These thoughts should be seen as additions to the paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]