المؤلفون: E Schmitt, C Smith, G Schulert, S Canna, A Grom, E Mellins, A Brown, J Smith, A Stevens, M Watson, S Jones, K Stewart, E Baker, A Kemp, T Davis, A Smith, S Jackson, C Williams, K Jones, T Mason, A Hanson, Y Zhao, B Thomas, A Reed, J Jones, J Cooper, T Lee, J Chang, M Holland, S Joshi, L Lim, C Ramírez, A Murphy, K Moore, E Pagano, B ferreira, S Li, P Lee, H Schmeling, K Abulaban, R Agbayani, S Akoghlanian, E Anderson, L Barillas-Arias, K Baszis, M Becker, H Bell-Brunson, H Benham, S Benseler, T Beukelman, H Brunner, H Bukulmez, L Cerracchio, E Chalom, K Chundru, J Dean, F Dedeoglu, V Dempsey, J Drew, B Feldman, P Ferguson, C Fleming, L Franco, I Goh, D Goldsmith, B Gottlieb, T Graham, T Griffin, M Hance, K Hickey, M Hollander, J Hsu, A Huber, C Hung, A Huttenlocher, L Imundo, C Inman, J Jaquith, L Jung, D Kingsbury, K Klein, M Klein-Gitelman, S Kramer, S Lapidus, D Latham, B Malla, M Malloy, A Martyniuk, K McConnell, D McCurdy, C McMullen-Jackson, L Moorthy, E Muscal, J Olson, K Onel, L Ponder, S Prahalad, C Rabinovich, S Ringold, M Riordan, A Robinson, M Rosenkranz, B Rosolowski, N Ruth, K Schikler, H Stapp, R Syed, M Tesher, A Thatayatikom, R Vehe, E von Scheven, D Wahezi, A Watts, J Weiss, J Wagner, S Kim, Y Zhang, L Favier, J Patel, S Morgan, A Jackson, J Stokes, L Marques, Stephen J Balevic, K Hayward, A White, J Nicholas, D Lovell, A Zeft, J Harris, E Lawson, C Moss, N George, M Sutter, A Cooper, M Adams, S Cooper, M Miller, C Black, R Schneider, J Taylor, R Sran, M Oliver, M Twilt, M Tóth, J Walker, M Mitchell, F De Benedetti, N Singer, M Fox, K Kaufman, A Merritt, R Stevenson, J Fuller, M Fitzgerald, A Davis, C Davis, L Henderson, J Woo, S Mohan, H Reid, Y Kimura, L Harel, R Laxer, K McCarthy, I Ferguson, E McCormick, A Hay, M Guzman, E Fox, P Hill, A PARSONS, S McGuire, J Lam, C Sandborg, B Stevens, J Boland, S Ballinger, E MENDOZA, J NOCTON, M Ritter, N Johnson, J Shirley, S Bowman, M Ibarra, S Hong, M Guevara, K James, L Santiago, A Adams, B DONALDSON, M Son, C Kremer, K Schmidt, T Wright, L Cannon, R Nicolai, M Freeman, S Spence, D Levy, J Paredes, K Gerhold, A Insalaco, T O'Brien, W Bernal, E Kessler, C Lin, M Lerman, T Hahn, B O'Brien, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Christoph P Hornik, N Abel, J Aiello, C Alejandro, E Allenspach, R Alperin, M Alpizar, G Amarilyo, W Ambler, S Ardoin, S Armendariz, I Balboni, S Balevic, L Ballenger, N Balmuri, F Barbar-Smiley, M Basiaga, E Beltz, T Bigley, B Binstadt, M Blakley, J Bohnsack, A Boneparth, C Bracaglia, E Brooks, M Brothers, M Buckley, D Bullock, B Cameron, P Carper, V Cartwright, E Cassidy, A Chang-Hoftman, V Chauhan, P Chira, T Chinn, H Clairman, D Co, A Confair, H Conlon, R Connor, C Correll, R Corvalan, D Costanzo, R Cron, L Curiel-Duran, T Curington, M Curry, A Dalrymple, D De Ranieri, M De Guzman, N Delnay, E DeSantis, T Dickson, J Dingle, E Dorsey, S Dover, J Dowling, K Driest, Q Du, K Duarte, D Durkee, E Duverger, J Dvergsten, A Eberhard, M Eckert, K Ede, B Edelheit, C Edens, Y Edgerly, M Elder, B Ervin, S Fadrhonc, C Failing, D Fair, M Falcon, S Federici, J Fennell, R Ferrucho, K Fields, T Finkel, O Flynn, L Fogel, K Fritz, S Froese, R Fuhlbrigge, D Gerstbacher, M Gilbert, M Gillispie-Taylor, E Giverc, C Godiwala, H Goheer, E Gotschlich, A Gotte, C Gracia, S Grevich, J Griswold, P Guittar, M Hager, O Halyabar, E Hammelev, S Haro, O Harry, E Hartigan, J Hausmann, J Heiart, K Hekl, M Henrickson, A Hersh, S Hillyer, L Hiraki, M Hiskey, P Hobday, C Hoffart, M Horwitz, J Huggins, J HuiYuen, J Huntington, G Janow, S Jared, C Justice, A Justiniano, N Karan, U Khalsa, B Kienzle, M Kitcharoensakkul, T Klausmeier, B Kompelien, A Kosikowski, L Kovalick, J Kracker, J Lai, B Lang, B Lapin, A Lasky, L Lentini, S Lieberman, N Ling, M Lingis, M Lo, D Lowman, N Luca, S Lvovich, C Madison, J Madison, S Magni Manzoni, J Maller, M Mannion, C Manos, S Mathus, L McAllister, P McCurdy Stokes, I McHale, A McMonagle, E Meidan, R Mercado, L Michalowski, P Miettunen, D Milojevic, E Mirizio, E Misajon, R Modica, E Morgan Dewitt, T Moussa, V Mruk, R Nadler, B Nahal, K Nanda, N Nasah, L Nassi, S Nativ, M Natter, J Neely, B Nelson, L Newhall, L Ng, P Nigrovic, B Nolan, E Oberle, B Obispo, O Okeke, K O'Neil, A Orandi, M Orlando, S Osei-Onomah, R Oz, A Paller, N Pan, S Panupattanapong, M Pardeo, K Pentakota, P Pepmueller, T Pfeiffer, K Phillippi, D Pires Marafon, R Pooni, S Pratt, S Protopapas, B Puplava, J Quach, M Quinlan-Waters, S Radhakrishna, J Rafko, J Raisian, A Rakestraw, E Ramsay, S Ramsey, R Randell, K Remmel, A Repp, A Reyes, A Richmond, M Riebschleger, M Riskalla, R Rivas-Chacon, E Rodela, M Rodriquez, K Rojas, T Ronis, H Rothermel, D Rothman, E Roth-Wojcicki, K Rouster-Stevens, T Rubinstein, N Saad, S Sabbagh, E Sacco, R Sadun, A Sanni, A Sarkissian, S Savani, L Scalzi, L Schanberg, S Scharnhorst, A Schlefman, K Schollaert-Fitch, T Seay, C Seper, J Shalen, R Sheets, A Shelly, S Shenoi, K Shergill, M Shishov, C Shivers, E Silverman, V Sivaraman, J Sletten, E Smitherman, J Soep, L Spiegel, J Spitznagle, H Srinivasalu, K Steigerwald, Y Sterba Rakovchik, S Stern, C Stingl, M Stoll, E Stringer, S Sule, J Sumner, R Sundel, G Syverson, A Szymanski, S Taber, R Tal, A Tambralli, A Taneja, T Tanner, S Tapani, G Tarshish, S Tarvin, L Tate, A Taxter, M Terry, K Tiffany, T Ting, A Tipp, D Toib, K Torok, C Toruner, H Tory, S Tse, V Tubwell, S Uriguen, T Valcarcel, H Van Mater, L Vannoy, C Varghese, N Vasquez, K Vazzana, K Veiga, J Velez, J Verbsky, G Vilar, N Volpe, S Vora, L Wagner-Weiner, H Waite, H Walters, T Wampler Muskardin, L Waqar, M Waterfield, P Weiser, P Weiss, E Wershba, A Wise, L Woolnough, E Wu, A Yalcindag, M Yee, E Yen, R Yeung, K Yomogida, Q Yu, R Zapata, A Zartoshti, R Zeft, A Zhu, C Zic, Daniel Weiner, Daniel Gonzalez, Rachel Randell, Claire Beard

المصدر: Lupus Science and Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 1 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607

الوصف: Objective Determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure–response of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) in paediatric SLE (pSLE).Methods We conducted an exploratory phase 2, direct-to-family trial. Children enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry with a diagnosis of pSLE were eligible if they were receiving HCQ as standard of care for ≥3 months. Biological samples were collected at up to four visits over a 6-month period. At each visit, plasma was obtained to measure the concentrations of HCQ and DHCQ, as well as cytokines. HCQ and DHCQ plasma PK data were analysed using a population PK modelling approach.Results Twenty-five subjects provided a total of 88 plasma concentrations for PK analysis. There was a poor linear fit between HCQ concentrations and total body weight (R2=0.03). There was a decline in both interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-gamma with higher concentrations of HCQ and DHCQ. Volume of distribution for HCQ in plasma was higher in children compared with published values in adults (73 000 L vs 44 000 L), but clearance values in children were similar to adults.Conclusions We report the first population PK model for HCQ and DHCQ in children using data from a novel direct-to-family clinical trial. We observed high interindividual variability in HCQ PK and found that weight-based dosing for HCQ is poorly correlated with drug concentrations, suggesting the need to use therapeutic drug monitoring to individualise dosing. Furthermore, our results suggest that the current weight-based dosing paradigm for HCQ may result in suboptimal drug exposures, particularly for children with obesity. Accordingly, additional studies of HCQ are needed in pSLE to determine the optimal drug concentration and dosing to reduce disease activity and improve outcomes.Trial registration number NCT04358302.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://lupus.bmj.com/content/9/1/e000811.fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2053-8790Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/20ce5e9cb2a841b29d1ddbfe3a1ed845Test

المؤلفون: E Schmitt, C Smith, G Schulert, S Canna, A Grom, E Mellins, A Brown, A Stevens, M Watson, K Stewart, E Baker, A Kemp, T Davis, A Smith, S Jackson, K Jones, T Mason, A Hanson, Y Zhao, J Jones, J Chang, M Holland, K Moore, B ferreira, H Schmeling, K Abulaban, R Agbayani, S Akoghlanian, E Anderson, L Barillas-Arias, K Baszis, M Becker, H Bell-Brunson, H Benham, S Benseler, T Beukelman, H Brunner, H Bukulmez, L Cerracchio, E Chalom, K Chundru, J Dean, F Dedeoglu, V Dempsey, J Drew, B Feldman, P Ferguson, C Fleming, L Franco, I Goh, D Goldsmith, B Gottlieb, T Graham, T Griffin, M Hance, K Hickey, M Hollander, J Hsu, A Huber, C Hung, A Huttenlocher, L Imundo, C Inman, J Jaquith, L Jung, D Kingsbury, K Klein, M Klein-Gitelman, S Kramer, S Lapidus, D Latham, B Malla, M Malloy, A Martyniuk, K McConnell, D McCurdy, C McMullen-Jackson, L Moorthy, E Muscal, J Olson, K Onel, L Ponder, S Prahalad, C Rabinovich, S Ringold, M Riordan, A Robinson, M Rosenkranz, B Rosolowski, N Ruth, K Schikler, H Stapp, R Syed, M Tesher, A Thatayatikom, R Vehe, E von Scheven, D Wahezi, A Watts, J Weiss, S Kim, J Patel, J Stokes, L Marques, Stephen J Balevic, D Lovell, A Zeft, J Harris, E Lawson, C Moss, N George, Rachel L Randell, M Adams, S Cooper, M Miller, C Black, R Schneider, J Taylor, R Sran, M Oliver, M Twilt, M Tóth, J Walker, M Mitchell, F De Benedetti, N Singer, M Fox, K Kaufman, A Merritt, R Stevenson, J Fuller, M Fitzgerald, A Davis, C Davis, L Henderson, J Woo, S Mohan, H Reid, Y Kimura, L Harel, R Laxer, K McCarthy, I Ferguson, E McCormick, M Guzman, P Hill, A PARSONS, S McGuire, J Lam, C Sandborg, B Stevens, J Boland, S Ballinger, E MENDOZA, J NOCTON, M Ritter, N Johnson, J Shirley, S Bowman, M Ibarra, S Hong, M Guevara, K James, L Santiago, A Adams, B DONALDSON, M Son, C Kremer, K Schmidt, T Wright, L Cannon, R Nicolai, M Freeman, S Spence, D Levy, J Paredes, K Gerhold, A Insalaco, T O'Brien, W Bernal, E Kessler, C Lin, M Lerman, T Hahn, B O'Brien, Lindsay Singler, Anthony Cunningham, Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez, Christoph P Hornik, N Abel, J Aiello, C Alejandro, E Allenspach, R Alperin, M Alpizar, G Amarilyo, W Ambler, S Ardoin, S Armendariz, I Balboni, S Balevic, L Ballenger, N Balmuri, F Barbar-Smiley, M Basiaga, E Beltz, T Bigley, B Binstadt, M Blakley, J Bohnsack, A Boneparth, C Bracaglia, E Brooks, M Brothers, M Buckley, D Bullock, B Cameron, P Carper, V Cartwright, E Cassidy, A Chang-Hoftman, V Chauhan, P Chira, T Chinn, H Clairman, D Co, A Confair, H Conlon, R Connor, C Correll, R Corvalan, D Costanzo, R Cron, L Curiel-Duran, T Curington, M Curry, A Dalrymple, D De Ranieri, M De Guzman, N Delnay, E DeSantis, T Dickson, J Dingle, E Dorsey, S Dover, J Dowling, K Driest, Q Du, K Duarte, D Durkee, E Duverger, J Dvergsten, A Eberhard, M Eckert, K Ede, B Edelheit, C Edens, Y Edgerly, M Elder, B Ervin, S Fadrhonc, C Failing, D Fair, M Falcon, S Federici, J Fennell, R Ferrucho, K Fields, T Finkel, O Flynn, L Fogel, K Fritz, S Froese, R Fuhlbrigge, D Gerstbacher, M Gilbert, M Gillispie-Taylor, E Giverc, C Godiwala, H Goheer, E Gotschlich, A Gotte, C Gracia, S Grevich, J Griswold, P Guittar, M Hager, O Halyabar, E Hammelev, S Haro, O Harry, E Hartigan, J Hausmann, J Heiart, K Hekl, M Henrickson, A Hersh, S Hillyer, L Hiraki, M Hiskey, P Hobday, C Hoffart, M Horwitz, J Huggins, J HuiYuen, J Huntington, G Janow, S Jared, C Justice, A Justiniano, N Karan, U Khalsa, B Kienzle, M Kitcharoensakkul, T Klausmeier, B Kompelien, A Kosikowski, L Kovalick, J Kracker, J Lai, B Lang, B Lapin, A Lasky, L Lentini, S Lieberman, N Ling, M Lingis, M Lo, D Lowman, N Luca, S Lvovich, C Madison, J Madison, S Magni Manzoni, J Maller, M Mannion, C Manos, S Mathus, L McAllister, P McCurdy Stokes, I McHale, A McMonagle, E Meidan, R Mercado, L Michalowski, P Miettunen, D Milojevic, E Mirizio, E Misajon, R Modica, E Morgan Dewitt, T Moussa, V Mruk, R Nadler, B Nahal, K Nanda, N Nasah, L Nassi, S Nativ, M Natter, J Neely, B Nelson, L Newhall, L Ng, P Nigrovic, B Nolan, E Oberle, B Obispo, O Okeke, K O'Neil, A Orandi, M Orlando, S Osei-Onomah, R Oz, A Paller, N Pan, S Panupattanapong, M Pardeo, K Pentakota, P Pepmueller, T Pfeiffer, K Phillippi, D Pires Marafon, R Pooni, S Pratt, S Protopapas, B Puplava, J Quach, M Quinlan-Waters, S Radhakrishna, J Rafko, J Raisian, A Rakestraw, E Ramsay, S Ramsey, R Randell, K Remmel, A Repp, A Reyes, A Richmond, M Riebschleger, M Riskalla, R Rivas-Chacon, E Rodela, M Rodriquez, K Rojas, T Ronis, H Rothermel, D Rothman, E Roth-Wojcicki, K Rouster-Stevens, T Rubinstein, N Saad, S Sabbagh, E Sacco, R Sadun, A Sanni, A Sarkissian, S Savani, L Scalzi, L Schanberg, S Scharnhorst, A Schlefman, K Schollaert-Fitch, T Seay, C Seper, J Shalen, R Sheets, A Shelly, S Shenoi, K Shergill, M Shishov, C Shivers, E Silverman, V Sivaraman, J Sletten, E Smitherman, J Soep, L Spiegel, J Spitznagle, H Srinivasalu, K Steigerwald, Y Sterba Rakovchik, S Stern, C Stingl, M Stoll, E Stringer, S Sule, J Sumner, R Sundel, G Syverson, A Szymanski, S Taber, R Tal, A Tambralli, A Taneja, T Tanner, S Tapani, G Tarshish, S Tarvin, L Tate, A Taxter, M Terry, K Tiffany, T Ting, A Tipp, D Toib, K Torok, C Toruner, H Tory, S Tse, V Tubwell, S Uriguen, T Valcarcel, H Van Mater, L Vannoy, C Varghese, N Vasquez, K Vazzana, K Veiga, J Velez, J Verbsky, G Vilar, N Volpe, S Vora, L Wagner-Weiner, H Waite, H Walters, T Wampler Muskardin, L Waqar, M Waterfield, P Weiser, P Weiss, E Wershba, A Wise, L Woolnough, E Wu, A Yalcindag, M Yee, E Yen, R Yeung, K Yomogida, Q Yu, R Zapata, A Zartoshti, R Zeft, A Zhu, C Zic

المصدر: Lupus Science and Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 1 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607

الوصف: Introduction Direct-to-family clinical trials efficiently provide data while reducing the participation burden for children and their families. Although these trials can offer significant advantages over traditional clinical trials, the process of designing and implementing direct-to-family studies is poorly defined, especially in children with rheumatic disease. This paper provides lessons learnt from the design and implementation of a self-controlled, direct-to-family pilot trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a medication management device on adherence to hydroxychloroquine in paediatric SLE.Methods Several design features accommodate a direct-to-family approach. Participants meeting eligibility criteria from across the USA were identified a priori through a disease registry, and all outcome data are collected remotely. The primary outcome (medication adherence) is evaluated using electronic medication event-monitoring, plasma drug levels, patient questionnaires and pill counts. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include (1) lupus disease activity measured by a remote SLE Disease Activity Index examination and the Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; and (2) hydroxychloroquine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Recruitment of the initial target of 20 participants was achieved within 10 days. Due to initial recruitment success, enrolment was increased to 26 participants. Additional participants who were interested were placed on a waiting list in case of dropouts during the study.Discussion and dissemination Direct-to-family trials offer several advantages but present unique challenges. Lessons learnt from the protocol development, design, and implementation of this trial will inform future direct-to-family trials for children and adults with rheumatic diseases. Additionally, the data collected remotely in this trial will provide critical information regarding the accuracy of teleresearch in lupus, the impact of adherence to hydroxychloroquine on disease activity and a pharmacokinetic analysis to inform paediatric-specific dosing of hydroxychloroquine.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04358302).

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://lupus.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000494.fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2053-8790Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d5bbec628c144a6fa00bd7aea695791bTest

المؤلفون: Stephanie M. Schonholz, Madison C. Edens, Axel Yannick Epié, Sophie Karwoska Kligler, Kim A. Baranowski, Elizabeth K. Singer

المصدر: Annals of Global Health, Vol 86, Iss 1 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Background: There is consensus among many medical school deans that exposure to human rights is a necessary component of physician training [7, 8], however little is known about the impact of engagement in human rights programs on students’ personal and professional development [15–28]. Objective: This study aimed to examine medical students’ experiences in the Mount Sinai Human Rights Program (MSHRP), their motivations for involvement, and the possible influence of engagement on their professional identities, personal growth, and career choices. Methods: Through semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study gathered the experiences of 15 fourth year and recently graduated medical students who participated in the comprehensive training, research, and direct service opportunities provided by the program. Responses were coded using a content analysis approach. Findings: The results of this research highlight the motivations behind students’ involvement in a medical human rights program, as well as the challenges they experienced engaging with this work. The study captured students’ perceptions of the role of the program on their personal growth, clinical skills, and career vision. Nearly all the students interviewed indicated they developed important, clinically applicable skills that enhanced their traditional medical education. Students indicated that their participation directly influenced their professional identities and future career directions by reinforcing previous interests in human rights and social justice work, impacting medical specialty and residency program selections and fostering commitment to working with immigrant populations. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that longitudinal involvement with the MSHRP contributed to the acquisition of important clinical skills that were not otherwise attained in students’ early medical education. Findings suggest that there is significant opportunity for clinical and leadership development outside the traditional preclinical and clinical ...

العلاقة: https://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/2940Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Test; https://doaj.org/article/914c58e7960f4e90a3f4cbff22ce3989Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2940Test
https://doaj.org/article/914c58e7960f4e90a3f4cbff22ce3989Test

المؤلفون: Barbara R. DuPont, Michael J. Lyons, Anna C Edens, Reyna M. Durón, Kenton R. Holden

المصدر: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 53:463-466

مصطلحات موضوعية: congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Karyotype, Electroencephalography, medicine.disease, Epilepsy, Developmental Neuroscience, mental disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, dup, Gene duplication, Intellectual disability, medicine, Autism, Neurology (clinical), Generalized epilepsy, Psychology, Neuroscience

الوصف: We present two phenotypically similar females with Xp duplication who have autism and epilepsy. Case 1 is a 14-year-old Honduran female with autism and medically refractory complex partial, secondarily generalized epilepsy. Case 2 is a 3-year-old Austrian female with autism and medically refractory complex partial epilepsy. Both patients also share features of severe intellectual disability (case 1 has a developmental quotient of 23, case 2 has a developmental quotient of 42) and dysmorphic facial features. Autism was confirmed by thorough clinical evaluations and testing. Case 1 has a karyotype of 46,X,dup(X)(p11.2-p22.33) and a highly skewed X-inactivation pattern (94:6). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were abnormal. Case 2 has a 5-megabase duplication of Xp11.22-p11.23 on chromosome microarray analysis. The patient has a random X-inactivation pattern (77:23). Brain MRI was normal, but EEG was abnormal. Both patients have duplications involving the Xp11.22-p11.23 region, indicating that this is an area of interest for future translational autism research.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::eeb96c54fb3fc3ec247086aac3192724Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03909.xTest

المؤلفون: B. R. Hames, Shahab Sokhansanj, L. O. Pordesimo, W. C. Edens

المصدر: Biomass and Bioenergy. 28:366-374

مصطلحات موضوعية: food.ingredient, Moisture, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Sowing, Forestry, Raw material, Corn kernel, food, Corn stover, Agronomy, Environmental science, Cultivar, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water content, Stover

الوصف: How to harvest and process corn stover to maximize its quality as a fuel or industrial feedstock and minimize material losses are compelling issues in the industrial utilization of corn stover. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the variation in the chemical composition and energy content of aboveground components of the corn plant over time and to evaluate how composition changes after grain physiological maturity is reached and the plants are weathered while undergoing further field drying. Above ground biomass distribution and composition of two almost identical corn cultivars (Pioneer 32K61 and 32K64 Bt) were studied from an estimated 2 weeks before corn kernel physiological maturity until 4 weeks after the grain had already reached a moisture content suitable for combine harvesting. Compositional analysis of corn stover fractions gathered over the course of maturation, senescence, and weathering using NIR spectroscopy showed (1) a rapid drop in soluble glucan, (2) increase in lignin, and (3) increase in xylan. By day 151 after planting, about when grain from surrounding non-test plots was harvested at about 15.5% moisture, composition of the different fractions remained fairly constant. Since product yield in fermentation-based biomass conversion processes is proportional to the structural carbohydrate content of the feedstock, timing of stover collection and the proportion of anatomical fractions collected affect the quality of corn stover as fermentation feedstock. Since the energy content of corn stover anatomical fractions is shown to remain fairly constant over time and from one plant to another (16.7–20.9 kJ g−1), insofar as combustion processes are concerned, it apparently makes little difference which part of the plant is used, or at what time the material is harvested.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::12b6857a8c3a4c3a84d0721b1d1af745Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.09.003Test

المؤلفون: W. C. Edens, L. O. Pordesimo, Shahab Sokhansanj

المصدر: Biomass and Bioenergy. 26:337-343

مصطلحات موضوعية: Moisture, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Biomass, Forestry, Corn stover, Agronomy, Bioenergy, Postharvest, Environmental science, Dry matter, Cultivar, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science, Stover

الوصف: Corn stover can be a principal feedstock for bioenergy and industrial applications because of its abundance and its current underutilization. Development of strategies/systems for the postharvest handling of corn stover involves quantifying what corn stover biomass is available over time after grain physiological maturity has been reached. It also involves understanding how the biomass is distributed in the different aboveground components of the corn plant. The objectives of this preliminary investigation were to measure the allocation of biomass to aboveground components of the corn plant over time and to develop relationships for estimating total aboveground corn plant biomass through simple corn plant dimensional measurements. Aboveground biomass distribution for two corn cultivars (Pioneer 32K61 and 32K64 Bt) was studied in standing plants from roughly 1 week before grain physiological maturity until 4 weeks after grain harvest from other plots in the field. Over the monitoring period, the amount of dry matter in stover averaged 50% of the total aboveground dry plant mass with stalks comprising 50% of the stover dry matter at the time grain was harvested. This study indicated that the more conservative 0.8:1 stover:grain fresh weight ratio, rather than the 1:1 widely used, may be more realistic at the grain harvest moisture range of 18–31% w.b. Such precondition has not been clearly emphasized in the literature. Regression equations involving stalk diameter and plant height for DeKalb 626 derived to estimate fresh green weight and dry matter of the corn plant above the ground had a maximum R2 of 0.75.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::5f47c3c5fa6e7370ada5f6cfc7884b43Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0961-9534Test(03)00124-7

المؤلفون: W. C. Edens, Shahab Sokhansanj, L. O. Pordesimo

المصدر: Transactions of the ASAE. 47:1597-1603

مصطلحات موضوعية: Corn stover, Agronomy, Moisture, Cellulosic ethanol, Biomass, Environmental science, Dry matter, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Stover, Water content, Husk

الوصف: Corn stover is a currently low-value product that has been suggested as an ideal pioneer cellulosic feedstock for conversion to chemicals and fuel because of its abundance and proximity to existing grain-to-ethanol conversion facilities. However, corn stover is high in moisture at the time of grain harvest. High-moisture corn stover is difficult to handle, spoils readily, is prone to spontaneous combustion, and is a safety hazard when moldy; thus, field drying becomes an important consideration. Data on field moisture content, quantity, and quality of the corn plant fractions are essential to the on-going analysis of the stover supply system. This study involved monitoring the in-field dry down and biomass yield in two corn hybrids, Pioneer 32K61 and 32K64 (Bt), grown under southeastern U.S. conditions. The standing corn was sampled over a 109-day period that was started roughly a week before estimated grain physiological maturity until several weeks after the grain had reached harvest moisture. The two hybrids seemed to have no visual differences in field drying rates; hence, their data were pooled for analysis. The stalk fraction had the highest moisture over the study period, but by the end, 213 days after planting, all components of the corn plant reached nearly the same moisture content of 10% to 13% w.b. Moisture content of the stover could be estimated by doubling the grain moisture content when the grain moisture was between 18% and 31% w.b. After physiological maturity, the dry matter content of the stalk and husk fractions declined steadily. The leaf fraction mass sustained substantial losses (about 74%) very rapidly, mainly due to wind and rain damage. The amount of dry stover was about 50% of the total dry plant material over the monitoring period with stalks comprising 50% of the stover dry matter at the time grain was harvested. These data for Tennessee conditions (southeastern U.S.) support use of the convenient 1-to-1 rule of thumb for estimating stover dry matter from grain dry matter, but strictly qualified to only when grain is at the typical harvest range of 30% to 18% moisture.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::e01414aa2701c6d8ccd15433d6466383Test
https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.17589Test

المؤلفون: W. C. Edens, L. R. Wilhelm, Robert T. Burns, L. O. Pordesimo

المصدر: Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 19:711-716

مصطلحات موضوعية: Engineering, Dry-bulb temperature, business.industry, General Engineering, Electrical engineering, Refrigeration, Milking, law.invention, Butterfat, Animal science, law, Air preheater, Air compressor, Vacuum pump, business, Energy (signal processing)

الوصف: Fourteen years of accumulated electrical energy use data related to milking operations at the 160-cow University of Tennessee Dairy Experiment Station in Lewisburg, Tennessee were analyzed to quantify relative effects of production -related factors on energy use within the milking center. Energy use was measured for vacuum pumps, refrigeration compressors, water heaters, and an air compressor. These energy use figures were then related to the recorded production parameters: number of cows milked, the amount of milk sold, percent butterfat of the milk, the total pounds of fat corrected milk, and high and low dry bulb temperature by means of multiple regression. Analyses were made on a monthly and yearly basis. Total dairy energy use could not be computed due to numerous non-dairy load components in the Experiment Station that could not be subtracted. It followed logically that number of cows milked, milk production, and weather conditions represented by dry bulb temperature were found to be the major factors affecting energy use. However, no parameter, or combination of parameters, explained in a statistical sense more than 74% of the variability in the recorded energy use by the equipment studied. Quantity, and not quality, of milk produced was the most significant factor affecting energy use, with the number of cows milked and outside temperatures playing lesser roles. Regression results showing that cow numbers was not a factor related to energy use for milk cooling or vacuum pump operation, lead to some questions about the validity of kWh/cow/yr as an energy use indicator. For the 14 years of data available, average EUIs for the vacuum pumps for milking (1.10 kWh/cwt) and the refrigeration compressors for milk cooling (1.02 kWh/cwt) were near the upper range of published reference values (0.4 to 1.19 kWh/cwt and 0.8 to 1.10 kWh/cwt, respectively), while average EUI for water heaters (0.65 kWh/cwt) were well below the published range (0.95 to 1.40 kWh/cwt). The former two results confirm the validity of the published EUIs that were based only on a few year’s data. Interestingly, the results also indicate a general consistency in the year to year operation of similarly sized dairy operations. The lower EUI for the water heater was due to the use of a preheater and also the every-other-day milk collection at the dairy.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::dc1c83044eb5d94d47bf3bff9972d12fTest
https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.15659Test

المؤلفون: W. C. Edens, S. Sokhansanj, B. R. Hames, L. O. Pordesimo

المصدر: 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Crop, Maturity (geology), Corn stover, Agronomy, Composition (visual arts), Biology, Chemical composition

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::015cdac7bb8c3999b2b64c3699fc5838Test
https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.15455Test

المؤلفون: Anna C, Edens, Michael J, Lyons, Reyna M, Duron, Barbara R, Dupont, Kenton R, Holden

المصدر: Developmental medicine and child neurology. 53(5)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Chromosomes, Human, X, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Gene Duplication, Humans, Female, Autistic Disorder

الوصف: We present two phenotypically similar females with Xp duplication who have autism and epilepsy. Case 1 is a 14-year-old Honduran female with autism and medically refractory complex partial, secondarily generalized epilepsy. Case 2 is a 3-year-old Austrian female with autism and medically refractory complex partial epilepsy. Both patients also share features of severe intellectual disability (case 1 has a developmental quotient of 23, case 2 has a developmental quotient of 42) and dysmorphic facial features. Autism was confirmed by thorough clinical evaluations and testing. Case 1 has a karyotype of 46,X,dup(X)(p11.2-p22.33) and a highly skewed X-inactivation pattern (94:6). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were abnormal. Case 2 has a 5-megabase duplication of Xp11.22-p11.23 on chromosome microarray analysis. The patient has a random X-inactivation pattern (77:23). Brain MRI was normal, but EEG was abnormal. Both patients have duplications involving the Xp11.22-p11.23 region, indicating that this is an area of interest for future translational autism research.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::0df58d21ae0071856d992d174d9fb8c7Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21418194Test